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Questions and Answers
What should be assessed to determine the mechanism of injury in a patient?
What should be assessed to determine the mechanism of injury in a patient?
In which scenario should a healthcare provider prioritize patient assessment over gathering MOI information?
In which scenario should a healthcare provider prioritize patient assessment over gathering MOI information?
What does the nature of a patient's breathing effort suggest regarding their condition?
What does the nature of a patient's breathing effort suggest regarding their condition?
Why is personal protective equipment (PPE) crucial in patient contact?
Why is personal protective equipment (PPE) crucial in patient contact?
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What is required for cleaning and decontamination after exposure to harmful substances?
What is required for cleaning and decontamination after exposure to harmful substances?
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What is the primary purpose of standard precautions in healthcare settings?
What is the primary purpose of standard precautions in healthcare settings?
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What should a healthcare provider do if unsure about decontamination methods for a specific chemical?
What should a healthcare provider do if unsure about decontamination methods for a specific chemical?
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What can the manner in which a patient holds their neck indicate?
What can the manner in which a patient holds their neck indicate?
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Which medication is commonly used for pain relief before stronger options are available in a hospital?
Which medication is commonly used for pain relief before stronger options are available in a hospital?
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What should be included in a first aid kit to assist with chemical eye injuries?
What should be included in a first aid kit to assist with chemical eye injuries?
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Which of the following items is necessary for the administration of CPR?
Which of the following items is necessary for the administration of CPR?
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What is the purpose of ORS powder in a first aid kit?
What is the purpose of ORS powder in a first aid kit?
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Why is it important to have a quick reference first aid guide in a first aid kit?
Why is it important to have a quick reference first aid guide in a first aid kit?
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Which medication is specifically noted for patients suspected of having a heart attack?
Which medication is specifically noted for patients suspected of having a heart attack?
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Which of the following statements about AEDs is true?
Which of the following statements about AEDs is true?
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What should be done if hands are visibly soiled?
What should be done if hands are visibly soiled?
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What is the recommended use for Silver Sulfadiazine ointment?
What is the recommended use for Silver Sulfadiazine ointment?
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What is the minimum alcohol content required in hand sanitizers to effectively kill bacteria?
What is the minimum alcohol content required in hand sanitizers to effectively kill bacteria?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of hand hygiene practices?
Which of the following is NOT a part of hand hygiene practices?
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When is hand washing preferred over using hand sanitizer?
When is hand washing preferred over using hand sanitizer?
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What is an essential step in the hand washing process?
What is an essential step in the hand washing process?
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What is the primary purpose of hand hygiene in healthcare settings?
What is the primary purpose of hand hygiene in healthcare settings?
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Which action should be taken after drying hands if using disposable towels?
Which action should be taken after drying hands if using disposable towels?
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What feature should a hand sanitizer have to be considered effective?
What feature should a hand sanitizer have to be considered effective?
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What is the normal pulse rate range in adults?
What is the normal pulse rate range in adults?
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Which action should be taken if a patient is not breathing and has no pulse?
Which action should be taken if a patient is not breathing and has no pulse?
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What is the appropriate action to take for suspected hypotension in a patient?
What is the appropriate action to take for suspected hypotension in a patient?
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Which of the following methods is used to assess a patient's neurological status?
Which of the following methods is used to assess a patient's neurological status?
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What should be done if a patient has a low blood sugar level and is conscious?
What should be done if a patient has a low blood sugar level and is conscious?
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How should a bleeding wound be managed immediately?
How should a bleeding wound be managed immediately?
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What indicates that a patient may be experiencing anaphaylaxis?
What indicates that a patient may be experiencing anaphaylaxis?
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What is one way to check a patient's temperature during an emergency?
What is one way to check a patient's temperature during an emergency?
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Who is responsible for ensuring the implementation of the procedures outlined in the guidelines?
Who is responsible for ensuring the implementation of the procedures outlined in the guidelines?
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What should a good Samaritan be allowed to do after taking an injured person to the nearest hospital?
What should a good Samaritan be allowed to do after taking an injured person to the nearest hospital?
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What kind of liability is a good Samaritan protected from when aiding a road accident victim?
What kind of liability is a good Samaritan protected from when aiding a road accident victim?
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What is the purpose of compensating bystanders or good Samaritans according to the guidelines?
What is the purpose of compensating bystanders or good Samaritans according to the guidelines?
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Which statement is true regarding the disclosure of personal information by a good Samaritan?
Which statement is true regarding the disclosure of personal information by a good Samaritan?
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What action should the government take against public officials who intimidate a good Samaritan?
What action should the government take against public officials who intimidate a good Samaritan?
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What is the intent of the Extraordinary Gazette Notification No. 126 issued by the Central Government?
What is the intent of the Extraordinary Gazette Notification No. 126 issued by the Central Government?
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What should not happen to a good Samaritan who calls emergency services about an injured person?
What should not happen to a good Samaritan who calls emergency services about an injured person?
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Study Notes
Mechanism of Injury
- Injuries are caused by the transfer of energy
- Do not delay patient assessment to gather information about mechanism of Injury
- Observe the patient's body language for clues about the nature of the illness
- If the patient puts effort into breathing, the potential cause is respiratory
- If the patient is squeezing their stomach, the potential cause could be related to the abdomen
- If the patient is holding their neck with crossed hands and unable to speak, this may indicate choking
Cleaning and Decontamination
- Use PPE and wash your hands before and after every patient contact
- Carry an alcohol gel cleanser
- Decontamination is required for exposure to pesticides or other chemicals
- Wash or brush to remove the substance, if safe
- Follow local decontamination protocols for people and equipment
Standard Precautions
- Standard precautions are the basic level of infection control measures to reduce the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens
- Hand hygiene is a major component of standard precautions
- Perform hand rubbing or hand washing
- Perform hand washing with soap and water if hands are visibly soiled
- Perform hand rubbing with alcohol-based preparation
Handwashing
- Remove jewellery and rinse hands under clean running water
- Lather with soap and using friction, cover all surfaces of your hands and fingers
- Wash thoroughly under running water
- Dry hands with a single-use towel, or using forced air drying
- Pat skin rather than rubbing to avoid cracking
Hand Sanitiser
- Hand sanitisers strip the outer-most layer of oil from your skin
- The effectiveness of killing bacteria will vary depending on the antiseptic base
- Hand sanitising is a “waterless” product and should not replace hand washing permanently
- If there is visible dirt on your hands, use soap and water
- Hand sanitiser should have at least 70% alcohol to kill 99.9% of bacteria 30 seconds after application
Good Samaritan Law
- Bystanders or good Samaritans may take an injured person to the nearest hospital
- Bystanders or good Samaritans may leave immediately after furnishing their address
- Bystanders or good Samaritans shall be suitably rewarded or compensated for their help
- Bystanders or good Samaritans shall not be liable for civil or criminal liability
- Bystanders or good Samaritans who make a phone call to inform the police or emergency services shall not be compelled to reveal their name or personal details
- Disclosure of personal information shall be voluntary and optional
- Disciplinary or departmental action will be initiated against any public official who coerces or intimidates a bystander or good Samaritan for revealing their name or personal details
First Aid Priorities
- You can start the patient on oxygen if they have any at home
- You can help the patient to use their inhalers or nebulisers if prescribed
- If the patient is not breathing or gasping, check pulse and if there is no pulse, follow BLS algorithm and start CPR
Circulation
- Check the radial pulse and count it for a minute
- A normal pulse rate is between 60 and 90
- Check blood pressure, hypotension or low blood pressure (less than 90/60mmHg) is considered more dangerous than high blood pressure
- Lift the patient's legs temporarily as a measure
- If there is bleeding, apply direct pressure using cotton gauze
- In cases of anaphylaxis or severe allergic reaction, ask the patient if they have an EpiPen
Disability
- Check the neurological status of the patient using the AVPU scale
- Check blood sugar levels if you have a glucometer
- If blood sugar levels are low and the patient is conscious and able to swallow, give them an oral glucose solution or a sugary drink/chocolate
- Check pupils and see if they are equal or unequal, and if they react to light
Exposure & Environment
- Check the patient’s temperature
- Look for any other injuries
- Cover the patient up if their temperature is low
Medications
- First aid kits should include pain medications like Paracetamol and Ibuprofen
- Aspirin can be used in patients suspected to have a heart attack
- Silver Sulfadiazine ointment can be used in cases of burns
Eye Injury First Aid
- Use an eyewash kit if there is a chemical spill to the eye
- Use eye pads until the patient reaches the hospital
First Aid Guide
- A first aid cabinet needs a quick reference guide booklet
CPR
- A first aid kit should include a CPR mask to protect the rescuer
AED
- Consider the lifesaving value of having an AED in your workplace
Glucose Powder and ORS Powder
- Keep glucose powder in your first aid kit for patients with low blood sugar levels
- ORS powder can be used in patients with symptoms of gastroenteritis to prevent or treat dehydration
Ambulance Equipment
- Ambulances have similar equipment and drugs to stabilise and provide comfort and care for patients until they reach the hospital
- EMRI Green Health Services provides ambulance services across many states in India
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts related to the mechanism of injury, cleaning and decontamination, and standard precautions. This quiz will assess your understanding of patient assessment and infection control practices crucial for healthcare professionals.
