Innate Host Defences Introduction Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of innate host defences?

  • Create a barrier to prevent the entry of microorganisms
  • Respond to specific antigens
  • Produce antibodies to fight infections
  • Act against any invading agent without previous exposure (correct)

    • Which type of defence is considered the body's first line of defence?

  • Molecular defences
  • Cellular defences
  • Adaptive (specific) defences
  • Innate (non-specific) defences (correct)

    • What are examples of innate host defences?

  • Skin, enzymes, phagocytes, inflammation (correct)
  • B-cells, cellular barriers, adaptive responses, cytokines
  • Antibodies, antigens, fever, complement system
  • Mucus membranes, interferons, saliva, T-cells

    • What distinguishes adaptive defences from innate defences?

    <p>They respond to specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is characterized by granular cytoplasm and irregular lobed nuclei, and is important for inflammation and allergic reactions?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bodily substance acts as a barrier against intestinal pathogens due to its very low pH?

    <p>Stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte increases during allergies and worm infections, and releases defensive chemicals against worms?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lymphocytes are very important for adaptive immunity?

    <p>B-Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells change and mature into macrophages that destroy microbes and other larger particles?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes are the major phagocytic cells that protect the skin, blood, and mucous membranes from infections?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of natural killer (NK) cells?

    <p>Release cytotoxic substances for innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bodily substance can flush microbes from the eyes and mouth?

    <p>Tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is adaptive (acquired) immunity defined?

    <p>The ability of the host to build a defence against a specific pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes naturally acquired adaptive immunity?

    <p>Obtained by having a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes active immunity?

    <p>Created when the person’s own immune system builds it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents artificially acquired adaptive immunity?

    <p>Obtained by receiving an antigen by injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of innate immunity?

    <p>Immunity produced by the host against pathogens regardless of their type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes passive immunity?

    <p>Obtained from outside the body, such as through immune serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between naturally acquired active immunity and artificially acquired active immunity?

    <p>Naturally acquired active immunity is produced through exposure to infectious agents, while artificially acquired active immunity is obtained through vaccination with inactive, weakened, or dead organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hapten in eliciting an immune response?

    <p>Hapten acts as an epitope on the surface of proteins, inducing an immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antibodies in the immune system?

    <p>Antibodies bind to specific epitopes on antigens, marking them for destruction by phagocytes or complement proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>Transporting digested fats to the cardiovascular system and providing innate and adaptive defenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes antigens?

    <p>Most antigens are large proteins, with some being polysaccharides or glycoproteins, and each antigen has several antigenic determinants known as epitopes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes artificially acquired passive immunity?

    <p>It involves introducing antivenin produced in another animal, such as horses or rabbits, into a patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes passive immunity from active immunity?

    <p>Passive immunity involves ready-made antibodies introduced into the body, while active immunity is produced by the host's immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an epitope?

    <p>The specific area on an antigen that binds to antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leukocytes are characterized by granular cytoplasm and irregular lobed nuclei, and are important for inflammation and allergic reactions?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hapten and how does it interact with proteins?

    <p><strong>Hapten</strong> is a small molecule that elicits an immune response when it binds to a large protein. It acts as an <strong>epitope</strong> on the surface of proteins. Hapten alone or the protein alone cannot induce an immune response. For example, penicillin acts as a hapten; it binds to body proteins and elicits allergy reactions which are immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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