Innate vs Adaptive Immunity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one key characteristic of innate immunity?

  • It provides specific defense against infections.
  • It is a newer evolutionary development than adaptive immunity.
  • It is always present in healthy individuals. (correct)
  • It requires prior exposure to pathogens.

    • How does adaptive immunity differ from innate immunity?

  • It provides immediate defense against infections.
  • It requires the expansion and differentiation of lymphocytes. (correct)
  • It utilizes the same mechanisms as innate immunity.
  • It is phylogenetically older.

    • Which of the following cells is involved in innate immunity?

  • B lymphocytes
  • T lymphocytes
  • Natural killer cells (correct)
  • Plasma cells

    • What is the role of phagocytes in innate immunity?

    <p>They directly attack microbes that enter host tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes adaptive immunity?

    <p>It evolves and becomes more effective after exposure to pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of antibodies in humoral immunity?

    <p>To stop microbes from colonizing host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do T lymphocytes recognize infected cells in cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>By recognizing microbial antigens on host cell surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is described as being mediated by T lymphocytes?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes T cells from B cells in their recognition of antigens?

    <p>T cells primarily recognize protein antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is conferred by the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another?

    <p>Passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of phagocytes in immune response?

    <p>To destroy ingested microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of the immune system ensures distinct antigens elicit specific responses?

    <p>Specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant limitation of antibodies regarding intracellular microbes?

    <p>They cannot access microbes living within host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clone in the context of lymphocytes?

    <p>A population of lymphocytes with identical antigen receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are antigen-specific clones of lymphocytes activated?

    <p>By encountering antigens that match their receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do generative lymphoid organs play in the immune response?

    <p>They generate diverse lymphocyte clones with various receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of clonal selection in the adaptive immune response?

    <p>The proliferation and differentiation of antigen-specific lymphocyte clones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphocyte is specifically mentioned in the context of antibody secretion?

    <p>B lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily selected by antigen during clonal selection?

    <p>Pre-existing clones of specific lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the mature lymphocyte clones after they enter lymphoid tissues?

    <p>They proliferate and respond to antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the specificity and diversity of lymphocytes?

    <p>They are pre-existing and specific for many different antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of adaptive immunity allows for a broad response to various antigens?

    <p>Marked expansion of the lymphocyte pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to naive lymphocytes when they encounter an antigen for the first time?

    <p>They are stimulated to become memory lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benefit does immunologic memory provide to the immune system?

    <p>Faster, larger and more effective responses to subsequent exposures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immune response characterized by?

    <p>The initial response of naive lymphocytes to their first encounter with an antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many naive lymphocytes are estimated to be specific for any one antigen?

    <p>1 in 10,000 to 1 in 100,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of selection mechanisms in adaptive immunity?

    <p>To preserve the most useful lymphocytes after exposure to antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a secondary immune response?

    <p>Response from memory lymphocytes to a repeated antigen exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding naive lymphocytes is incorrect?

    <p>They have previously encountered an antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What receptor do naive T lymphocytes express that allows them to migrate to specific regions in lymph nodes and spleen?

    <p>CCR7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do plasma cells contribute to the immune response?

    <p>They secrete antibodies into the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facilitates the interaction between B cells and activated helper T cells during an immune response?

    <p>Chemokines produced in the T cell zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of venules do naive T lymphocytes enter lymph nodes through?

    <p>High endothelial venules (HEVs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of chemokine receptors on T lymphocytes during their activation?

    <p>To migrate towards antigen-presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when lymphocytes are activated by antigens?

    <p>They change their expression of chemokine receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the specialized postcapillary venules in lymph nodes?

    <p>They allow lymphocyte entry into lymph nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do plasma cells in mucosal organs secrete antibodies?

    <p>Into the lumens of these organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dendritic cells in lymph nodes?

    <p>To migrate through afferent lymphatic vessels and present antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are B lymphocytes primarily located within the lymph nodes?

    <p>In the follicles within the cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes T lymphocytes from B lymphocytes in the tissue sections described?

    <p>B lymphocytes are stained green, while T lymphocytes are stained red.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of germinal centers within lymph node follicles?

    <p>They are involved in the production of antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do mucosal and cutaneous immune systems not react to commensal microbes?

    <p>Regulatory T cells suppress their activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do naive B and T lymphocytes enter the lymph nodes?

    <p>Through high endothelial venules (HEVs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about lymphocyte segregation is true?

    <p>The anatomic segregation occurs in both lymph nodes and the spleen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lymphocytes mainly populate mucosal tissues?

    <p>Memory T cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to the Immune System

    • Immunity is resistance to disease, particularly infectious diseases
    • The immune system comprises cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate resistance to infections
    • An immune response involves the coordinated reaction of cells and molecules to infectious microbes
    • Immunology is the study of the immune system and its responses to pathogens and damaged tissues

    Innate and Adaptive Immunity

    • Innate immunity provides immediate protection against microbial invasion
    • Adaptive immunity (also specific or acquired immunity) develops more slowly but provides more specialized protection against infections
    • Innate immunity is always present in healthy individuals
    • Adaptive immunity requires expansion and differentiation of lymphocytes to respond to microbes

    Role of the Immune System

    • Defense against infections
    • Defense against tumors
    • Tissue repair
    • Initiating inflammatory responses to pathogens/infection
    • Barrier to transplantation and gene therapy

    Types of Adaptive Immunity

    • Humoral immunity, mediated by antibodies produced by B lymphocytes, defends against extracellular microbes
    • Cell-mediated immunity, mediated by T lymphocytes, defends against intracellular microbes

    Properties of Adaptive Immune Responses

    • Specificity: Distinguishes among millions of different antigens
    • Diversity: Enables response to a large variety of antigens
    • Memory: Leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same antigen
    • Clonal expansion: Increases the number of antigen-specific lymphocytes
    • Specialization: Optimizes responses for different microbes
    • Contraction and homeostasis: Allows the system to respond to new antigens
    • Non-reactivity to self: Prevents injury to the host during responses

    Cells of the Immune System

    • Lymphocytes:
      • B lymphocytes: mediate humoral immunity
      • T lymphocytes: mediate cell-mediated immunity
    • Antigen-presenting cells (APCs):
      • Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells capture and present antigens to lymphocytes
    • Effector cells:
      • T lymphocytes; macrophages; granulocytes
      • These cells function in eliminating antigens (e.g., microbes)

    Tissues of the Immune System

    • Generative lymphoid organs: These are where T and B lymphocytes mature (i.e., bone marrow and thymus)
    • Peripheral lymphoid organs: Sites where adaptive immune responses are initiated (includes lymph nodes, spleen, mucosa)
    • Key functions and types of tissue in the immune response

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    Related Documents

    Introduction to the Immune System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key characteristics of innate and adaptive immunity. This quiz covers the differences between these two types of immune responses, as well as the specific cells involved in innate immunity. Challenge yourself to understand the essential roles of phagocytes and other immune mechanisms.

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