Podcast
Questions and Answers
What factor does NOT influence the severity of an injury?
What factor does NOT influence the severity of an injury?
- Magnitude of the forces applied
- Direction of the forces applied
- Duration of the forces applied
- Color of the environment (correct)
How does the direction of the forces applied affect the severity of an injury?
How does the direction of the forces applied affect the severity of an injury?
- It does not affect the injury at all
- It only matters for minor injuries
- It determines the location of the injury only
- It influences the type of injury sustained (correct)
Which statement is true regarding the influence of magnitude of forces on injury severity?
Which statement is true regarding the influence of magnitude of forces on injury severity?
- Magnitude only matters for certain types of injuries
- Higher magnitude forces always lead to more severe injuries (correct)
- Lower magnitude forces can also cause severe injuries
- Magnitude has no relation to injury severity
What primarily determines the degree of instability in a joint?
What primarily determines the degree of instability in a joint?
Which factor will most likely lengthen the duration of the forces applied, affecting injury severity?
Which factor will most likely lengthen the duration of the forces applied, affecting injury severity?
Which combination of factors contributes to the overall severity of an injury?
Which combination of factors contributes to the overall severity of an injury?
How is instability assessed in terms of joint excursion?
How is instability assessed in terms of joint excursion?
What does a difference of less than 0.5 cm indicate regarding joint instability?
What does a difference of less than 0.5 cm indicate regarding joint instability?
What is indicated by a difference in joint excursion of 0.5-1 cm?
What is indicated by a difference in joint excursion of 0.5-1 cm?
What conclusion can be drawn if the difference in joint excursion is greater than 1 cm?
What conclusion can be drawn if the difference in joint excursion is greater than 1 cm?
What injury is primarily discussed in the content?
What injury is primarily discussed in the content?
Which year is mentioned in relation to a record holder?
Which year is mentioned in relation to a record holder?
What does the reference to 'the uninjured counterpart' suggest?
What does the reference to 'the uninjured counterpart' suggest?
What term is used to describe the sudden nature of the injury mentioned?
What term is used to describe the sudden nature of the injury mentioned?
In the context, who are the primary victims referred to?
In the context, who are the primary victims referred to?
Which ligament in the knee joint is most commonly injured?
Which ligament in the knee joint is most commonly injured?
What is a key factor in the stability of the knee joint?
What is a key factor in the stability of the knee joint?
What is the role of effusion treatment in knee issues?
What is the role of effusion treatment in knee issues?
Which of the following does NOT directly contribute to the knee joint's stability?
Which of the following does NOT directly contribute to the knee joint's stability?
What is the function of the quadri under cushion of the knee?
What is the function of the quadri under cushion of the knee?
What is one of the primary mechanical functions of the ACL?
What is one of the primary mechanical functions of the ACL?
Which nerve provides the posterior afferent innervation to the knee?
Which nerve provides the posterior afferent innervation to the knee?
What is the function of type III joint proprioceptors?
What is the function of type III joint proprioceptors?
Which structure isolates the ACL from synovial fluid?
Which structure isolates the ACL from synovial fluid?
What does the term 'proprioception' refer to in the context of the ACL?
What does the term 'proprioception' refer to in the context of the ACL?
What is the length of the ACL?
What is the length of the ACL?
Which factor is NOT associated with changes in proprioception due to ACL deficiency?
Which factor is NOT associated with changes in proprioception due to ACL deficiency?
What is the adaptation rate of type I joint proprioceptors?
What is the adaptation rate of type I joint proprioceptors?
What percentage of ACL tears are attributed to noncontact injuries?
What percentage of ACL tears are attributed to noncontact injuries?
Which factor is NOT considered a common mechanism leading to ACL injuries?
Which factor is NOT considered a common mechanism leading to ACL injuries?
What is referred to as the 'unhappy triad' in knee injuries?
What is referred to as the 'unhappy triad' in knee injuries?
At what incidence rate are ACL injuries observed in the population?
At what incidence rate are ACL injuries observed in the population?
Which strategy is associated with balance on an unstable surface that may lead to ACL injury?
Which strategy is associated with balance on an unstable surface that may lead to ACL injury?
Flashcards
Magnitude of Injury
Magnitude of Injury
The extent or seriousness of an injury.
Direction of Force
Direction of Force
The path or angle at which force is applied to the body.
Duration of Force
Duration of Force
The length of time a force is applied to the body.
High Force, Short Duration
High Force, Short Duration
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Low Force, Long Duration
Low Force, Long Duration
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Ligament Instability
Ligament Instability
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Mild Instability
Mild Instability
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Moderate Instability
Moderate Instability
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Severe Instability
Severe Instability
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Measuring Instability
Measuring Instability
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Cruciate Ligament
Cruciate Ligament
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Cruciate Ligament Injury
Cruciate Ligament Injury
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Cruciate Ligament Injury - Athletes
Cruciate Ligament Injury - Athletes
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Cruciate Ligament Tear - Symptoms
Cruciate Ligament Tear - Symptoms
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Cruciate Ligament Tear - Treatment
Cruciate Ligament Tear - Treatment
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Joint effusion
Joint effusion
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Joint stability
Joint stability
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Congruency
Congruency
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ACL
ACL
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Faradic Quadriceps
Faradic Quadriceps
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ACL Injury
ACL Injury
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Non-Contact ACL Tear
Non-Contact ACL Tear
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Unhappy Triad
Unhappy Triad
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Ankle Strategy (Balance)
Ankle Strategy (Balance)
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Hip Strategy (Balance)
Hip Strategy (Balance)
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What is the ACL and how does it function?
What is the ACL and how does it function?
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What is the neurophysiological function of the ACL?
What is the neurophysiological function of the ACL?
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What are articular afferent nerves and how do they work?
What are articular afferent nerves and how do they work?
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What are the mechanical functions of the ACL?
What are the mechanical functions of the ACL?
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What are proprioceptors and what is their role?
What are proprioceptors and what is their role?
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How can an ACL injury affect proprioception?
How can an ACL injury affect proprioception?
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How are proprioceptors classified based on their sensitivity?
How are proprioceptors classified based on their sensitivity?
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How does an ACL injury affect posture and muscle control?
How does an ACL injury affect posture and muscle control?
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Study Notes
Ligamentous Injury
- Ligamentous injuries, specifically sprains, are graded based on two factors: the number of disrupted fibers and subsequent joint instability.
- The severity of the injury depends on the magnitude, direction, and duration of the applied forces.
- Hemarthrosis (blood in the joint) takes 2 hours to appear (ACL+PCL), while effusion (increased synovial fluid) takes 1 day (MCL+LCL). Aspiration should be avoided with MCL+LCL due to irritation.
Sprains - Classification
- Mild (1st degree): Some ligament fibers are torn, localized tenderness, and swelling at the injury site. No clinical or functional instability.
- Moderate (2nd degree): Many, but not all fibers are torn. Clinical instability, no functional instability, diffuse swelling, and pain.
- Severe (3rd degree): Complete ligament disruption, loss of both clinical and functional stability, no swelling, severe or no pain.
Joint Instability
- Measured on a 0-3 scale, determined by comparing joint excursion with an injured ligament to its uninjured counterpart.
- 0 Instability: No difference.
- 1 Instability: Difference less than 0.5 cm
- 2 Instability: Difference 0.5-1 cm.
- 3 Instability: Difference greater than 1 cm
Anatomy of Knee Joint
- Most injured ligaments: ACL, MCL, LCL, PCL
- The cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) and collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL) act as primary knee stabilizers.
ACL - Introduction
- A significant portion of the ACL remains taut throughout the range of motion (ROM).
- 70% of ACL tears are non-contact injuries, often caused by forceful quadriceps contractions, poor landing techniques, sudden deceleration, or changing direction.
ACL Injury Mechanisms
- External rotation of the tibia with valgus stress
- External rotation of the tibia with varus stress
- Internal rotation of the tibia with valgus stress
- Hyper-extension of the knee
- Violent quadriceps contraction
Neuromuscular Factors
- Female athletes have a greater incidence of ACL injury, possibly due to factors like less hip and knee flexion during landing, and a lower Q angle.
Signs and Symptoms
- Signs of ACL injury include: popping sensation, hemarthrosis (joint swelling), giving way, and positive Lachman's test.
ACL Repair
- A complete ACL tear frequently does not heal due to lack of embedding in a supportive tissue envelope.
- Treatment options include operative (surgery) with high-demand patients, or non-operative methods for lower-demand patients.
Testing
- Anterior Drawer Test
- Lateral Pivot Shift
- Lachman's Test
Non-operative Treatment
- Hamstring set exercises
- Quadriceps set exercises
- Isometric quad exercises
- Hamstring and quad co-contraction
- SLR exercises
- Hamstring curl exercises
- Quad curl exercises (short arc)
- CKC exercises
- Dynamic joint control training
- Functional training
ACL Reconstruction - Patellar Tendon
- A surgical technique for ACL reconstruction using the patellar tendon.
Biology of ACL Healing
- Inflammation and necrosis: Initial period after the injury.
- Revascularization with fibroblasts (3 months): The restoration and growth of blood vessels, with the assistance of fibroblasts.
- Remodeling (12-18 months): The fibrous tissue is replaced with bone.
Evidence-Based Practice
- The presented text discusses the pyramid of evidence for evaluating research, comprising expert opinion, case reports, case series, cohort, case control studies, and meta-analysis, with meta-analysis being at the top .
General
- National incidence of ACL injury is 29-38 cases per 100,000 people
- Return to pre-injury sport levels in 33% (within 1 year), 30%(within 5-years), 37% never return.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various factors that influence the severity of injuries and how joint instability is assessed. This quiz will cover the impact of forces, joint excursion measurements, and other key concepts in injury mechanics. Perfect for students studying sports science or physical therapy.