Injury Mechanism & Classification Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the anatomic position?

Body lying down with arms crossed

Body is erect, facing forward, with arms at the side and palms facing forward (correct)

Body facing sideways with arms up

Body facing backward

What is flexion?

Movement along the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of a joint

What is extension?

Movement along the sagittal plane that increases the angle of a joint

Define dorsiflexion.

Lifting the foot up towards the shin Signup and view all the answers

Define plantar flexion.

Depressing the foot away from the shin Signup and view all the answers

What is abduction?

Movement along the frontal plane whereby the limb moves away from the midline of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is adduction?

Movement along the frontal plane whereby the limb moves toward the midline of the body Signup and view all the answers

Define circumduction.

Movement that involves flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession Signup and view all the answers

What does rotation mean?

Turning of a bone around its own long axis Signup and view all the answers

Define supination.

Refers to rotating the forearm laterally so the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly Signup and view all the answers

Define pronation.

The forearm rotates medially and the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly Signup and view all the answers

What is inversion?

The sole of the foot turns medially Signup and view all the answers

What is eversion?

The sole of the foot turns laterally Signup and view all the answers

Define protraction and retraction.

Movement in the transverse plane Signup and view all the answers

Elevation is lifting a body part _, while depression is moving the elevated body part _

superiorly; inferiorly Signup and view all the answers

What is opposition?

Movement at the joint between the first metacarpal and carpals of the wrist, which involves touching the thumb to the tips of the fingers of the same hand Signup and view all the answers

Bilateral pertains to one side of the body.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of injury?

The process by which an injury occurs Signup and view all the answers

What are complications of MOI?

Forces applied to the body at different angles, types of tissue respond differently, and injury is not an all-or-none phenomenon. Signup and view all the answers

What is force?

A push or pull acting on the body Signup and view all the answers

Injury is caused by _____

an abnormal force Signup and view all the answers

What are the two potential effects on a target object when a force acts?

Acceleration (change in velocity) and deformation (change in shape) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary factors that determine if injury occurs?

Magnitude of force and material properties of tissue involved Signup and view all the answers

Define yield point (elastic limit).

The maximum load a material can sustain without permanent deformation Signup and view all the answers

What does anisotropic mean?

Structure is stronger in resisting force in certain directions than in others Signup and view all the answers

What is axial force?

Force acting along the long axis of a structure Signup and view all the answers

Define compression.

Axial loading that produces a squeezing or crushing effect Signup and view all the answers

What is tensile force/tension?

Axial loading in the direction opposite to that of compression, resulting in sprains Signup and view all the answers

Define shear.

Acts parallel to a plane passing through the object, causing one part to slide against another Signup and view all the answers

What is stress?

The distribution of force within a body, quantified as force divided by the area over which the force acts Signup and view all the answers

Define acute injury.

Characterized by a definitive moment of onset followed by a predictable healing process Signup and view all the answers

Define chronic injury.

Develops gradually over time through repeated load, often culminating in pain and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is collagen?

Major building block of connective tissue, strong in resisting tension Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomic Terminology

Anatomic Position: Body is erect, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward.
Flexion: Decreases joint angle in the sagittal plane.
Extension: Increases joint angle in the sagittal plane.
Dorsiflexion: Foot is lifted towards the shin.
Plantar Flexion: Foot is depressed away from the shin.

Movement in Planes

Abduction: Limb moves away from body’s midline in the frontal plane.
Adduction: Limb moves towards body’s midline in the frontal plane.
Circumduction: Combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction; distal end moves in a circle while the proximal end remains stable.
Rotation: Bone turns around its own long axis.

Forearm and Foot Movements

Supination: Forearm rotation causes palm to face anteriorly or superiorly.
Pronation: Forearm rotation causes palm to face posteriorly or inferiorly.
Inversion: Sole of the foot turns medially.
Eversion: Sole of the foot turns laterally.

Specialized Movements

Protraction & Retraction: Transverse plane movements.
Elevation & Depression: Elevation lifts a body part superiorly; depression moves it inferiorly.
Opposition: Thumb touches tips of fingers at the joint of the first metacarpal.

Injury Concepts

Bilateral: Pertaining to both sides of the body.
Mechanism of Injury (MOI): Process through which an injury occurs.
Complications of MOI:
- Forces applied at various angles and durations.
- Different tissues respond uniquely to stress.
- Injuries range from mild to severe.

Forces and Effects

Force: Push or pull acting on an object.
Injury Causes: Result from abnormal forces.
Effects of Force: Can lead to acceleration (change in velocity) or deformation (change in shape).

Factors Influencing Injury

Two Primary Factors for Injury Occurrence: Magnitude of force and tissue properties.
Yield Point (Elastic Limit): Maximum load without permanent change.
Anisotropic: Structure has varying strength against forces based on direction.

Types of Forces

Axial Force: Acts along a structure's long axis.
Compression: Squeezing effect due to axial loading.
Tensile Force/Tension: Opposing compression, can lead to sprains.
Shear: Force that slides one part of an object past another.

Mechanical Concepts

Stress: Force distribution within a body; calculated as force per unit area.

Injury Classification

Acute Injury: Sudden onset from a single force; follows a predictable healing process.
Chronic Injury: Develops over time from repetitive stress; can lead to pain and inflammation over long periods.

Connective Tissue

Collagen: Major component of connective tissue; strong in tension. Features a wavy structure when not under stress, allowing slight stretching under tension.

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Description

This quiz covers key terms related to the mechanisms and classifications of injuries, including anatomical positions and types of joint movements. Each flashcard provides essential definitions to help you understand the fundamental concepts in injury assessment. Perfect for students and professionals in healthcare and sports science.