Informed IT User & Business Process Reengineering

• Being an informed user of IT allows you to provide input to enhance your organization's applications.
• Being an informed user of IT helps one to understand what is behind the applications used in one's organization.
• Being an informed IT user means keeping abreast of new technologies.
• Being an informed IT user helps in selecting new applications.
• A number, such as 75, presented on a piece of paper, constitutes data.
• Going through the checkout line at a grocery store represents a transaction.
• This transaction could be processed by a Transaction Processing System (TPS).
• IT does not reduce stress by giving managers more time to make decisions.
• IT decreases the number of promotional opportunities.
• IT can ultimately decrease the number of managers and experts.
• IT makes managers more productive.
• IT increases the number of employees who can report to a single manager.
• Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is often considered too difficult, radical, lengthy, and comprehensive for many organizations.
• Information-based industries are most susceptible to the threat of entry of new competitors.
• The need to offer online banking to operate a bank is an entry barrier.
• The utilitarian approach states that an ethical action provides the most good or does the least harm.
• Suing a school for not marking a wet spot that led to a fall is an example of liability.
• A privacy issue involves determining what information about oneself an individual should be required to reveal to others.
• A privacy issue involves determining what information a person/organization has a right to obtain, under what conditions, and with what safeguards.
• A threat to an information resource is any danger to which a system may be exposed.
• Leaving a laptop at a desk unattended is a human error and is considered an unintentional mistake.
• A Denial of Service (DoS) attack is a remote attack requiring no user action.
• A firewall is an access control.
• The correct data hierarchy from smallest to largest is: bit, byte, field, record, file, database.
• A foreign key creates links between two tables.
• Knowing that a company matches 100% of a 6% 401K contribution after 6 years of service, as stated in the employee handbook, exemplifies explicit knowledge.
• Hardware refers to the physical equipment used for input, processing, output, and storage activities of a computer system.
• Being volatile is not a characteristic of secondary storage.
• Secondary storage is cheaper than primary storage.
• Secondary storage can use a variety of media.
• It takes more time to retrieve data from secondary storage than from RAM.
• Communications software allows users to collaborate with other people over any distance.
• Local Area Networks (LANs) allow organizations to connect employee computers and servers onto one network.
• Public clouds are shared, easily accessible, multicustomer IT infrastructures available nonexclusively to any entity in the general public.
• Machine learning helps predict fraud.
• An information agent constantly observes and reports on some item of interest.
• Self-driving cars made by Tesla have been blamed for several fatalities.
• Managing systems development is a traditional function of the Management Information Systems (MIS) department.
• Dashboards support all managers by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured reports.
• Infrastructure planning, development, and control is a traditional function of the MIS (Management Information Systems) department.
• Expert Systems attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.
• Technology getting cheaper to acquire, operate, and maintain does NOT contribute to the difficulty and complexity of managing information systems in modern organizations.
• Rapidly changing technology contributes to the difficulty and complexity of managing information systems in modern organizations.
• Increasing data volume contributes to the difficulty and complexity of managing information systems in modern organizations.
• Complexity of systems contributes to the difficulty and complexity of managing information systems in modern organizations.

Understanding IT helps improve organizational input and application selection. Data is represented by numbers like 75 on paper. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) handle transactions such as grocery store checkouts.