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Questions and Answers
What is the term used for the temperature at which the growth of poikilothermic animals is arrested?
What is the term used for the temperature at which the growth of poikilothermic animals is arrested?
What characterizes the zones of inactivity for insects?
What characterizes the zones of inactivity for insects?
Which of the following represents the fatal high temperature for insects?
Which of the following represents the fatal high temperature for insects?
How does death occur in insects at fatal high temperatures?
How does death occur in insects at fatal high temperatures?
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What is the preferred temperature range called for insects when given a choice along a temperature gradient?
What is the preferred temperature range called for insects when given a choice along a temperature gradient?
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What does the thermal constant refer to in the insect development cycle?
What does the thermal constant refer to in the insect development cycle?
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What happens to insect fecundity at extreme temperatures?
What happens to insect fecundity at extreme temperatures?
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Which condition favors the establishment and distribution of insects?
Which condition favors the establishment and distribution of insects?
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What term describes a relationship where both organisms benefit from the interaction?
What term describes a relationship where both organisms benefit from the interaction?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a predator?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a predator?
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What term is used to describe an organism that obtains nourishment at the expense of its host?
What term is used to describe an organism that obtains nourishment at the expense of its host?
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What is the primary difference between a parasite and a parasitoid?
What is the primary difference between a parasite and a parasitoid?
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What are the two major categories of pest control methods?
What are the two major categories of pest control methods?
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Which group of parasites specifically attacks plants?
Which group of parasites specifically attacks plants?
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What type of control measures are taken to prevent the occurrence or spread of infestation?
What type of control measures are taken to prevent the occurrence or spread of infestation?
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What phenomenon describes the process of a parasite obtaining nourishment from its host?
What phenomenon describes the process of a parasite obtaining nourishment from its host?
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Which method is considered the cheapest among pest control strategies?
Which method is considered the cheapest among pest control strategies?
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What defines the prey in the predator-prey relationship?
What defines the prey in the predator-prey relationship?
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What practice involves the removal of weeds to prevent pests?
What practice involves the removal of weeds to prevent pests?
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Which of the following is NOT a category of cultural methods?
Which of the following is NOT a category of cultural methods?
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How does the population of a species typically behave over time?
How does the population of a species typically behave over time?
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What is the effect of proper preparatory cultivation on insect populations?
What is the effect of proper preparatory cultivation on insect populations?
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Which of the following correctly defines curative measures?
Which of the following correctly defines curative measures?
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What benefit do farmers gain by adopting normal agricultural practices?
What benefit do farmers gain by adopting normal agricultural practices?
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What does the term 'Normal Coefficient of destruction' refer to?
What does the term 'Normal Coefficient of destruction' refer to?
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Which factors are considered constituents of environmental resistance?
Which factors are considered constituents of environmental resistance?
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How is environmental resistance expected to affect insect populations?
How is environmental resistance expected to affect insect populations?
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What can lead to the outbreak of pest populations in agro-ecosystems?
What can lead to the outbreak of pest populations in agro-ecosystems?
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Which abiotic factors are known to adversely affect insects at extreme levels?
Which abiotic factors are known to adversely affect insects at extreme levels?
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What is implied by the formula for calculating the Normal Coefficient of destruction?
What is implied by the formula for calculating the Normal Coefficient of destruction?
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What role do natural disturbances play in insect life?
What role do natural disturbances play in insect life?
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Which statement describes the relationship between biotic potential and environmental resistance?
Which statement describes the relationship between biotic potential and environmental resistance?
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What characterizes an epidemic pest?
What characterizes an epidemic pest?
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Which of the following is an example of an endemic pest?
Which of the following is an example of an endemic pest?
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What is a key component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?
What is a key component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?
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What does the term 'economic injury level' refer to in pest management?
What does the term 'economic injury level' refer to in pest management?
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At what temperature do mosquitoes become rare?
At what temperature do mosquitoes become rare?
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What is the reason for the pink boll worm being serious in Punjab?
What is the reason for the pink boll worm being serious in Punjab?
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Who first proposed the concept of managing pest populations in 1961?
Who first proposed the concept of managing pest populations in 1961?
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What behavior do insects exhibit when facing unfavorable temperatures?
What behavior do insects exhibit when facing unfavorable temperatures?
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What does the 'P' in the IPM acronym stand for?
What does the 'P' in the IPM acronym stand for?
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According to the content, which statement is true regarding the role of total agro ecosystem in pest management?
According to the content, which statement is true regarding the role of total agro ecosystem in pest management?
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Which organism migrates at temperatures between 17 to 22°C?
Which organism migrates at temperatures between 17 to 22°C?
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In the context of IPM, why is it important to maintain pest populations below economically damaging levels?
In the context of IPM, why is it important to maintain pest populations below economically damaging levels?
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How do desert insects typically manage their body color to deal with heat?
How do desert insects typically manage their body color to deal with heat?
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What adaptation helps conserve moisture by preventing excessive evaporation?
What adaptation helps conserve moisture by preventing excessive evaporation?
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What is a characteristic feature of some desert beetles that aids in protecting them from hot winds?
What is a characteristic feature of some desert beetles that aids in protecting them from hot winds?
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What anatomical feature aids insects in retaining body moisture?
What anatomical feature aids insects in retaining body moisture?
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Study Notes
Study Notes
- Study Material: Insect Ecology and Integrated Pest Management for Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Course No. Ento.231 (2+1), (2011-12)
Editors and Co-Editors
- Editors: G Raghavaiah (Professor & Head, Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Bapatla) and T Ramesh Babu (Professor & Head, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad)
- Co-Editors: K Hari Prasad, S R Koteswara Rao, P V Krishnayya, K Manjula, P Seetha Ramu, K Sridevi and S Upendhar
Objectives
- General Objective: To impart knowledge of insect ecology and various pest management strategies.
- Specific Objectives (Theory):
- Understanding ecological factors influencing insect development and distribution.
- Knowledge of integrated pest management (IPM) components.
- Understanding insecticide classification and use in pest management.
- Knowledge of mass multiplication techniques for major bio-control agents.
- Knowledge of non-insect pest management.
- Specific Objectives (Practical):
- Knowledge of sampling techniques for estimating insect populations.
- Knowledge of light traps, pheromone traps and insecticides in pest management.
- Identifying biological control agents.
- Knowledge of insecticide formulations and dosage calculation.
- Knowledge of mass multiplication of bio-control agents.
- Identifying nematodes, mites and other non insect pests.
Lecture Outlines (Theory)
- Lecture 1 (ecology): Introduction, autecology, synecology, population, community, environment.
- Lecture 2 (abiotic factors): Temperature, moisture, rainfall, light - their effect on insect development, fecundity, distribution, and movement.
- Lecture 3 (light): Ecology of light; impact on growth, moulting, activity, oviposition and pigmentation.
- Lecture 4 (pest surveillance): Importance of IPM. The evolution of IPM, concepts and principles.
- Lecture 5 (pest surveillance): Pest surveillance, forecasting and marking endemic areas, population dynamics, and key mortality factors.
- Lecture 6 (IPM): Modern concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), advantages and disadvantages.
- Lecture 7 (Host Plant Resistance): Host plant resistance, ecological resistance, host evasion, induced resistance and host escape
- Lecture 8 (Cultural Methods of Pest Control): Normal agricultural practices, adjusting planting times, trap cropping.
- Lecture 9 (Physical Methods of Pest Control): Strategies for controlling pests like use of heat, steam sterilization, and other physical measures.
- Lecture 10 (Biological Control): Introduction, types of biological control (introduction, augmentation, conservation), advantages and disadvantages.
- Lecture 11 (Microbial Control): Role of bacteria, viruses, fungi and nematodes in controlling pests, advantages and disadvantages.
- Lecture 12 (Beneficial Insects): Pollinators, their importance and characteristics of different genera of pollinators and scavengers, advantages and disadvantages
- Lecture 13 (Chemical Control): General properties and classification of insecticides.
- Lecture 14 (Inorganic Insecticides): Arsenic compounds and their use, safety precautions.
- Lecture 15 (Synthetic Organic Insecticides): Chlorinated hydrocarbons (DDT and HCH), Cyclodienes and their classification.
- Lecture 16 (Synthetic Pyrethroids and insecticides of other groups): Types of synthetic pyrethroids, their properties, and methods of control.
- Lecture 17 (Macrocyclic Lactones): Spinosad and Avermectins.
- Lecture 18 (Chitin synthesis inhibitors, Insect hormone mimics, agonists and recent methods of pest control): Methods, properties, and advantages of various chemicals.
- Lecture 19 (Rodenticides And Acaricides): Compounds used to control rodents, their characteristics, properties, types, and safety precautions with respect to use and mixing with other compounds.
- Lecture 20 (Application Techniques of Spray Fluids): Different types of sprays, their properties, advantages, and disadvantages.
- Lecture 21 (History of nematology, economic importance in Agriculture-Classification of Nematihelmenthes) : History of nematology and importance in agriculture.
- Lecture 22 (Functional Systems of Nematodes): Different types of nematodes and the morphology and classification using these factors.
- Lecture 23 (Nematode Biology and Ecology - Types and Complex Diseases): Nematode biology and ecology, parasitism, complex diseases related to nematodes.
- Lecture 24 (Different types of nematodes): Various types of nematodes and their damage to crops, symptoms of infestation and treatment.
- Lecture 25 (Integrated Nematode Management): Host plant resistance, cultural practices, mechanical methods
- Lecture 26 (Different Nematode Management Methods): Physical biological and chemical control.
- Lecture 27 (Mites): Mites – morphological aspects, importance of mites, and vectors of crop diseases
- Lecture 28 (Types of Mites): Important mites and their classifications and properties
- Lecture 29 (Tarsonemidae and Eriophyidae): Classification of families of mites.
- Lecture 30 (House Hold Insects - Rodents): Classification of Rodentia, characteristics of Indian rodents, their damage to crops. Management and chemical control.
- Lecture 31 (Other Non Insect Pests - Birds): Bird species that harm crops, their destructive nature. Methods of controlling birds that harm crops.
- Lecture 32 (Other Domestic Insect Pests - Insects): List and classification of household and livestock pests and how to control these pests.
Practical Information
- Practical exercises to be performed as part of the course.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the physiological and ecological aspects of insects in this quiz. Explore topics such as temperature effects on growth, insect-favorable conditions, and interactions between species. Sharpen your understanding of critical concepts like thermal constants and pest control methods.
