30 Questions
What term is used to describe an organism that is resistant to only one antimicrobial agent?
Superbug
Why are some microorganisms resistant to antimicrobial agents?
Intrinsic resistance caused by the inability of the drug to cross the cell wall
What is one way bacteria can acquire resistance to antibiotics?
Altered drug binding site due to a chromosomal mutation
How do bacteria become resistant if a chromosomal mutation alters the structure of the cell membrane?
Decreased membrane permeability
Which type of resistance involves bacteria that were once susceptible to a particular drug becoming resistant to it?
Acquired resistance
Infections caused by super bugs are difficult to treat due to their resistance to antimicrobial agents. What else besides bacteria can be considered super bugs?
Viruses
What is the primary reason why antimicrobial agents should not be used indiscriminately?
To prevent the overgrowth of resistant microorganisms
What is the severe allergic reaction that a patient may experience from an antimicrobial agent?
Anaphylactic shock
Which of the following antimicrobial agents can cause auditory nerve damage leading to deafness?
Streptomycin
What is the potential consequence of prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics?
Destruction of the indigenous microbiota, leading to susceptibility to opportunistic infections
Which of the following is an example of a superinfection that can result from the destruction of the indigenous microbiota?
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis
Which antimicrobial agent can cause the potentially fatal condition of aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol
Which of the following is true about antimicrobial agents?
They are chemical or drug substances used to inhibit or kill pathogens in vivo.
What is the key difference between antimicrobial agents and antibiotics?
Antibiotics are a subset of antimicrobial agents, produced by microorganisms.
What are semisynthetic antibiotics?
Antibiotics that are chemically modified from naturally occurring antibiotics.
Which of the following antibiotics are produced by moulds?
Penicillin and cephalosporin
What is the primary characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial agent?
It should be effective against a wide range of pathogens.
Which of the following is NOT a type of antimicrobial agent mentioned in the text?
Antiparasitic agents
Which of the following describes the process of bacteria acquiring new genes?
All of the above
What are MDR pumps?
Transporters that pump drugs out of bacterial cells
What do beta-lactamases refer to?
Enzymes that destroy the beta-lactam ring of antibiotics
Which of the following is NOT a type of beta-lactamase?
Aminoglycosidase
What is the purpose of combining beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactamase inhibitors?
All of the above
Which of the following is an example of a beta-lactam antibiotic combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor?
All of the above
What is an Antibiogram?
A chart that provides information on bacterial susceptibility and resistance to drugs
Why should a clinician avoid prescribing a drug to which a patient is allergic?
To avoid potential adverse reactions or complications
Which factor should be considered when prescribing antimicrobial agents to very young or very old patients?
The drug's potential for causing birth defects
What should a clinician consider when prescribing antimicrobial agents to an inpatient?
The availability of the drug in the hospital pharmacy
Which factor should be considered when prescribing antimicrobial agents to a leukopenic or immunocompromised patient?
The use of bactericidal agents rather than bacteriostatic agents
What is the recommended approach when prescribing antimicrobial agents?
Prescribe less costly, narrow-spectrum drugs whenever possible
Learn about inhibiting the growth of pathogens in vivo using different anti-microbial agents. This quiz covers the definitions of antimicrobial agents, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, and more as outlined by Algerico F. Baiño, Jr., RN in Chapter 9.
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