54 Questions
Which of the following is a way to obtain a weather briefing?
Requesting it from air traffic control
What is the recommended minimum time to file a flight plan before estimated departure time?
At least 30 minutes
Which of the following is NOT a way to cancel a flight plan?
Sending an email to the FAA
What is the purpose of a 'pop-up IFR clearance'?
To allow pilots to transition from VFR to IFR without a previously filed flight plan
What is the recommended altitude requirement for obtaining a pop-up IFR clearance?
At or above the minimum IFR altitude, or climbing to it under VFR
What is the recommended action for filing a preferred IFR route?
File the preferred route only if it is published in the Chart Supplement U.S.
What is the requirement for a pilot to carry passengers as PIC according to §61.57?
Completing 3 takeoffs and landings in the last 90 days in category, class, and type if required.
In what time frame should a pilot complete 6 instrument approaches, holding procedures, and tasks to act as PIC under IFR?
Within 6 calendar months preceding the month of flight.
Which devices can be used to complete the requirements for instrument rating privileges to be maintained?
ATD (Aviation Training Device) or any FTD (Flight Training Device).
Under what conditions can a pilot log instrument time when conducting instrument flight instruction?
In actual instrument flight conditions during instrument flight instruction.
When is a pilot required to complete 3 takeoffs and landings to full stop?
Between 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise.
What are the specific tasks that a pilot must complete to maintain instrument rating privileges?
Intercepting and tracking courses through navigational electronic systems.
What does the abbreviation 'NW KRAFT' stand for when preparing for an IFR flight?
Notices to Airmen, Weather, Known traffic delays, Runway length, Alternatives, Fuel, Takeoff and landing performance data
According to the '1-2-3' rule, when is a destination alternate required for an IFR flight?
A destination alternate is always required, unless an instrument approach is published and available for the destination, and the ceiling and visibility conditions are met for 1 hour before to 1 hour after ETA.
What is the requirement for operating an aircraft in controlled airspace under IFR according to §91.173?
The pilot must have filed an IFR flight plan and received an appropriate ATC clearance.
What was the NTSB's ruling regarding taking off into IMC in uncontrolled airspace (Class G) without a clearance or a release?
The NTSB ruled that it is a violation of §91.13, careless or reckless operation, and has gotten pilots in trouble with the FAA.
What is the purpose of filing an IFR flight plan?
All of the above.
What is the importance of the preflight information required for an IFR flight, as outlined in the 'NW KRAFT' acronym?
All of the above.
What is the purpose of the Localizer in an Instrument Landing System (ILS)?
To provide lateral course guidance for the aircraft's approach
What is the frequency range used for Localizer signals in an ILS?
108.1 - 111.95 MHz with odd tenths only
What is the typical width of the Localizer course at the runway threshold?
700 feet
What is the purpose of a Non-Directional Beacon (NDB)?
To provide a direction-finding signal for navigation
What is the typical service volume of a Compass Locator NDB?
15 NM
What is the purpose of a DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) in an ILS approach?
To measure the aircraft's slant range distance from the DME ground station
What type of instrument operates on the principle of precession?
Turn-and-slip indicators
What does a turn coordinator show?
Rate-of-turn and rate of roll
What is the standard pressure setting above 18,000' MSL?
29.92" Hg
What is the phrase used to caution pilots when flying from high pressure to low pressure areas?
High to low - watch out below!
What is the reason for the altimeter error when flying from hot to cold areas?
The altimeter setting is not updated
What is the purpose of the Kollsman window on an altimeter?
To display the current pressure setting in mb and/or inches of mercury
What is required to log an instrument approach procedure (IAP) down to its published minimums?
Being established on each required segment of the IAP down to its published minimums
In what circumstances can a pilot still log an approach if conditions change from actual IMC to VMC during the final approach segment?
If conditions change back to actual IMC before reaching MDA or DA
What segments of an Instrument Approach Procedure are required for logging the approach?
Initial, Intermediate, and Final approach segments
When can a flight instructor log an Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) conducted by the student in actual IMC?
In actual IMC only
If conducting an Instrument Approach Procedure in simulated IMC, where must the simulated conditions continue down to?
MDA or DA
What is the typical width of the Localizer course at the runway threshold?
1.4 degrees
What is the frequency range used for Localizer signals in an ILS?
329.3 to 335 MHz (UHF)
What is the purpose of the Marker Beacons in an ILS approach?
To provide range information over specific points along the approach
What is the typical service volume of a Compass Locator NDB?
The text does not provide information about the service volume of a Compass Locator NDB
What is the primary function of the Localizer component in an Instrument Landing System (ILS)?
Provides guidance in the horizontal plane to ensure alignment with the runway centerline
Which component of the ILS is responsible for providing vertical guidance during an approach and landing?
Glide Slope
How does the Instrument Landing System (ILS) assist pilots during low visibility conditions?
By providing precise lateral and vertical guidance to the runway
What is the significance of the 'Glide Slope' indication on the cockpit instruments during an ILS approach?
Guides the pilot on the correct descent path towards the runway
Why is it essential for pilots to adhere to the guidance provided by an Instrument Landing System (ILS) during critical phases of flight?
To ensure precise alignment with the runway and safe landings in adverse weather conditions
What is the maximum allowable bearing error during a VOR ground checkpoint?
±4°
What is the maximum allowable bearing error during an airborne VOR checkpoint?
±6°
What is the maximum service volume for a Terminal VOR station?
40 NM
At what height is the slant range error for DME negligible?
1 NM DME station per 1000 ft height
What is a limitation of the VOR system?
Requires line-of-sight between aircraft and station
What is the purpose of the 'D.E.P.S' sign-off for VOR checks?
To document the date, error, place, and signature
What is the frequency range used for DME?
962-1213 MHz (UHF)
What is the maximum service volume for a High VOR station?
130 NM
What is a limitation of the VOR system?
All of the above
What is the purpose of the DME system?
To calculate the slant range distance to a station
Study Notes
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)
- Authorized instructors may log instrument time when conducting instrument flight instruction in actual instrument flight conditions.
- A flight simulator or FTD may be used to meet the flight review requirements as long as:
- It is used in an approved course by a training center under part 142.
- Represents the category of aircraft for which the pilot is rated.
- To carry passengers as PIC (§61.57):
- 3 takeoffs & landings in category, class, and type (if type rating req.) in the last 90 days.
- At periods between 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise: 3 takeoffs & landings to full stop.
- To act as PIC under IFR or in weather conditions less than VFR minimums:
- "6 HITS" - Within 6 calendar months preceding the month of flight:
- 6 instrument approaches
- Holding procedures & tasks
- Intercepting & Tracking courses through the use of navigational electronic systems
- "6 HITS" - Within 6 calendar months preceding the month of flight:
Instruments
- Pitot-static instruments:
- Altimeter: an aneroid barometer showing height above a given pressure level based on standard pressure lapse rate of 1000’ per inch of mercury
- Turn indicators:
- Operate on the principle of precession
- Show rate-of-turn and rate of roll
- Turn-and-slip indicators:
- Show rate-of-turn only
Flight Planning
- Preflight information required for IFR (§91.103):
- "NW KRAFT"
- N - NOTAMs
- W - Weather reports and forecasts
- "NW KRAFT"
- Destination alternate requirements:
- "1-2-3" rule:
- Known traffic delays as advised by ATC
- Runway length of intended use
- Alternatives available if flight cannot be completed as planned
- Fuel requirements
- Takeoff and landing performance data
- "1-2-3" rule:
- IFR flight plan requirements (§91.169, §91.173):
- Filed an IFR flight plan
- Received an appropriate ATC clearance
Aircraft Maintenance and Inspection
- Minimum equipment required for flight:
- VFR day: "A TOMATO FLAMES"
- VFR night:
- All VFR day equipment
- GRABCARD
- IFR day:
- All VFR day equipment
- GRABCARD
- Inspection requirements:
- 100-hour inspection
- Annual inspection
- Progressive inspection schedule (if specifically approved by the FAA)
Briefings
- Passenger briefing: "SAFETY"
- S - Seat belts fastened for taxi, takeoff, landing
- A - Airline safety features (if applicable)
- F - Fuel
- E - Emergency exits
- T - Turbulence
- Y - Your life jacket (if applicable)
Test your knowledge on the requirements for conducting instrument flight instruction and meeting flight review criteria. Learn about logging instrument time, using flight simulators, and completing takeoffs and landings to stay current.
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