Innate vs Adaptive Immunity Quiz

The defense system that is always present in healthy individuals and provides an immediate response against infections.

The defense system that develops slowly after exposure to specific infections and provides more specialized protection.

Specialized white blood cells that engulf and destroy microbes.

A group of proteins that work together to destroy microbes by complementing the immune system.

Lymphocytes that are part of the innate immune system and help fight infection.

Secreted proteins produced by B lymphocytes that bind to and neutralize microbes, preventing them from entering cells and causing infection.

A type of immune response that involves the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes to eliminate extracellular microbes.

A type of immune response that involves T lymphocytes directly attacking infected cells or activating phagocytes to destroy ingested microbes.

Specific molecules that are recognized by the immune system as foreign and trigger an immune response.

The process by which the immune system is stimulated to create a specific immune response.

The ability of the immune system to respond to a wide range of antigens.

A type of lymphocyte that has not been activated by an antigen.

The ability of the immune system to remember prior exposures to specific antigens.

The first exposure to an antigen and the immune response it triggers.

The immune response triggered by a subsequent exposure to the same antigen.

A long-lived cell that 'remembers' a previous exposure to an antigen.

The increased effectiveness and speed of the immune response due to prior exposure to an antigen.

The process by which specific lymphocytes are selected and expanded to fight a particular antigen.

Lymphocytes with diverse receptors arise in generative lymphoid organs, creating clones of lymphocytes. These clones encounter antigens in lymphoid tissues and are activated (selected) by specific antigens.

Clones of mature lymphocytes specific for various antigens enter lymphoid tissues.

A population of lymphocytes with identical antigen receptors and specificities, all derived from one precursor cell.

Specific clones of lymphocytes are activated by antigens, leading to proliferation and differentiation.

Antigen-specific immune responses occur, resulting in the production of antibodies and other immune responses.

Mature lymphocytes with receptors for many antigens develop before encountering these antigens. This ensures a wide range of potential targets.

A large number of lymphocytes capable of destroying microbes are needed to mount an effective defense.

Lymphocytes have to be able to recognize and eliminate a wide variety of microbes.

Specialized blood vessels that allow lymphocytes to enter lymph nodes from the bloodstream.

Chemical messengers that attract specific types of immune cells to different areas within lymph nodes, directing their movement.

Specialized immune cells that capture antigens from tissues and migrate to lymph nodes to present them to T cells, initiating an immune response.

A central region within a lymph node follicle where activated B cells proliferate and differentiate into antibody-producing cells.

Lymphocytes that are already primed to recognize specific antigens, providing a faster and more effective immune response upon re-exposure.

Specialized lymphocytes that suppress the activity of other T cells, preventing excessive immune responses and autoimmune diseases.

The segregation of T and B lymphocytes into distinct areas within the lymph node, optimizing their interactions and immune responses.

The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens while tolerating the presence of harmless commensal microbes.

A chemokine receptor expressed on naive T lymphocytes that recognizes chemokines produced in the paracortex of lymph nodes and the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths of the spleen, guiding their migration to these areas.

Molecules expressed on the surface of naive T lymphocytes that bind to chemokines displayed on HEV surfaces, promoting their entry into the lymph node.

The structural organization of lymphoid organs prevents the interaction of naive T and B lymphocytes until they have been activated by antigens.

Activated T cells express different chemokine receptors that direct their migration to the follicle edges, where they interact with activated B cells for immune response coordination.

The process of activating T and B lymphocytes in response to antigens, leading to the migration of activated T cells to the follicle edges and interaction with B cells, ultimately culminating in antibody production.

Antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, capture antigens and present them to naive T cells in the lymph nodes, initiating the immune response.

The process by which naive T lymphocytes leave the blood and enter the lymph nodes through HEVs, driven by chemokines and adhesion molecules, which facilitates their interaction with antigens and the initiation of the immune response.