Inspection and Maintenance of Tunnels and Deep Cuttings Chapter 10

Questions and Answers

How often should the Assistant Engineer inspect every tunnel?

Once a week

Once a year (correct)

Once a month

Once a quarter

What should the Assistant Engineer record in the tunnel inspection register?

The name of the engineer who inspected the tunnel

The results of the inspection and the instructions issued (correct)

The date of the inspection only

Only the condition of the tunnels

How often should Engineering Inspectors inspect tunnels?

Every year during the prescribed month (correct)

Every quarter of a year

Every six months

Every two years

How many pages should be allowed for each tunnel in the inspection register?

Two or three pages Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the Works Inspector?

Inspecting structural parts of tunnels Signup and view all the answers

What should the inspection cover?

All aspects of the tunnel Signup and view all the answers

What should the Inspector record in the inspection register?

Particulars of date, condition of tunnel, and repairs carried out during the year Signup and view all the answers

What should the Assistant Engineer do after completing the annual tunnel inspection?

Certify the inspection register Signup and view all the answers

Who should the Inspector submit the list of important defects to?

The Assistant Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What should the Assistant Engineer include in the extract sent to the Inspectors?

All the remarks and the instructions issued Signup and view all the answers

Where should the inspection registers be kept?

In the office of the Divisional/Sr. Divisional Engineers Signup and view all the answers

What should the Assistant Engineer do after receiving the inspection report?

Issue necessary orders to the Inspector Signup and view all the answers

Who should inspect the tunnels and deep cuttings?

The Assistant Engineer and the Divisional/Sr. Divisional Engineers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Inspector's certificate?

To certify that the Inspector has carried out the inspection Signup and view all the answers

How many copies of the inspection report should be maintained?

Three copies Signup and view all the answers

What should the Inspector accompany during the annual inspection of tunnels?

The Assistant Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the Divisional Engineer in regards to tunnel inspection?

To scrutinize the Assistant Engineer tunnel inspection register Signup and view all the answers

What should the Divisional Engineer do after scrutinizing the Assistant Engineer tunnel inspection register?

Endorse the register below the Assistant Engineer's certificate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using mobile staging for inspection?

To carry out thorough inspection of tunnel sides and roof Signup and view all the answers

What should the Assistant Engineer do after receiving the extracted items of inspection register from the Divisional Engineer?

Intimate the same to the Inspector concerned for expeditious compliance Signup and view all the answers

What should the Chief Bridge Engineer at Headquarters do with the tunnel inspection registers?

Examine each register, issue orders, and return them to the Divisional Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Divisional Engineer's endorsement on the tunnel inspection register?

To indicate that the Divisional Engineer has personally scrutinized the register Signup and view all the answers

Where should the mobile staging for inspection be kept?

At suitable points for urgent use Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step after the Chief Bridge Engineer at Headquarters has examined the tunnel inspection register?

The Chief Bridge Engineer should return the register to the Divisional Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in inspecting rockbolts?

Inspect the rockbolts for signs of corrosion and looseness Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sounding and pull out tests on rockbolts?

To determine the need for remedial measures Signup and view all the answers

What should be done in case of a boulder fall?

Try to remove the boulder by jacking or levers Signup and view all the answers

Who should handle blasting equipment in case of a boulder fall?

The SSE/JE Signup and view all the answers

What equipment should be kept at the Headquarters of each SSE/JE?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately after a boulder fall is reported?

Loose-scale the cutting covering a length of about 50 meters on either side Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of treating a location as 'VULNERABLE' after a boulder fall?

It requires immediate attention and remedial measures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of maintenance of cuttings?

To clean and repair the cuttings Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of weeding, trimming, and felling of plants, trees, and shrubs in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

To reduce deleterious effects of vegetation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of scaling in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

To remove loose rocks and debris Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of safety belts in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

To prevent falls from heights Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended qualification for inspecting personnel in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

Training in rock climbing from a Mountaineering Institute Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of good quality trekking and climbing shoes in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

To improve grip and traction on slippery surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of chalk in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

To keep hands dry and improve grip Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for inspecting personnel in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

Their sound health and fitness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of maintenance and repair of protection and strengthening measures in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

To reduce the risk of accidents and damage Signup and view all the answers

What should the Engineering Inspectors inspect once a year during the prescribed month?

Every tunnel on their section Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the inspection of tunnels and deep cuttings?

All the items mentioned in the manual Signup and view all the answers

How should the Inspector record the results of the inspection?

In a specified format as mentioned in the manual Signup and view all the answers

Who should the Inspector submit the list of important defects to?

The Divisional Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What should the Assistant Engineer do after completing the annual tunnel inspection?

Submit the report to the Divisional Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What should the Inspector accompany during the annual inspection of tunnels?

The Assistant Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What should the Divisional Engineer do after scrutinizing the Assistant Engineer's tunnel inspection register?

Endorse it and send it back to the Assistant Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What should the Chief Bridge Engineer at Headquarters do with the tunnel inspection registers?

Examine and scrutinize them Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of inspecting the top, bottom, and intermediate anchoring of boulder nets?

To ensure the adequacy and effectiveness of the anchoring. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if boulder nets show any signs of distress?

Suitable remedial or strengthening measures should be taken. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sending a sample piece of boulder nets to a reputed laboratory?

To confirm the loss of strength of the boulder nets. Signup and view all the answers

Where should the comments or observations on the inspection of boulder nets be recorded?

In the cutting inspection register. Signup and view all the answers

How often should the inspection of rockbolts be carried out?

At the same schedule as the inspection of cuttings and tunnels. Signup and view all the answers

What should be inspected during the inspection of rockbolts?

The details are not specified in the content. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of weeding, trimming, and felling of plants, trees, and shrubs in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

To reduce the risk of vegetation-related hazards Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to protect inspecting personnel from bright light and small debris during tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

Sun Glasses Signup and view all the answers

Where should the inspection of rockbolts be recorded?

In the respective registers of cuttings and tunnels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of inspecting the condition of retaining walls, weep holes, and other protection and strengthening measures?

To ensure the effectiveness of the protection and strengthening measures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of scaling in tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

To remove loose rocks and debris Signup and view all the answers

What should be maintained by SSE/Pway in-charge during tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

Adequate stock of safety equipment Signup and view all the answers

What should inspecting personnel have in terms of physical fitness and agility?

Good agility and judgment Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to mark loose boulders during tunnel and deep cutting maintenance?

Chalk Signup and view all the answers

What should inspecting personnel have in terms of training and experience?

Training in rock climbing from a Mountaineering Institute Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to maintain the structural integrity of tunnels and deep cuttings?

Regular inspection and maintenance of protection and strengthening measures Signup and view all the answers

In what order should rockbolts be numbered?

In the order of increasing KM Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ventilation in tunnels?

To improve the thermal environment and reduce the concentration of pollutants. Signup and view all the answers

What should be inspected for signs of corrosion and looseness?

The rockbolts and their surroundings Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a rockbolt shows signs of distress?

Conduct sounding and pull out tests as required Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for designing the ventilation system of a tunnel?

The concentration of pollutants and thermal environment. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done in case of a boulder fall?

Try to remove the boulder using jacks or levers Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the movement of trains inside a tunnel on the environment?

It increases the concentration of pollutants and worsens the thermal environment. Signup and view all the answers

What should be kept at the Headquarters of each SSE/JE?

All necessary equipment for dealing with boulder falls Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the permissible values of pollutants in Table 10.01?

To ensure the safety and health of passengers and workers. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately after a boulder fall is reported?

Loose-scale the cutting covering a length of about 50 meters on either side Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between natural and artificial ventilation systems in tunnels?

The method of air intake and circulation. Signup and view all the answers

Why should a location be treated as 'VULNERABLE' after a boulder fall?

Because the location is prone to further boulder falls Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of pressure transient hazards during train movement in tunnels?

To ensure the safety of passengers and workers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for designing the length and orientation of a tunnel?

The terrain and geology of the surrounding area. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of maintenance of cuttings?

To clean and repair the cutting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the design of ventilation systems in tunnels?

To ensure the safety and health of passengers and workers. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inspection of Tunnels and Deep Cuttings

Frequency and Responsibility

Tunnels should be inspected annually by Engineering Inspectors.
The Permanent Way Inspector is responsible for inspecting tunnels and deep cuttings.

Items to be Covered in Inspection

Tunnel approaches and cutting.
Portals at either end.
Walls, lining, and roofing.
Drainage.
Tracks.
Section in relation to moving dimensions.
Lighting and special equipment.
Maintenance of tunnels and deep cuttings.

Record of Inspection

The Inspector should record the results of inspection in a register.
The register should contain details of the date of inspection, condition of the tunnel, and repairs carried out.
Two or three copies of the register may be allowed for each tunnel.

Inspection by Assistant Engineer

The Assistant Engineer should inspect tunnels annually.
The Assistant Engineer should make a detailed inspection of tunnels and deep cuttings.
The Assistant Engineer should record the results of inspection in a register.

Mobile Staging for Inspection

Requisite stagings mounted on mobile units should be used for thorough inspection of tunnels.
These should be kept at suitable points for urgent use.

Details of Tunnel Inspection

The details of inspection to be carried out include:
- Tunnel approaches and cutting.
- Rockbolts (including accessories).
- Any dampness observed around the rockbolt.
- Sounding of the location and pull out tests (if required).

Action to be Taken in the Case of Boulder Fall

In case of boulder fall, the boulder may be removed by jacking or blasting.
Suitable equipment should be kept at the Headquarters of each SSE/JE.

Action to be Taken for Maintenance of Cuttings

Cleaning, repairing, and improving drainage.
Weeding, trimming, and felling of plants, trees, and shrubs.
Provision of protection and strengthening measures.
Repairing local slips and settlement or erosion channels.
Scaling and maintenance of protection and strengthening measures.
Maintenance and repair of inspection steps/pathways/Trolley Refuges.

Safety Precautions

Safety equipment such as helmets, safety belts, sun glasses, trekking shoes, chalk, gloves, and harnesses should be used during inspection and maintenance.
The inspecting persons should be well-trained in rock climbing and have sound health and fitness.

Inspection and Maintenance of Tunnels

The Permanent Way Inspector shall inspect every tunnel on his section once a year, after the monsoon season
The inspection shall cover:
- Tunnel approaches and cuttings
- Portals at either end
- Tunnel walls, lining, and roofing (lined and unlined)
- Drainage
- Refuges
- Ventilation shafts and adits
- The section in relation to moving dimensions
- The track
- Lighting equipment and special tools with the maintenance gang
The Inspector shall record the results of the inspection in a manuscript register
The Inspector shall submit a list of important defects to the Assistant Engineer
The Assistant Engineer shall issue necessary orders to the Inspector and forward one copy of the certificate of inspection to the Divisional Engineer

Ventilation of Tunnels

Ventilation is important for passenger and crew comfort, as well as worker health
Movement of trains inside tunnels transforms the environmental features:
- Air quality deterioration due to locomotive emissions
- Thermal environment hazards from locomotive heat
- Pressure transient hazards from aerodynamic effects
Permissible limits are set for pollutant concentrations (CO, NOx, SO2) and maximum air temperature inside tunnels
Ventilation can be achieved through:
- Natural ventilation induced by high-speed train movement
- Artificial ventilation using ventilation shafts and/or longitudinal fans

Design of Tunnel Ventilation Systems

The ventilation system should:
- Ensure sufficient airflow to keep pollutant concentrations within limits
- Prevent locomotive overheating and maintain desired thermal conditions
- Keep pressure transients within acceptable limits
The required airflow and ventilation approach depends on factors like:
- Locomotive type, gradient, train length and speed, ambient temperature, tunnel length and cross-section, etc.
Mathematical modeling and simulation studies are necessary to design the ventilation system for each tunnel

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers the inspection and maintenance procedures for tunnels and deep cuttings, including the role of engineering inspectors and the frequency of inspections.