1.3 Anatomy (Galvin)

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Questions and Answers

What is the likely affected side of aspiration related to the anatomy of the main bronchi?

  • Right (correct)
  • Left
  • Both are equally affected
  • None of the above

What structures supply the lung lobes?

  • Primary bronchi
  • Lobar bronchi (correct)
  • Segmental bronchi
  • Secondary bronchi

What is the last portion of conducting airways with mucous glands or consistent cartilage known as?

  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Segmental bronchi (correct)
  • Lobar bronchi
  • Respiratory bronchioles

Where do bronchopulmonary segments derive their blood supply from?

<p>Both pulmonary arteries and bronchial arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veins drain the proximal part of the root of the lung?

<p>Bronchial veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of bronchioles typically?

<p>~1 mm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the differences between left and right main bronchi?

<p>The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left main bronchus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are respiratory bronchioles located?

<p>Both conducting and respiratory zones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of bronchopulmonary segments?

<p>Each segment has its own air supply, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage, making it a functional and surgical unit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supplies intrapulmonary structures proximal to the terminal bronchioles and connective tissue septa?

<p>Bronchial arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the venous drainage of bronchioles affect the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood?

<p>It decreases the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does bronchial venous drainage occur?

<p>Atypical Bronchial veins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides the motor and sensory innervation of the lungs?

<p>Pulmonary plexuses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do bronchopulmonary anastomoses occur between?

<p>Bronchial capillaries and pulmonary capillaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the smooth muscle of bronchi compare to that of bronchioles?

<p>Bronchi have more smooth muscle than bronchioles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells affect respiratory airways and can release chemical mediators?

<p>Club and mast cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of an acinus?

<p>A unit consisting of terminal bronchioles and associated alveoli. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are found in an adult alveolus and what is their function?

<p>Alveolar macrophages - phagocytosis of foreign particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some characteristics of respiratory epithelium?

<p>Non-ciliated with abundant goblet cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the circulation of bronchi?

<p>Receives blood from the pulmonary arteries and drains into the pulmonary veins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are specialized for gas exchange in the alveoli?

<p>Type I epithelial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures give rise to clusters of alveoli that open into sacs in the respiratory zone?

<p>Alveolar ducts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do mast cells in the connective tissue of airways contain in their secretory granules?

<p>Inflammatory mediators like histamine and proteoglycans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fibers provide weak motor effect on airway diameter but do produce vasoconstriction and inhibition of gland secretion?

<p>Sympathetic (adrenergic) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant balance to the excitatory cholinergic system in the neural control of airways?

<p>Non-adrenergic/non-cholinergic (NANC) system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone signaling results in relaxation of airway smooth muscle during 'flight or fight' circumstances?

<p>Epinephrine/Norepinephrine (Epi/NE) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are replaced by Club cells in the terminal bronchioles?

<p>Goblet cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is part of the lung supplied by a single 1st order respiratory bronchiole and all structures to and including the alveolar sac?

<p>Acinus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cells prevent leakage into the alveolar space through tight junctions?

<p>Type I Alveolar cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fibers may weakly bronchodilate in the airways?

<p>Sympathetic fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the metabolism of surfactant in the alveoli?

<p>Type II alveolar epithelial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lamellar bodies in the alveoli?

<p>Production of surfactant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process converts the released lamellar body material into the phospholipid surface film in the alveoli?

<p>Tubular myelin formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of surfactant in the alveoli?

<p>Prevention of alveolar collapse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type takes up surfactant through endocytosis in the alveoli?

<p>Alveolar macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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