Input Output Management and Communication

It allows for efficient access and processing of buffers in the order they are filled by keeping track of head and tail pointers.

Spooling queues print requests to avoid clashes, allowing the OS to manage and schedule these requests efficiently.

The system clock helps maintain the accurate time of day and facilitates the scheduling of programs to run at specified times.

<p>Clocks enable the tracking of process overruns, allowing the OS to preemptively manage resource allocation effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exclusive addressing prevents conflicts by assigning fixed address ranges for devices, ensuring proper communication with peripherals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caching reduces latency by storing frequently accessed data closer to the CPU, allowing for faster instruction fetches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DMA allows devices to transfer data directly to memory without CPU intervention, freeing up CPU resources for other tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heavy reliance on interrupts can lead to increased overhead and may cause latency due to frequent context switching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interrupt handling allows the CPU to respond immediately to I/O events, improving system responsiveness and efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polling involves the computer systematically checking each device to see if it is ready to communicate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DMA allows devices to transfer data directly to and from memory without CPU intervention, increasing processing efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Types of interrupts include hardware interrupts, software interrupts, and timers interrupts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different I/O operation modes, like polling or interrupts, affect CPU utilization and can either enhance or throttle system performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polling can waste CPU resources by constantly checking device status, leading to inefficiencies when devices are idle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Event-based I/O allows processes to synchronize and wait for specific events, optimizing communication and process flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Character-oriented devices operate at tens of bytes per second, while block-oriented devices are significantly faster and handle more data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main disadvantage is that it is inefficient for slow devices as it causes the CPU to idle, leading to wasted processing time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interrupt-driven I/O allows the CPU to continue executing other tasks while waiting for an I/O operation to complete, improving overall efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interrupt vector dispatches the interrupt to the correct handler by providing the address of the handler routine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maskable interrupts can be ignored or delayed in scenarios where higher priority tasks are being executed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DMA allows devices to transfer data directly to and from memory without continuous CPU involvement, reducing CPU workload and increasing throughput.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polling involves periodically checking the status of an I/O device to see if it is ready for data transfer, which can lead to inefficient CPU usage if the device is slow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During a context switch, the processor saves the state of the current process and loads the state of the interrupt handler to manage the interrupt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interrupt chaining allows multiple devices to signal interrupts using the same number, with the system using a single interrupt handler to manage multiple requests in sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers