15 Questions
What is the definition of input/output (I/O) in the context of an information processing system?
Signals or data received by the system
Which of the following is considered an input device for a computer?
Keyboard
What type of operation do devices like modems and network cards typically perform?
Both input and output
How is 'performing I/O' defined in the context of an information processing system?
Performing an input or output operation
What determines whether a device is classified as an input or output?
The perspective of the observer
What is the reaction of the system called when an interactor interacts with it?
Output
What is the role of printers and monitors in relation to computers?
They convert computer signals into a representation that human users can understand
Why is the combination of the CPU and main memory considered the brain of a computer?
Because it executes instructions and stores data
What does an I/O interface do when a CPU communicates with devices via a bus?
It interprets the device address generated by the processor and implements handshaking
What is the purpose of generating interrupts in relation to input devices?
To signal the CPU for further processing when required
How does a computer that uses memory-mapped I/O access hardware?
By reading and writing to specific memory locations using assembly language instructions
What is an alternative method of accessing hardware besides memory-mapped I/O?
Instruction-based I/O which requires specialized CPU instructions for I/O
Why is it important for an I/O interface to be able to convert serial data to parallel form and vice versa?
To facilitate communication between input and output devices
What does an I/O algorithm aim to do when exchanging data with a secondary storage device?
Exploit locality and perform efficiently
What is the role of handshaking in an I/O interface?
Implementing communication protocols between devices and the CPU
Study Notes
Input/Output (I/O) in Information Processing Systems
- I/O refers to the communication between an information processing system and the outside world, involving the flow of data and instructions into and out of the system.
Input Devices
- Examples of input devices for a computer include keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones.
I/O Operations
- Devices like modems and network cards typically perform data transfer operations, such as sending and receiving data.
Performing I/O
- Performing I/O refers to the process of transferring data between devices and the system's CPU or memory.
Classifying Input and Output Devices
- A device is classified as an input device if it provides data to the system, and as an output device if it receives data from the system.
System Reaction
- When an interactor interacts with the system, the system's reaction is called a response.
Printers and Monitors
- Printers and monitors are examples of output devices, as they receive data from the computer and display or produce a physical output.
CPU and Main Memory
- The combination of the CPU and main memory is considered the brain of a computer, as it performs calculations and stores data.
I/O Interface
- An I/O interface allows a CPU to communicate with devices via a bus, and handles tasks such as data transfer and conversion.
Interrupts and Input Devices
- Generating interrupts allows input devices to signal the CPU that they have data to transfer, interrupting the CPU's current task to process the input.
Memory-Mapped I/O
- Memory-mapped I/O allows a computer to access hardware by mapping device registers to memory addresses.
Alternative I/O Methods
- An alternative method of accessing hardware besides memory-mapped I/O is programmed I/O, where the CPU directly accesses the device.
Data Conversion
- An I/O interface must be able to convert serial data to parallel form and vice versa, as devices may use different data transfer formats.
I/O Algorithms
- An I/O algorithm aims to optimize data exchange between the system and secondary storage devices, such as hard drives.
Handshaking
- Handshaking in an I/O interface refers to the process of negotiating data transfer rates and protocols between devices to ensure reliable data exchange.
Test your knowledge on input/output communication, which involves the exchange of signals or data between an information processing system and the external world, such as humans or other systems.
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