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Questions and Answers
Which nerve primarily innervates the anterior compartment of the arm?
Which nerve primarily innervates the anterior compartment of the arm?
The median nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm.
The median nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm.
False
Name the nerve that primarily innervates the adductor compartment of the hand.
Name the nerve that primarily innervates the adductor compartment of the hand.
Ulnar nerve
The interosseous muscles of the hand are innervated by the ______.
The interosseous muscles of the hand are innervated by the ______.
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Match the following nerves with their corresponding muscle groups:
Match the following nerves with their corresponding muscle groups:
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Which nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles of the hand?
Which nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles of the hand?
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True or False: The median nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles involved in finger abduction and adduction.
True or False: The median nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles involved in finger abduction and adduction.
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What two nerves innervate the anterior compartment of the forearm?
What two nerves innervate the anterior compartment of the forearm?
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The ______ branch of the radial nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm.
The ______ branch of the radial nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm.
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Which spinal level is primarily assessed for elbow extension?
Which spinal level is primarily assessed for elbow extension?
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The triceps reflex tests the spinal level C8.
The triceps reflex tests the spinal level C8.
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What is the dermatome tested by assessing the dorsal proximal phalanx of the index finger?
What is the dermatome tested by assessing the dorsal proximal phalanx of the index finger?
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Match the following actions with the corresponding spinal levels:
Match the following actions with the corresponding spinal levels:
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Which spinal level is assessed by evaluating the dorsal proximal phalanx of the thumb?
Which spinal level is assessed by evaluating the dorsal proximal phalanx of the thumb?
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Which reflex is primarily tested to evaluate C7 function?
Which reflex is primarily tested to evaluate C7 function?
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Which finger movement is tested to evaluate the T1 myotome?
Which finger movement is tested to evaluate the T1 myotome?
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What is the primary spinal level tested when assessing middle finger flexion at the distal phalanx?
What is the primary spinal level tested when assessing middle finger flexion at the distal phalanx?
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Assessing the lateral antecubital fossa near the elbow tests which spinal level?
Assessing the lateral antecubital fossa near the elbow tests which spinal level?
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Which nerve is responsible for the flexion of the elbow primarily tested by the biceps reflex?
Which nerve is responsible for the flexion of the elbow primarily tested by the biceps reflex?
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What action is associated with the C5 myotome?
What action is associated with the C5 myotome?
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The triceps reflex assesses the spinal level C6.
The triceps reflex assesses the spinal level C6.
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What movement is tested by the C6 myotome?
What movement is tested by the C6 myotome?
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The reflex test for C7 involves tapping the tendon of the ______.
The reflex test for C7 involves tapping the tendon of the ______.
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Match the myotome level with its corresponding movement:
Match the myotome level with its corresponding movement:
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Which rotator cuff muscle is responsible for initiating abduction of the arm at the shoulder?
Which rotator cuff muscle is responsible for initiating abduction of the arm at the shoulder?
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The Teres Minor is responsible for internally rotating the arm at the shoulder.
The Teres Minor is responsible for internally rotating the arm at the shoulder.
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What is the primary function of the Subscapularis muscle?
What is the primary function of the Subscapularis muscle?
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The Suprascapular nerve innervates both the Supraspinatus and the ______ muscles.
The Suprascapular nerve innervates both the Supraspinatus and the ______ muscles.
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Match each rotator cuff muscle with its corresponding function:
Match each rotator cuff muscle with its corresponding function:
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for initiating abduction of the arm?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for initiating abduction of the arm?
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The Infraspinatus muscle is innervated by the Axillary nerve.
The Infraspinatus muscle is innervated by the Axillary nerve.
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What is the innervation of the Teres Minor muscle?
What is the innervation of the Teres Minor muscle?
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The Suprascapular nerve innervates the _____ and _____ muscles.
The Suprascapular nerve innervates the _____ and _____ muscles.
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Match the following rotator cuff muscles with their corresponding innervation:
Match the following rotator cuff muscles with their corresponding innervation:
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Study Notes
Innervation of the Upper Limb
- Musculocutaneous nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the arm.
- Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm.
- Median nerve is the primary nerve for the thenar compartment of the hand.
- Ulnar nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles.
- Ulnar nerve innervates the interosseous muscles of the hand.
True or False
- False: The radial nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the arm.
- False: The ulnar nerve is responsible for innervating the hypothenar and central compartments of the hand.
- False: The median nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the forearm.
- True: The posterior interosseous nerve, a branch of the radial nerve, innervates the posterior forearm compartment.
Short Answer
- Median and musculocutaneous nerves innervate the anterior compartment of the forearm.
- Ulnar nerve primarily innervates the adductor compartment of the hand.
- Ulnar nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles involved in finger abduction and adduction in the hand.
- Median nerve would likely be tested if there is a suspected injury to the central compartment of the hand.
- The anterior compartment of the forearm and musculocutaneous nerve are involved in flexing the forearm at the elbow.
Innervation of the Upper Limb
- Musculocutaneous nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the arm.
- Posterior interosseous nerve, a branch of the radial nerve, innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm.
- Median nerve is the primary nerve for the thenar compartment of the hand.
- Ulnar nerve is responsible for innervating the hypothenar muscles.
- Ulnar nerve innervates the interosseous muscles of the hand.
True or False
- False. The radial nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the arm.
- False. The ulnar nerve is responsible for innervating the hypothenar compartment and some muscles of the central compartment of the hand.
- False. The median nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the forearm.
- True.
Short Answer
- Median nerve and Musculocutaneous nerve innervate the anterior compartment of the forearm.
- Ulnar nerve primarily innervates the adductor compartment of the hand.
- Ulnar nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles involved in finger abduction and adduction in the hand.
- Median nerve would likely be tested if there is a suspected injury to the central compartment of the hand.
- The anterior compartment of the forearm is involved in flexing forearm at the elbow; the musculocutaneous nerve innervates this action.
Spinal Level Testing
- The lateral antecubital fossa near the elbow is tested to assess C5 spinal level.
- The biceps reflex primarily tests spinal levels C5 and C6.
- C7 is primarily assessed by elbow extension using the triceps muscle group.
- The dorsal proximal phalanx of the thumb is used to test C6 dermatome level.
Myotome Testing
- The T1 spinal level is tested using the little finger abduction myotome.
True or False
- False: The triceps reflex tests the C7 spinal level, not C8.
- True: Middle finger flexion at the distal phalanx is associated with the C8 myotome.
- True: The supinator reflex helps to evaluate the C6 spinal level.
- False: Wrist extension is primarily used to test the C6 spinal level, not both C5 and C6.
Short Answer
- The C7 dermatome is tested by assessing the dorsal proximal phalanx of the middle finger.
- The triceps reflex is tested when evaluating C7 function.
- The little finger abduction movement is assessed to test the T1 myotome, with the abductor digiti minimi muscle primarily involved.
- For C8, the little finger and abduction movement are used to assess the dermatome and myotome, respectively.
Spinal Levels and Reflexes
- C5 spinal level is assessed by checking the lateral antecubital fossa near the elbow.
- The biceps reflex primarily tests the C5 and C6 spinal levels.
- C7 is tested by assessing elbow extension by the triceps muscle.
- The dorsal proximal phalanx of the thumb is used to test the C6 dermatome level.
- Little finger abduction is the myotome test for T1 spinal level.
True or False
- The triceps reflex tests the C7 spinal level, not C8.
- Middle finger flexion at the distal phalanx is associated with the C8 myotome.
- The supinator reflex helps to evaluate the C6 spinal level.
- Wrist extension primarily tests the C6 spinal level, not both C5 and C6.
Short Answer
- The dorsal proximal phalanx of the middle finger is used to test the C7 dermatome.
- The triceps reflex is the reflex tested when evaluating C7 function.
- Little finger abduction is the movement assessed to check the T1 myotome, involving the abductor digiti minimi muscle.
- Little finger is the finger used to check C8 dermatome, while middle finger flexion tests the C8 myotome.
Spinal Level Testing
- The lateral antecubital fossa near the elbow is used to test the C5 spinal level.
- The biceps reflex primarily tests the C5 and C6 spinal levels.
- C7 is primarily assessed by evaluating elbow extension using the triceps muscle.
- The dorsal proximal phalanx of the thumb corresponds to the C6 dermatome level.
- Little finger abduction is the myotome test for the T1 spinal level.
Reflexes and Myotomes
- The triceps reflex is not associated with the C8 spinal level, but rather with C7.
- Middle finger flexion at the distal phalanx is associated with the C8 myotome.
- The supinator reflex helps evaluate the C6 spinal level.
- Wrist extension primarily tests the C6 spinal level, not both C5 and C6.
Dermatome and Myotome Associations
- The dorsal proximal phalanx of the middle finger is tested to assess the C7 dermatome.
- The triceps reflex is used when evaluating C7 function.
- Little finger abduction is the movement assessed to test the T1 myotome, involving the abductor digiti minimi muscle.
- The C8 dermatome is associated with the little finger, while the C8 myotome is assessed by middle finger flexion.
Upper Limb Innervation
- Median nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the arm.
- Ulnar nerve innervates the adductor compartment of the hand.
- Ulnar nerve innervates the interosseous muscles of the hand.
- Ulnar nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles of the hand.
- False: The ulnar nerve, not the median nerve, is responsible for innervating the muscles involved in finger abduction and adduction.
- Median and Musculocutaneous nerves innervate the anterior compartment of the forearm.
- Posterior branch of the radial nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm.
- Musculocutaneous nerve innervates the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles.
- Radial nerve innervates the triceps brachii, anconeus, and brachioradialis muscles.
- Median nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus (lateral half), flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, pronator teres, and palmaris longus muscles.
- Ulnar nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus (medial half), abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi, palmaris brevis muscles.
Spinal Level Assessment
- C7 is primarily assessed for elbow extension.
- C7 is tested by the triceps reflex.
- C6 dermatome is tested by assessing the dorsal proximal phalanx of the index finger.
- T1 myotome test involves little finger abduction.
- C6 is assessed by evaluating the dorsal proximal phalanx of the thumb.
- C6 myotome test is associated with wrist extension.
- C7 function is primarily tested by the triceps reflex.
- T1 myotome evaluates little finger movement.
- C8 is tested when assessing middle finger flexion at the distal phalanx.
- C5 is primarily assessed when testing the biceps reflex.
- C5 is tested by assessing the lateral antecubital fossa near the elbow.
- Musculocutaneous nerve is responsible for the flexion of the elbow primarily tested by the biceps reflex.
- C8 is primarily tested by the triceps reflex.
- C5 and C6 are tested when evaluating the ability to flex the elbow.
Myotome Movements for Testing
- C5 - Arm abduction at the glenohumeral joint (arms out wide)
- C6 - Forearm flexion at the elbow (sniff your wrist)
- C7 - Forearm extension at the elbow (No zombies in heaven)
- C8 - Finger flexion (Isn’t it great)
- T1 - Abduction and adduction of the index, middle, and ring fingers (One and done)
Tendon Reflexes for Unconscious Patient Assessment
- C6 - Biceps reflex - tapping the tendon of the biceps in the cubital fossa
- C7 - Triceps reflex - tapping the triceps tendon posterior to the elbow
Rotator Cuff Muscles
-
The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that surround the shoulder joint.
-
Supraspinatus initiates abduction (raising the arm away from the body) at the shoulder.
- It is innervated by the suprascapular nerve, which is derived from spinal nerve roots C5 and C6.
-
Infraspinatus and Teres Minor both externally rotate the arm at the shoulder.
- Infraspinatus is innervated by the suprascapular nerve (C5, C6).
- Teres Minor is innervated by the axillary nerve (C5, C6).
-
Subscapularis internally rotates the arm at the shoulder.
- It is innervated by the upper and lower subscapular nerves, which are derived from spinal nerve roots C5 and C6.
Rotator Cuff Muscles
- Supraspinatus is innervated by the suprascapular nerve, which originates from spinal nerve roots C5 and C6.
- Infraspinatus is also innervated by the suprascapular nerve, originating from spinal nerve roots C5 and C6.
- Teres minor is innervated by the axillary nerve, which originates from spinal nerve roots C5 and C6.
- Subscapularis is innervated by the upper and lower subscapular nerves originating from spinal nerve roots C5 and C6.
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