Innate Immune Defenses in the Body
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes the steady state (plateau) phase of antibody production?

  • Gradual decline in antibody levels
  • Shortened lag period
  • Rapid increase in antibody levels
  • Constant antibody levels (correct)

What is the main characteristic of the exponential phase of antibody production?

  • Constant antibody levels
  • Shortened lag period
  • Rapid increase in antibody levels (correct)
  • Gradual decline in antibody levels

Why does the antibody level gradually decline during the B-declining phase?

  • Decreased production of plasma cells (correct)
  • Rapid antigen entry
  • Constant secretion and degradation of antibodies
  • Increased production of new plasma cells

What is the term used for immune responses induced by a similar antigen during subsequent encounters?

<p>Secondary immune responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the lag period shorten during secondary immune responses?

<p>Memory response from previous exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do secondary immune responses have on eliminating antigens?

<p>Immediate elimination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do sweat glands play in the body's defense against infections?

<p>Secretion of sweat washes infections off due to high salt content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contains anti-bacterial properties due to lysozymes?

<p>Tears (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gut flora in preventing infections?

<p>Secrete toxic substances to kill pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do phagocytic white blood cells contribute to defense against infections?

<p>Engulf and digest pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of specific immunity (Adaptive Immunity) in combating infections?

<p>Involves production of antibodies against specific antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does mucus contribute to the body's defense system?

<p>Traps infectious agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Specific Immunity from Non-specific Immunity?

<p>Specific immunity is effective against all invaders, while non-specific immunity is a highly focused response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity does not form a defensive memory?

<p>Specific immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the complement system in the immune system?

<p>To attack pathogens and kill cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does a primary immune response occur?

<p>When an antigen enters the body for the first time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the proteins of the complement system usually found in the blood?

<p>Inactive precursors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is primarily responsible for synthesizing the proteins of the complement system?

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the lag phase in primary immune responses?

<p>It is the period when T cells and B cells are activated by immunogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an antigen associates with one of the complement proteins?

<p>It turns the protein into an effective form for attacking pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are involved in non-specific immunity?

<p>Macrophages and T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final compound formed by the series of reactions in the complement system?

<p>Membrane attack complex (C5-C9) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes naturally acquired immunity from artificially acquired immunity?

<p>Naturally acquired immunity occurs without intentional intervention, while artificially acquired immunity results from vaccination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>The lag phase is shorter in the secondary response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity involves the activation of phagocytes and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes?

<p>Cell-mediated immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the protective function of immunization in humoral immunity?

<p>Function in the humor (fluid or serum) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells does cell-mediated immunity primarily target?

<p>Virus-infected cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cell-mediated immunity in defending against infections?

<p>Activating macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is cell-mediated immunity particularly effective against?

<p>Virus-infected cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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