Innate Immunity Overview

Which of the following bacterial structures is recognized by TLR on macrophages?

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are----

Which of the following enhance phagocytosis?

Which of the following cells phagocytose pathogens?

Which of the following are viral PAMPs?

Which of the following is related to innate immunity?

Which of the following is considered a non-specific defense to a pathogen?

Which of the following best describes defensins?

Which of the following best describes lactoferrin?

Which of the following cells has role in process of antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

Innate Immunity

Bacterial Structure Recognition by Macrophages: Peptidoglycan, a bacterial component, is recognized by TLRs (Toll-like receptors) on macrophages.
Toll-like Receptors (TLRs): TLRs are glycoproteins crucial to the innate immune system.
Phagocytosis Enhancement: PAMPs (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns) and opsonins enhance phagocytosis by immune cells.
Phagocytic Cells: Macrophages are involved in phagocytosing pathogens. Natural killer cells are also part of the innate immune response, but not directly phagocytic.
Viral PAMPs: Viral particles are recognized through their nucleic acids (like DNA or RNA) which are considered viral PAMPs.

Innate Immunity (Continued)

Innate Immunity Components: Complement activation (alternative pathway), is a key component related to innate immunity.
Non-Specific Defense Against Pathogens: Innate immunity also includes mechanisms like the action of proteolytic enzymes in the small intestine.
Defensins: Defensins are proteins that create pores in bacterial membranes, contributing to pathogen destruction.
Lactoferrin: Lactoferrin is a protein that inhibits bacterial growth by depriving them of iron.
Antibody Dependent Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC): Natural killer cells (NK cells) play a role in ADCC, a crucial part of the immune response where antibody-coated pathogens are destroyed by immune cells.

This quiz delves into the essential components of innate immunity, focusing on the role of macrophages, Toll-like receptors, and phagocytosis. Key concepts include the recognition of bacterial structures and viral PAMPs, as well as the mechanisms of non-specific defense against pathogens. Test your understanding of how the innate immune system operates!