18 Questions
What was considered a dowry in the case of a child born to a married woman from an adulterous relationship?
If the husband punished the adulterer, the child's share in inheritance was equal to that of the other children
What happened if the husband did not punish the adulterer?
The child was not considered legitimate and did not inherit anything
What can be inferred about the dowry from the text?
The dowry was given by the husband to the woman's parents
What happened to the dowry if the woman's parents were still alive?
The parents enjoyed the use of it
What happened to the dowry after the woman's parents died, according to the text?
It was divided equally among the children, unless it had been consumed
Based on the text, which of the following statements is true?
The adulterer was not considered dishonored if the husband punished him
What happened to the children and accomplices of witches?
They became slaves of the chief
How were other offenses punished?
By fines in gold
What happened if the fines were not paid promptly?
The culprit had to serve the injured person until the payment was made
How were the culprits enslaved until they paid their fines?
Half of their cultivated lands and produce belonged to the master who provided them food and clothing
What was the issue with loans mentioned in the text?
There was an excess of usury, which hindered baptism and confession
What happened when a debtor failed to pay their debt?
They and their children became slaves until the debt was paid
What was the status of the children when one parent was a maharlica and the other a slave?
The children were divided, with some free and some slaves
What was the status of the children if there was only one child from the marriage?
The child was half free and half slave
Could the namamahay slaves be sold or transferred to another barangay?
No, they could not be sold or transferred to another barangay
What was the main difference between namamahay and sa guiguilir slaves?
Sa guiguilir slaves could be sold, but namamahay slaves could not
What was the rationale for enslaving people?
People were only enslaved if they merited the death penalty
How could slaves be transferred between families?
Slaves could only be transferred by inheritance, and had to remain in the same village
Study Notes
Inheritance and Illegitimate Children
- If a child was born to a married woman as a result of adultery, the husband's punishment of the adulterer was considered a dowry, and the child inherited equally with the other sons.
- If the adulterer was not punished, the child was not considered legitimate and did not inherit.
- If the child was the only son, they inherited equally with the nearest relatives.
Dowries
- Dowries were given by men to the women's parents.
- The parents enjoyed the use of the dowry during their lifetime, and after their death, it was divided equally among the children.
- If the dowry had not been consumed, it was divided like the rest of the estate.
Punishment and Slavery
- Offenders were punished by fines in gold, which, if not paid, led to servitude until the payment was made.
- The accused was forced to serve the person aggrieved, with the master claiming half of their cultivated lands and produce.
- If the father paid the debt, the master claimed compensation for feeding and clothing the children.
Loans and Usury
- Excessive usury was a common practice, hindering baptism and confession.
- Debtors were condemned to a life of toil, and their children inherited the debt, with the risk of becoming slaves.
- Failure to pay the debt resulted in doubling the amount owed.
Marriage and Slavery
- In a marriage between a maharlica and a slave, the children were divided: the first, third, and fifth belonged to the father, and the second, fourth, and sixth belonged to the mother.
- The status of the children (free or slave) depended on the parent they belonged to.
- If there was only one child, they were half free and half slave.
- The sa guiguilir kind of slaves could be sold, but not the namamahay and their children, unless they were transferred by inheritance within the same village.
Test your knowledge on inheritance laws in ancient Rome, specifically regarding children born to a free married woman. Understand the implications of the husband's punishment or lack thereof on the child's inheritance rights.
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