Questions and Answers
How often should the Assistant Engineer inspect every tunnel?
What should the Assistant Engineer record in the tunnel inspection register?
How often should Engineering Inspectors inspect tunnels?
How many pages should be allowed for each tunnel in the inspection register?
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What is the primary responsibility of the Works Inspector?
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What should the inspection cover?
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What should the Inspector record in the inspection register?
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What should the Assistant Engineer do after completing the annual tunnel inspection?
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Who should the Inspector submit the list of important defects to?
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What should the Assistant Engineer include in the extract sent to the Inspectors?
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Where should the inspection registers be kept?
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What should the Assistant Engineer do after receiving the inspection report?
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Who should inspect the tunnels and deep cuttings?
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What is the purpose of the Inspector's certificate?
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How many copies of the inspection report should be maintained?
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What should the Inspector accompany during the annual inspection of tunnels?
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What is the primary responsibility of the Divisional Engineer in regards to tunnel inspection?
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What should the Divisional Engineer do after scrutinizing the Assistant Engineer tunnel inspection register?
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What is the purpose of using mobile staging for inspection?
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What should the Assistant Engineer do after receiving the extracted items of inspection register from the Divisional Engineer?
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What should the Chief Bridge Engineer at Headquarters do with the tunnel inspection registers?
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What is the purpose of the Divisional Engineer's endorsement on the tunnel inspection register?
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Where should the mobile staging for inspection be kept?
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What is the next step after the Chief Bridge Engineer at Headquarters has examined the tunnel inspection register?
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What is the first step in inspecting rockbolts?
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What is the purpose of sounding and pull out tests on rockbolts?
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What should be done in case of a boulder fall?
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Who should handle blasting equipment in case of a boulder fall?
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What equipment should be kept at the Headquarters of each SSE/JE?
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What should be done immediately after a boulder fall is reported?
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What is the significance of treating a location as 'VULNERABLE' after a boulder fall?
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What is the primary objective of maintenance of cuttings?
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What is the primary purpose of weeding, trimming, and felling of plants, trees, and shrubs in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What is the primary purpose of scaling in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What is the primary purpose of safety belts in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What is the recommended qualification for inspecting personnel in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What is the primary purpose of good quality trekking and climbing shoes in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What is the primary purpose of chalk in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What is the primary consideration for inspecting personnel in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What is the primary purpose of maintenance and repair of protection and strengthening measures in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What should the Engineering Inspectors inspect once a year during the prescribed month?
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What should be included in the inspection of tunnels and deep cuttings?
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How should the Inspector record the results of the inspection?
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Who should the Inspector submit the list of important defects to?
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What should the Assistant Engineer do after completing the annual tunnel inspection?
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What should the Inspector accompany during the annual inspection of tunnels?
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What should the Divisional Engineer do after scrutinizing the Assistant Engineer's tunnel inspection register?
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What should the Chief Bridge Engineer at Headquarters do with the tunnel inspection registers?
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What is the primary purpose of inspecting the top, bottom, and intermediate anchoring of boulder nets?
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What should be done if boulder nets show any signs of distress?
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What is the purpose of sending a sample piece of boulder nets to a reputed laboratory?
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Where should the comments or observations on the inspection of boulder nets be recorded?
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How often should the inspection of rockbolts be carried out?
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What should be inspected during the inspection of rockbolts?
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What is the primary purpose of weeding, trimming, and felling of plants, trees, and shrubs in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What should be used to protect inspecting personnel from bright light and small debris during tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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Where should the inspection of rockbolts be recorded?
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What is the primary purpose of inspecting the condition of retaining walls, weep holes, and other protection and strengthening measures?
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What is the primary purpose of scaling in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What should be maintained by SSE/Pway in-charge during tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What should inspecting personnel have in terms of physical fitness and agility?
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What should be used to mark loose boulders during tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?
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What should inspecting personnel have in terms of training and experience?
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What should be done to maintain the structural integrity of tunnels and deep cuttings?
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In what order should rockbolts be numbered?
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What is the primary purpose of ventilation in tunnels?
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What should be inspected for signs of corrosion and looseness?
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What should be done if a rockbolt shows signs of distress?
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What is the primary consideration for designing the ventilation system of a tunnel?
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What should be done in case of a boulder fall?
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What is the effect of the movement of trains inside a tunnel on the environment?
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What should be kept at the Headquarters of each SSE/JE?
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What is the purpose of the permissible values of pollutants in Table 10.01?
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What should be done immediately after a boulder fall is reported?
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What is the primary difference between natural and artificial ventilation systems in tunnels?
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Why should a location be treated as 'VULNERABLE' after a boulder fall?
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What is the primary purpose of pressure transient hazards during train movement in tunnels?
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What is the primary consideration for designing the length and orientation of a tunnel?
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What is the primary objective of maintenance of cuttings?
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What is the primary purpose of the design of ventilation systems in tunnels?
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Study Notes
Inspection of Tunnels and Deep Cuttings
Frequency and Responsibility
- Tunnels should be inspected annually by Engineering Inspectors.
- The Permanent Way Inspector is responsible for inspecting tunnels and deep cuttings.
Items to be Covered in Inspection
- Tunnel approaches and cutting.
- Portals at either end.
- Walls, lining, and roofing.
- Drainage.
- Tracks.
- Section in relation to moving dimensions.
- Lighting and special equipment.
- Maintenance of tunnels and deep cuttings.
Record of Inspection
- The Inspector should record the results of inspection in a register.
- The register should contain details of the date of inspection, condition of the tunnel, and repairs carried out.
- Two or three copies of the register may be allowed for each tunnel.
Inspection by Assistant Engineer
- The Assistant Engineer should inspect tunnels annually.
- The Assistant Engineer should make a detailed inspection of tunnels and deep cuttings.
- The Assistant Engineer should record the results of inspection in a register.
Mobile Staging for Inspection
- Requisite stagings mounted on mobile units should be used for thorough inspection of tunnels.
- These should be kept at suitable points for urgent use.
Details of Tunnel Inspection
- The details of inspection to be carried out include:
- Tunnel approaches and cutting.
- Rockbolts (including accessories).
- Any dampness observed around the rockbolt.
- Sounding of the location and pull out tests (if required).
Action to be Taken in the Case of Boulder Fall
- In case of boulder fall, the boulder may be removed by jacking or blasting.
- Suitable equipment should be kept at the Headquarters of each SSE/JE.
Action to be Taken for Maintenance of Cuttings
- Cleaning, repairing, and improving drainage.
- Weeding, trimming, and felling of plants, trees, and shrubs.
- Provision of protection and strengthening measures.
- Repairing local slips and settlement or erosion channels.
- Scaling and maintenance of protection and strengthening measures.
- Maintenance and repair of inspection steps/pathways/Trolley Refuges.
Safety Precautions
- Safety equipment such as helmets, safety belts, sun glasses, trekking shoes, chalk, gloves, and harnesses should be used during inspection and maintenance.
- The inspecting persons should be well-trained in rock climbing and have sound health and fitness.
Inspection and Maintenance of Tunnels
- The Permanent Way Inspector shall inspect every tunnel on his section once a year, after the monsoon season
- The inspection shall cover:
- Tunnel approaches and cuttings
- Portals at either end
- Tunnel walls, lining, and roofing (lined and unlined)
- Drainage
- Refuges
- Ventilation shafts and adits
- The section in relation to moving dimensions
- The track
- Lighting equipment and special tools with the maintenance gang
- The Inspector shall record the results of the inspection in a manuscript register
- The Inspector shall submit a list of important defects to the Assistant Engineer
- The Assistant Engineer shall issue necessary orders to the Inspector and forward one copy of the certificate of inspection to the Divisional Engineer
Ventilation of Tunnels
- Ventilation is important for passenger and crew comfort, as well as worker health
- Movement of trains inside tunnels transforms the environmental features:
- Air quality deterioration due to locomotive emissions
- Thermal environment hazards from locomotive heat
- Pressure transient hazards from aerodynamic effects
- Permissible limits are set for pollutant concentrations (CO, NOx, SO2) and maximum air temperature inside tunnels
- Ventilation can be achieved through:
- Natural ventilation induced by high-speed train movement
- Artificial ventilation using ventilation shafts and/or longitudinal fans
Design of Tunnel Ventilation Systems
- The ventilation system should:
- Ensure sufficient airflow to keep pollutant concentrations within limits
- Prevent locomotive overheating and maintain desired thermal conditions
- Keep pressure transients within acceptable limits
- The required airflow and ventilation approach depends on factors like:
- Locomotive type, gradient, train length and speed, ambient temperature, tunnel length and cross-section, etc.
- Mathematical modeling and simulation studies are necessary to design the ventilation system for each tunnel
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Description
This quiz covers the inspection and maintenance procedures for tunnels and deep cuttings, including the role of engineering inspectors and the frequency of inspections.