1.3 Anatomy (Galvin)
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Questions and Answers

What is the likely affected side of aspiration related to the anatomy of the main bronchi?

  • Right (correct)
  • Left
  • Both are equally affected
  • None of the above

    • What structures supply the lung lobes?

  • Primary bronchi
  • Lobar bronchi (correct)
  • Segmental bronchi
  • Secondary bronchi

    • What is the last portion of conducting airways with mucous glands or consistent cartilage known as?

  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Segmental bronchi (correct)
  • Lobar bronchi
  • Respiratory bronchioles

    • Where do bronchopulmonary segments derive their blood supply from?

    <p>Both pulmonary arteries and bronchial arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins drain the proximal part of the root of the lung?

    <p>Bronchial veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of bronchioles typically?

    <p>~1 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the differences between left and right main bronchi?

    <p>The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left main bronchus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are respiratory bronchioles located?

    <p>Both conducting and respiratory zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of bronchopulmonary segments?

    <p>Each segment has its own air supply, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage, making it a functional and surgical unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What supplies intrapulmonary structures proximal to the terminal bronchioles and connective tissue septa?

    <p>Bronchial arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the venous drainage of bronchioles affect the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood?

    <p>It decreases the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does bronchial venous drainage occur?

    <p>Atypical Bronchial veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the motor and sensory innervation of the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary plexuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bronchopulmonary anastomoses occur between?

    <p>Bronchial capillaries and pulmonary capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the smooth muscle of bronchi compare to that of bronchioles?

    <p>Bronchi have more smooth muscle than bronchioles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells affect respiratory airways and can release chemical mediators?

    <p>Club and mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of an acinus?

    <p>A unit consisting of terminal bronchioles and associated alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are found in an adult alveolus and what is their function?

    <p>Alveolar macrophages - phagocytosis of foreign particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some characteristics of respiratory epithelium?

    <p>Non-ciliated with abundant goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the circulation of bronchi?

    <p>Receives blood from the pulmonary arteries and drains into the pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are specialized for gas exchange in the alveoli?

    <p>Type I epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures give rise to clusters of alveoli that open into sacs in the respiratory zone?

    <p>Alveolar ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do mast cells in the connective tissue of airways contain in their secretory granules?

    <p>Inflammatory mediators like histamine and proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fibers provide weak motor effect on airway diameter but do produce vasoconstriction and inhibition of gland secretion?

    <p>Sympathetic (adrenergic)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant balance to the excitatory cholinergic system in the neural control of airways?

    <p>Non-adrenergic/non-cholinergic (NANC) system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone signaling results in relaxation of airway smooth muscle during 'flight or fight' circumstances?

    <p>Epinephrine/Norepinephrine (Epi/NE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are replaced by Club cells in the terminal bronchioles?

    <p>Goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is part of the lung supplied by a single 1st order respiratory bronchiole and all structures to and including the alveolar sac?

    <p>Acinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells prevent leakage into the alveolar space through tight junctions?

    <p>Type I Alveolar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fibers may weakly bronchodilate in the airways?

    <p>Sympathetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the metabolism of surfactant in the alveoli?

    <p>Type II alveolar epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lamellar bodies in the alveoli?

    <p>Production of surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process converts the released lamellar body material into the phospholipid surface film in the alveoli?

    <p>Tubular myelin formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of surfactant in the alveoli?

    <p>Prevention of alveolar collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type takes up surfactant through endocytosis in the alveoli?

    <p>Alveolar macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

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