Questions and Answers
What is the anatomic position?
What is flexion?
Movement along the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of a joint
What is extension?
Movement along the sagittal plane that increases the angle of a joint
Define dorsiflexion.
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Define plantar flexion.
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What is abduction?
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What is adduction?
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Define circumduction.
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What does rotation mean?
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Define supination.
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Define pronation.
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What is inversion?
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What is eversion?
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Define protraction and retraction.
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Elevation is lifting a body part _____, while depression is moving the elevated body part _____
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What is opposition?
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Bilateral pertains to one side of the body.
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What is the mechanism of injury?
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What are complications of MOI?
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What is force?
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Injury is caused by _____
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What are the two potential effects on a target object when a force acts?
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What are the two primary factors that determine if injury occurs?
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Define yield point (elastic limit).
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What does anisotropic mean?
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What is axial force?
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Define compression.
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What is tensile force/tension?
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Define shear.
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What is stress?
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Define acute injury.
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Define chronic injury.
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What is collagen?
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Study Notes
Anatomic Terminology
- Anatomic Position: Body is erect, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward.
- Flexion: Decreases joint angle in the sagittal plane.
- Extension: Increases joint angle in the sagittal plane.
- Dorsiflexion: Foot is lifted towards the shin.
- Plantar Flexion: Foot is depressed away from the shin.
Movement in Planes
- Abduction: Limb moves away from body’s midline in the frontal plane.
- Adduction: Limb moves towards body’s midline in the frontal plane.
- Circumduction: Combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction; distal end moves in a circle while the proximal end remains stable.
- Rotation: Bone turns around its own long axis.
Forearm and Foot Movements
- Supination: Forearm rotation causes palm to face anteriorly or superiorly.
- Pronation: Forearm rotation causes palm to face posteriorly or inferiorly.
- Inversion: Sole of the foot turns medially.
- Eversion: Sole of the foot turns laterally.
Specialized Movements
- Protraction & Retraction: Transverse plane movements.
- Elevation & Depression: Elevation lifts a body part superiorly; depression moves it inferiorly.
- Opposition: Thumb touches tips of fingers at the joint of the first metacarpal.
Injury Concepts
- Bilateral: Pertaining to both sides of the body.
- Mechanism of Injury (MOI): Process through which an injury occurs.
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Complications of MOI:
- Forces applied at various angles and durations.
- Different tissues respond uniquely to stress.
- Injuries range from mild to severe.
Forces and Effects
- Force: Push or pull acting on an object.
- Injury Causes: Result from abnormal forces.
- Effects of Force: Can lead to acceleration (change in velocity) or deformation (change in shape).
Factors Influencing Injury
- Two Primary Factors for Injury Occurrence: Magnitude of force and tissue properties.
- Yield Point (Elastic Limit): Maximum load without permanent change.
- Anisotropic: Structure has varying strength against forces based on direction.
Types of Forces
- Axial Force: Acts along a structure's long axis.
- Compression: Squeezing effect due to axial loading.
- Tensile Force/Tension: Opposing compression, can lead to sprains.
- Shear: Force that slides one part of an object past another.
Mechanical Concepts
- Stress: Force distribution within a body; calculated as force per unit area.
Injury Classification
- Acute Injury: Sudden onset from a single force; follows a predictable healing process.
- Chronic Injury: Develops over time from repetitive stress; can lead to pain and inflammation over long periods.
Connective Tissue
- Collagen: Major component of connective tissue; strong in tension. Features a wavy structure when not under stress, allowing slight stretching under tension.
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Description
This quiz covers key terms related to the mechanisms and classifications of injuries, including anatomical positions and types of joint movements. Each flashcard provides essential definitions to help you understand the fundamental concepts in injury assessment. Perfect for students and professionals in healthcare and sports science.