Respiratory cycle
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is responsible for separating the thorax from the abdominal cavity?

  • The external intercostals
  • The accessory muscles of inspiration
  • The phrenic nerves
  • The diaphragm (correct)

    • What is the function of the diaphragm during normal quiet breathing?

  • To increase the thoracic volume (correct)
  • To descend into the abdominal cavity
  • To contract the external intercostals
  • To innervate the phrenic nerves

    • Which nerves innervate the diaphragm?

  • Phrenic nerves (correct)
  • Vagus nerve
  • Spinal accessory nerve
  • Intercostal nerves

    • How much can the diaphragm descend during a deep inspiration?

    <p>10-12 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are involved in inspiration?

    <p>Diaphragm, external intercostals and accessory muscles of inspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are primarily responsible for pulling the rib cage upward and outward during inspiration?

    <p>External intercostal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the bucket handle movement during inspiration?

    <p>It expands the thoracic cavity laterally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement of the sternum is likened to the pump handle during inspiration?

    <p>Upward movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During normal quiet breathing, which muscles are involved in expiration?

    <p>No muscles are involved in expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is passive during normal quiet breathing?

    <p>Expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about expiratory muscles during normal quiet breathing is true?

    <p>There are no muscles involved in expiration during normal quiet breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the involvement of expiratory muscles during normal quiet breathing?

    <p>Expiratory muscles passively relax during normal quiet breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to involve the activation of accessory muscles of inspiration?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the abdominal wall muscle does NOT involved in active expiration during exercise and voluntary hyperventilation?

    <p>Quadratus lumborum muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the diaphragm during active expiration?

    <p>It is pushed upward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle contributes the most to the volume of air in the lungs during normal breathing at rest?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the internal intercostal and transversus thoracis muscles?

    <p>Depress the ribs and reduce thoracic cavity width and depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles assist in active exhalation by depressing the ribs and pushing the relaxed diaphragm into the thoracic cavity?

    <p>Rectus abdominis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the drop in intrapleural pressure during inspiration?

    <p>The inward elastic recoil of the lung decreases lung volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generates the suction called intrapleural pressure in the pleural cavity?

    <p>The elastic recoils of the lung and chest wall pulling in opposite directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate intrapleural pressure at the end of expiration (at FRC)?

    <p>-5 cmH2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During inspiration, how does the intrapleural pressure change compared to the end of expiration?

    <p>It becomes more negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the pressure gradient between alveolar pressure and atmospheric pressure?

    <p>It drives the airflow into the alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pressure must be lower in order for air to flow from the atmosphere into the alveoli?

    <p>Alveolar pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate alveolar pressure at the end of expiration?

    <p>0 cmH2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pressure is usually measured to reflect the intrapleural pressure?

    <p>Esophageal pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is intrapleural pressure transmitted to the balloon-tipped catheter?

    <p>Through the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the increased transpulmonary pressure gradient during inspiration?

    <p>To promote airflow into the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the alveoli during inspiration?

    <p>They expand in response to increased transpulmonary pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the alveolar pressure during expiration?

    <p>It increases above atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes air to flow out of the alveoli during expiration?

    <p>Increased alveolar elastic recoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the intrapleural pressure during the respiratory cycle?

    <p>To establish a pressure gradient for airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure relationship between alveolar pressure (Palv) and atmospheric pressure (Patm) during the end expiration stage?

    <p>Palv = Patm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the chest wall and pleural pressure (Pip) during mid-inspiration?

    <p>Chest wall is expanding, Pip becomes more negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure relationship between alveolar pressure (Palv) and atmospheric pressure (Patm) at the end inspiration stage?

    <p>Palv = Patm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure relationship between alveolar pressure (Palv) and atmospheric pressure (Patm) during mid-expiration?

    <p>Palv &lt; Patm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Throughout the typical respiratory cycle, what is the pressure in the intrapleural space?

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the respiratory cycle has a sub-atmospheric pressure in the alveoli?

    <p>Mid inspiration stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the transpulmonary pressure gradient during inspiration?

    <p>Determining the actual flow of gas into and out of the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

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