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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'Thysanura' refer to?
What does the term 'Thysanura' refer to?
Silverfish are known for their slow movement and preference for proteins.
Silverfish are known for their slow movement and preference for proteins.
False
What are two examples of insects that belong to the Order Zygentoma?
What are two examples of insects that belong to the Order Zygentoma?
Firebrat and Silverfish
Mayflies belong to the Order __________ and are known for their short lifespan.
Mayflies belong to the Order __________ and are known for their short lifespan.
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Match the order of insects with their characteristic:
Match the order of insects with their characteristic:
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Naiads from the Order Ephemeroptera?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Naiads from the Order Ephemeroptera?
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The Order Odonata includes insects that are primarily herbivores.
The Order Odonata includes insects that are primarily herbivores.
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Name one economic impact of insects in the Order Zygentoma?
Name one economic impact of insects in the Order Zygentoma?
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Which of the following insects belong to the Order Orthoptera?
Which of the following insects belong to the Order Orthoptera?
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The American cockroach is a commonly known species in the Order Blattodea.
The American cockroach is a commonly known species in the Order Blattodea.
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Name one economic impact of insects in the Order Orthoptera.
Name one economic impact of insects in the Order Orthoptera.
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The red-legged grasshopper is a pest and an intermediate host of the tapeworm __________ that infests poultry.
The red-legged grasshopper is a pest and an intermediate host of the tapeworm __________ that infests poultry.
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Match the following cockroach species with their scientific names:
Match the following cockroach species with their scientific names:
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Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with the Order Blattodea?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with the Order Blattodea?
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Insects belonging to the Order Orthoptera are exclusively predatory.
Insects belonging to the Order Orthoptera are exclusively predatory.
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What does the word 'blatta' mean in relation to the Order Blattodea?
What does the word 'blatta' mean in relation to the Order Blattodea?
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Which subclass do rhinoceros beetles belong to?
Which subclass do rhinoceros beetles belong to?
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All insects belong to the subclass Hexapoda.
All insects belong to the subclass Hexapoda.
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What are the two divisions within the subclass Pterygota?
What are the two divisions within the subclass Pterygota?
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The major class of insects, characterized by having six legs, is called ______.
The major class of insects, characterized by having six legs, is called ______.
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Match the following insect orders to their descriptions:
Match the following insect orders to their descriptions:
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Which of the following groups includes bugs and aphids?
Which of the following groups includes bugs and aphids?
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Apterygota consists of winged insects.
Apterygota consists of winged insects.
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Name one order within the division Endopterygota.
Name one order within the division Endopterygota.
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Insects that undergo complete metamorphosis belong to the division ______.
Insects that undergo complete metamorphosis belong to the division ______.
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Which group is characterized by having two-pronged bristletails?
Which group is characterized by having two-pronged bristletails?
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Which order do thrips belong to?
Which order do thrips belong to?
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Thrips are beneficial insects that do not cause harm to plants.
Thrips are beneficial insects that do not cause harm to plants.
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Name one type of mouthparts found in thrips.
Name one type of mouthparts found in thrips.
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Thrips are also known as '______ flies'.
Thrips are also known as '______ flies'.
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Match the following insects with their characteristics:
Match the following insects with their characteristics:
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Which of the following statements about lacewings is correct?
Which of the following statements about lacewings is correct?
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Lacewings possess chewing mouthparts.
Lacewings possess chewing mouthparts.
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What type of traps do antlion larvae construct to catch their prey?
What type of traps do antlion larvae construct to catch their prey?
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Non-predatory species often feed on _____, pollen, and honeydew.
Non-predatory species often feed on _____, pollen, and honeydew.
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Which order includes moths, butterflies, and skippers?
Which order includes moths, butterflies, and skippers?
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All members of the order Hymenoptera are considered pests.
All members of the order Hymenoptera are considered pests.
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Name one economically useful member of the order Lepidoptera.
Name one economically useful member of the order Lepidoptera.
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The order _____ is known for its four membranous wings.
The order _____ is known for its four membranous wings.
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Match the following insects with their classification:
Match the following insects with their classification:
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What is one reason larvae of Lepidoptera species are considered economically important?
What is one reason larvae of Lepidoptera species are considered economically important?
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Most Hymenoptera species are harmful to agriculture.
Most Hymenoptera species are harmful to agriculture.
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What characteristic of the forewings in Hymenoptera is noted?
What characteristic of the forewings in Hymenoptera is noted?
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Study Notes
Insect Orders
- Classification groups individual objects (e.g., insects) by relationships.
- Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms.
- Systematics describes the relationships between organisms.
- A key helps identify unknown organisms.
Insect Dichotomous Key
- A dichotomous key uses a series of paired choices to identify an insect.
- The key examines insect characteristics like wings, wing shape, body type and antennae, etc
- The key guides the user to the correct insect order.
Importance of Insect Identification
- Knowing the insect's name is needed to formulate pest control plans.
- The insect's name provides information about its life cycle, habits, natural enemies, reproduction, and control strategies.
- A species is the fundamental unit of classification and the smallest grouping capable of reproductive.
Morphological Characteristics
- Morphological characteristics are used to distinguish different insect orders.
- These characteristics include head, mouthparts, antennae, compound eyes, legs, wings, and abdomen.
Two Groups in Taxonomy
- Lumpers group related insects into one order.
- Example: Phthiraptera (lice), Mallophaga(chewing lice), Anoplura (sucking lice).
- Splitters divide orders into smaller, more specific groups.
- Example: Mantodea (mantis), Blattodea (cockroaches), Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc.).
Classification of a Specific Insect
- Example: Rhinoceros beetle: Kingdom Animalia; Phylum Arthropoda; Class Insecta; Order Coleoptera; Family Scarabaeidae; Genus Oryctes; Species rhinoceros.
Class Insecta
- Subclass: Apterygota (wingless insects) and Pterygota (winged insects).
- Pterygota is subdivided into Exopterygota (external wings) and Endopterygota (internal wings).
Hexapods Phylogeny
- Shows the evolutionary relationships among insect groups.
- Shows the different classes, subphylums, and orders branched from other insects.
Class Insecta Phylogeny
- Classification and characteristics of different insect groups according to evolutionary origins.
- Includes Apterygota (wingless insects) and Pterygota (winged insects).
Neoptera Phylogeny
- Classification of insects within the Neoptera group, showing the evolutionary relationships and characteristics.
- Contains various insect orders, such as Hemipteroids, Endopterygota etc.
Hemipteroids Phylogeny
- Classification of insect subgroups within Hemipteroids, showing branched evolutionary relationships and distinctions.
Endopterygota Phylogeny
- Classification of insect subgroups within Endopterygota, showing evolutionary relationships and distinctions.
Apterygota: Order Zygentoma
- Old name: Thysanura.
- Characterized by cerci and feelers, rapid movement, and cellulose degradation.
- Economically important as pests, damaging household goods, preferring algae and starchy plant matter.
Pterygota: Palaeoptera
Order Ephemeroptera
- Derived from “ephemera” – short-lived and “ptera” – wings.
- Short lifespan of adult mayflies (example given)
- Beneficial for ecosystem as food to fish.
Pterygota: Palaeoptera
Order Odonata
- Ionic form of “odón” - tooth.
- Distinguished by large compound eyes, and as predators in the wild.
- Examples include damselflies and dragonflies.
- Also a source of food to larger predators
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Phasmatodea
- Insects having a phantom-like cryptic appearance and behavior.
- Includes long, slender antennae, prognathous mouthparts, and reduced/absent wings.
- Camouflage skills (crypsis) as a defense mechanism.
Economic Importance of Insects in Various Orders
- Some insects (e.g., in the Phasmatodea order) are defoliators and cause economic losses in their area.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Orthoptera
- “Orth” meaning straight and “ptera” meaning wing.
- Characterized by the forewing being a parchment-like tegmin, and hind wing being membranous.
- Contains close relatives to grasshoppers and locusts.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Blattodea
- Derived from "blatta", meaning cockroach.
- Front wings known as “tegmina” - thickened, while hind wings are membranous.
- The order includes American, German, and Oriental cockroaches.
- Their economic and pest status is detailed.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Mantodea
- The only insect that can turn its head from side to side.
- Characterized by large, spiny front legs (raptatorial) that are adaptations for catching prey.
- Economic Importance: predatory on detrimental insects.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Dermaptera
- Features tegmen-like forewings, folded to appear small.
- The characteristic cerci (forcep-like) located on the abdomen.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Phthiraptera
- Derived from Greek, "phthir meaning lice and "aptera" - wingless.
- These are permanent, obligate ectoparasites of birds and mammals.
- Suborders of lice are described in detail to identify the species.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Thysanoptera
- Derived from "thysanos"-fringe and "pteron"-wing.
- Smallest winged insects, and characterized by two pairs of fringed wings.
- Contains rasping-sucking mouthparts.
- Economically important as pests to crops, fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Hemiptera
- Features sucking and piercing mouthparts known as “rostrum.”
- Includes shield bugs, true bugs, cicadas, plant hoppers, aphids, whiteflies and scale insects.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Neuroptera
- Net-winged insects with two pairs of wings, and extensive branching of venation.
- All types are predators.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Coleoptera
- "koleos" meaning sheath and "pteron" meaning wing.
- Includes a large number of insect species.
- Forewings (Elytra) are hardened.
- Larvae are referred to as grubs
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Diptera
- Derived from "diplo" or "di" meaning two; characterized by 2 membranous wings and halteres.
- Strong fliers, with some being predators.
- Includes a variety of pests (e.g., fruit flies, leaf miners, stem flies).
- Some are well-known disease transmitters.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Siphonaptera
- Derived from "siphon."
- The order includes only wingless insects.
- Mouthparts are haustellate, and include large bristles on heads and thoraxes.
- Hind legs are enlarged for jumping and include species like oriental rat fleas, female cat fleas, and dog fleas.
- Ectoparasites of mammals and transmit diseases.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Lepidoptera
- Derived from "lepidos" meaning scales.
- Some varieties having nocturnal and diurnal behavior.
- Includes butterflies and moths.
Pterygota: Neoptera
Order Hymenoptera
- Derived from "hymeno" or "hymen" meaning membrane.
- Includes four membranous wings.
- Order is the most beneficial insect group, including sawflies, gall wasps, bees, and ants.
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Description
Test your knowledge of insect orders and identification techniques with this quiz. Learn about classification, taxonomy, and the importance of identifying insects through morphological characteristics and dichotomous keys. Perfect for students interested in entomology and biology.
