Injectable Diabetes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon?

  • Gamma cells
  • Alpha cells (correct)
  • Beta cells
  • Delta cells

    • What is the role of GLP-1 in glucose regulation?

  • Inhibits insulin secretion
  • Stimulates alpha cells to release glucagon
  • Stimulates beta cells to secrete more insulin (correct)
  • Promotes glucagon release

    • What is a common adverse effect of insulin therapy?

  • Hypertension
  • Hypoglycemia (correct)
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypokalemia

    • What is the onset time for rapid-acting insulin like Apidra® or Humalog®?

    <p>10-30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin type has the longest duration of action?

    <p>Insulin glargine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of insulin in the body?

    <p>Increases glucose storage as glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration is NOT typically used for insulin?

    <p>Intramuscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of repeated insulin injections at the same site?

    <p>Lipohypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin type is considered intermediate-acting?

    <p>NPH insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the body provides the most rapid absorption of insulin?

    <p>Abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin is recommended for continuous intravenous infusion in patients with severe hyperglycemia?

    <p>Regular insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin preparation should be gently rolled between the hands before administration?

    <p>NPH insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which long-acting insulin has the longest duration of action, lasting up to 42 hours?

    <p>Tresiba® (insulin degludec)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended starting dose for basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes?

    <p>0.1-0.2 units/kg at bedtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination insulin product contains 70% NPH and 30% regular insulin?

    <p>Novolin 70/30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin product is inhaled?

    <p>Afrezza®</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin therapy is considered basal insulin therapy?

    <p>Long-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the pancreas in response to hypoglycemia to raise blood glucose levels?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of GLP-1 agonists in the management of type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Increase insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant cardiovascular benefit of GLP-1 agonists?

    <p>Decrease in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLP-1 agonist is derived from gila monster lizard saliva?

    <p>Exenatide (Byetta®)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLP-1 agonist is available in both injectable and oral forms?

    <p>Semaglutide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with GLP-1 agonists?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contraindication for GLP-1 agonist therapy?

    <p>Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boxed warning associated with GLP-1 agonists?

    <p>Risk of thyroid cell tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLP-1 agonist is associated with cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with established cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Liraglutide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of pramlintide (Symlin®)?

    <p>Slows gastric emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key safety concern with pramlintide (Symlin®) therapy?

    <p>Severe hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLP-1 agonist has dual action as both a GLP-1 receptor agonist and a GIP receptor agonist?

    <p>Tirzepatide (Mounjaro®)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical dosing schedule for long-acting insulin such as insulin glargine?

    <p>Once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin product should not be mixed with other insulin products due to risk of inactivation?

    <p>Insulin glargine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on adipose tissue?

    <p>Increases triglyceride storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset time for regular insulin when administered subcutaneously?

    <p>30-60 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin type is recommended for use in insulin pumps?

    <p>Insulin aspart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin product has a milky appearance and must be rolled before administration?

    <p>NPH insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using combination insulin products?

    <p>Reduces the need for multiple injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used as an alternative to mealtime insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes?

    <p>GLP-1 agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of action for rapid-acting insulin?

    <p>3-5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) devices?

    <p>Provides flexibility in daily scheduling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin type is most commonly used in insulin pumps?

    <p>Insulin aspart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLP-1 agonist is associated with the greatest reduction in weight?

    <p>Semaglutide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum daily dose for insulin glargine pens?

    <p>80 units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLP-1 agonist has a once-weekly dosing schedule?

    <p>Dulaglutide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following insulin products can be used intravenously?

    <p>Regular insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using inhaled insulin (Afrezza®) in patients with diabetes?

    <p>Avoids the need for injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pramlintide (Symlin®) in diabetes management?

    <p>Slows gastric emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant adverse effect of insulin therapy?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone released by the pancreas acts to raise blood glucose levels?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for inhaled insulin (Afrezza®)?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action for NPH insulin?

    <p>12-24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLP-1 agonist has the additional benefit of reducing cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Liraglutide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an indication for insulin therapy?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical onset time for long-acting insulin such as insulin glargine?

    <p>2-4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of combining insulin with GLP-1 agonists?

    <p>Reduced insulin dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone slows gastric emptying and promotes satiety?

    <p>GLP-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for GLP-1 agonists?

    <p>Gastroparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pancreas and Hormones

    • Alpha cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels.
    • GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) stimulates beta cells to secrete more insulin, aiding in glucose regulation.

    Insulin Therapy

    • A common adverse effect of insulin therapy is hypoglycemia, characterized by dangerously low blood sugar levels.
    • Rapid-acting insulin, such as Apidra® or Humalog®, has an onset time of 10-30 minutes.
    • Insulin glargine is the insulin type with the longest duration of action.
    • The function of insulin includes increasing glucose storage as glycogen in the liver.

    Insulin Administration

    • Insulin is typically administered subcutaneously; intramuscular administration is not standard practice.
    • Repeated injections at the same site can cause lipohypertrophy, a thickening of the skin.
    • NPH insulin is classified as intermediate-acting insulin, whereas the abdomen is the site with the most rapid insulin absorption.

    Specific Insulin Preparations

    • Regular insulin is preferred for continuous intravenous infusion during severe hyperglycemia.
    • NPH insulin should be gently rolled between hands before administration.
    • Tresiba® (insulin degludec) is a long-acting insulin with a duration of action up to 42 hours.
    • Novolin 70/30 is a combination insulin product containing 70% NPH and 30% regular insulin.
    • Afrezza® is an inhaled insulin product.

    Diabetes Management

    • Long-acting insulin is considered basal insulin therapy, essential for stabilizing blood glucose levels.
    • Glucagon, released by the pancreas, raises blood glucose levels in response to hypoglycemia.
    • GLP-1 agonists primarily increase insulin secretion, while also reducing hepatic glucose production.

    Cardiovascular Benefits and Risks

    • GLP-1 agonists provide cardiovascular benefits, including a decrease in blood pressure.
    • Exenatide (Byetta®) is derived from the saliva of the gila monster lizard, making it unique among GLP-1 agonists.
    • Semaglutide is notable for being available in both injectable and oral forms.
    • A common side effect of GLP-1 agonists is weight loss.

    Contraindications and Warnings

    • Primary contraindication for GLP-1 agonist therapy is a history of pancreatitis, which poses serious health risks.
    • GLP-1 agonists carry a boxed warning for the risk of thyroid cell tumors.
    • Liraglutide has been associated with cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with established cardiovascular disease.

    Pramlintide (Symlin®)

    • Pramlintide's primary mechanism of action is to slow gastric emptying, which aids in regulating blood glucose levels.
    • Severe hypoglycemia is a key safety concern associated with pramlintide therapy.

    GLP-1 Agonists

    • Tirzepatide (Mounjaro®) acts as both a GLP-1 receptor agonist and a GIP receptor agonist.
    • Semaglutide is the GLP-1 agonist associated with the greatest weight reduction.
    • Dulaglutide has a once-weekly dosing schedule.

    Insulin Types and Administration

    • Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin typically dosed once daily and cannot be mixed with other insulin products.
    • Regular insulin has an onset time of 30-60 minutes when administered subcutaneously and can be used intravenously.
    • Insulin aspart is the preferred insulin type for insulin pumps.
    • NPH insulin appears milky and must be rolled before administration; its duration of action is 12-24 hours.

    Insulin Effects and Benefits

    • Insulin enhances triglyceride storage in adipose tissue.
    • Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) devices offer flexibility in scheduling and reduce the need for multiple injections.
    • Combining insulin with GLP-1 agonists can lead to a reduced insulin dose.

    Insulin for Diabetes Management

    • Mealtime insulin alternatives in type 2 diabetes include GLP-1 agonists.
    • The typical duration of action for rapid-acting insulin is 3-5 hours.
    • A key adverse effect of insulin therapy is hypoglycemia.

    Miscellaneous Medications

    • Pramlintide (Symlin®) slows gastric emptying, which aids in glucose management.
    • Inhaled insulin (Afrezza®) provides the advantage of avoiding injections but is contraindicated in patients with asthma.

    Contraindications and Hormonal Effects

    • Gastroparesis is a contraindication for GLP-1 agonists, while asthma is a contraindication for inhaled insulin.
    • Glucagon is the hormone that raises blood glucose levels, while GLP-1 increases satiety and slows gastric emptying.

    Insulin Therapy Indications

    • Insulin therapy is indicated primarily for type 1 diabetes management.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on injectable diabetes treatments with this quiz. Explore vital concepts such as pancreas cell functions and the role of GLP-1 in glucose regulation. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike!

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