39 Questions
Which muscle is responsible for separating the thorax from the abdominal cavity?
The diaphragm
What is the function of the diaphragm during normal quiet breathing?
To increase the thoracic volume
Which nerves innervate the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerves
How much can the diaphragm descend during a deep inspiration?
10-12 cm
Which muscles are involved in inspiration?
Diaphragm, external intercostals and accessory muscles of inspiration.
Which muscles are primarily responsible for pulling the rib cage upward and outward during inspiration?
External intercostal muscles
What is the role of the bucket handle movement during inspiration?
It expands the thoracic cavity laterally.
Which movement of the sternum is likened to the pump handle during inspiration?
Upward movement
During normal quiet breathing, which muscles are involved in expiration?
No muscles are involved in expiration
Which process is passive during normal quiet breathing?
Expiration
Which of the following statements about expiratory muscles during normal quiet breathing is true?
There are no muscles involved in expiration during normal quiet breathing.
Which statement accurately describes the involvement of expiratory muscles during normal quiet breathing?
Expiratory muscles passively relax during normal quiet breathing.
Which condition is most likely to involve the activation of accessory muscles of inspiration?
Asthma
Which of the abdominal wall muscle does NOT involved in active expiration during exercise and voluntary hyperventilation?
Quadratus lumborum muscle
What happens to the diaphragm during active expiration?
It is pushed upward
Which muscle contributes the most to the volume of air in the lungs during normal breathing at rest?
Diaphragm
What is the role of the internal intercostal and transversus thoracis muscles?
Depress the ribs and reduce thoracic cavity width and depth
Which muscles assist in active exhalation by depressing the ribs and pushing the relaxed diaphragm into the thoracic cavity?
Rectus abdominis
Which of the following best explains the drop in intrapleural pressure during inspiration?
The inward elastic recoil of the lung decreases lung volume
What generates the suction called intrapleural pressure in the pleural cavity?
The elastic recoils of the lung and chest wall pulling in opposite directions
What is the approximate intrapleural pressure at the end of expiration (at FRC)?
-5 cmH2O
During inspiration, how does the intrapleural pressure change compared to the end of expiration?
It becomes more negative
What is the significance of the pressure gradient between alveolar pressure and atmospheric pressure?
It drives the airflow into the alveoli.
Which pressure must be lower in order for air to flow from the atmosphere into the alveoli?
Alveolar pressure
What is the approximate alveolar pressure at the end of expiration?
0 cmH2O
Which pressure is usually measured to reflect the intrapleural pressure?
Esophageal pressure
How is intrapleural pressure transmitted to the balloon-tipped catheter?
Through the esophagus
What is the purpose of the increased transpulmonary pressure gradient during inspiration?
To promote airflow into the alveoli
What happens to the alveoli during inspiration?
They expand in response to increased transpulmonary pressure gradient
What happens to the alveolar pressure during expiration?
It increases above atmospheric pressure
What causes air to flow out of the alveoli during expiration?
Increased alveolar elastic recoil
What is the role of the intrapleural pressure during the respiratory cycle?
To establish a pressure gradient for airflow
What is the pressure relationship between alveolar pressure (Palv) and atmospheric pressure (Patm) during the end expiration stage?
Palv = Patm
What happens to the chest wall and pleural pressure (Pip) during mid-inspiration?
Chest wall is expanding, Pip becomes more negative
What is the pressure relationship between alveolar pressure (Palv) and atmospheric pressure (Patm) at the end inspiration stage?
Palv = Patm
What is the pressure relationship between alveolar pressure (Palv) and atmospheric pressure (Patm) during mid-expiration?
Palv < Patm
Throughout the typical respiratory cycle, what is the pressure in the intrapleural space?
Negative
Which stage of the respiratory cycle has a sub-atmospheric pressure in the alveoli?
Mid inspiration stage
What is the role of the transpulmonary pressure gradient during inspiration?
Determining the actual flow of gas into and out of the alveoli
Test your knowledge on the inspiratory muscles and their functions with this informative quiz. Explore the role of the diaphragm, external intercostals, and accessory muscles of inspiration.
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