Podcast
Questions and Answers
What best describes the function of physical barriers in innate immunity?
What best describes the function of physical barriers in innate immunity?
Which of the following is NOT considered a chemical/organismal barrier in innate immunity?
Which of the following is NOT considered a chemical/organismal barrier in innate immunity?
Which statement about pathogens is correct?
Which statement about pathogens is correct?
Which component is part of the innate immune system's response to pathogens?
Which component is part of the innate immune system's response to pathogens?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of commensal bacteria in innate immunity?
What is the role of commensal bacteria in innate immunity?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cells are primarily involved in the innate immune response?
What type of cells are primarily involved in the innate immune response?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the innate immune system primarily respond to pathogens?
How does the innate immune system primarily respond to pathogens?
Signup and view all the answers
What are Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) used for?
What are Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) used for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the innate immune cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the innate immune cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do lymph nodes play in the lymphatic system?
What role do lymph nodes play in the lymphatic system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cells are derived from the myeloid lineage?
Which cells are derived from the myeloid lineage?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately describes the timing of the innate immune response?
Which statement accurately describes the timing of the innate immune response?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary function of macrophages in the immune system?
What is a primary function of macrophages in the immune system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following types of PRRs is NOT mentioned as being strategically localized within cells?
Which of the following types of PRRs is NOT mentioned as being strategically localized within cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines the interaction of PAMPs with PRRs in innate immune cells?
What defines the interaction of PAMPs with PRRs in innate immune cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Sterile inflammation occurs in the absence of which of the following?
Sterile inflammation occurs in the absence of which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following recognizes Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs)?
Which of the following recognizes Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one characteristic of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)?
What is one characteristic of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a downstream effect of PAMP-PRR interaction in innate immune cells?
Which of the following is a downstream effect of PAMP-PRR interaction in innate immune cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to a cell undergoing necrosis as opposed to apoptosis?
What happens to a cell undergoing necrosis as opposed to apoptosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following PRRs is primarily responsible for recognizing nucleic acids of pathogens?
Which of the following PRRs is primarily responsible for recognizing nucleic acids of pathogens?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism by which innate immune cells eliminate pathogens?
What is the primary mechanism by which innate immune cells eliminate pathogens?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptor type plays a crucial role in recognizing PAMPs and initiating phagocytosis?
Which receptor type plays a crucial role in recognizing PAMPs and initiating phagocytosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of opsonins in phagocytosis?
What is the role of opsonins in phagocytosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure forms when lysosomes fuse with a phagosome to digest a pathogen?
What structure forms when lysosomes fuse with a phagosome to digest a pathogen?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following cells are considered professional phagocytes?
Which of the following cells are considered professional phagocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of phagocytosis in the immune response?
What is the significance of phagocytosis in the immune response?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the actin-myosin contractile system contribute to phagocytosis?
How does the actin-myosin contractile system contribute to phagocytosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of molecules are usually not exposed to immune cells under normal conditions?
What type of molecules are usually not exposed to immune cells under normal conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Innate Immunity & Inflammation
- Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens.
- Inflammation is a response to tissue damage or infection.
- Pathogens are organisms that cause disease in a host. These can be cellular or non-cellular. Examples include bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and prions.
- Barriers within the body include physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes, cilia), and chemical/biological barriers (sweat, saliva, enzymes, antimicrobial peptides).
- Lymphatic system is crucial for transporting lymph and concentrating lymphocytes. It includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic tissues.
- Immune cells are strategically located in lymphoid tissues to intercept and destroy invaders.
- Cells involved in the innate immune response are often phagocytic and derived from the myeloid lineage. These include monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, mast cells, granulocytes (basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils). Some T cells also possess innate-like properties.
- Cells of the innate immune system respond quickly (within minutes-hours). These responses are non-specific and don't generate memory.
- Cells use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on invading microbes. These receptors initiate pathways for cell activation, and elimination of the pathogen. Examples of PRRs include TLRs, NLRs, RLRs, and CLRs.
- Phagocytosis is a critical mechanism innate immune cells use to eliminate pathogens. This involves a number of steps. Once a pathogen or debris is recognized by a PAMP-PRR interaction, the pathogen is phagocytosed and destroyed through the action of digestive enzymes in the phagolysosomes.
- Sterile inflammation occurs when innate immune responses are triggered in the absence of infection. In these cases, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) signal inflammation. Examples of DAMPs include proteins, DNA, RNA, and ATP released due to cell damage.
Learning Objectives
- Describe characteristics of innate immunity.
- Describe natural barriers that inhibit infections.
- Describe cellular mechanisms in innate immunity.
- Describe inflammation and inflammatory mediators.
Lymphocytes & Lymphoid Tissues
- These include lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids, appendix, and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).
- Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell responsible for adaptive immunity.
- These cells mature in the bone marrow and thymus
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of innate immunity and the inflammatory response in this quiz. Learn about the body's first line of defense against pathogens, the various immune cells involved, and the role of the lymphatic system. Test your knowledge of key terms and processes that protect the body from disease.
