Podcast
Questions and Answers
Computers can be classified by ______, by purpose, and by capacity.
Computers can be classified by ______, by purpose, and by capacity.
type
Digital computers operate using electrical devices in two states: zero (0) and ______ (1).
Digital computers operate using electrical devices in two states: zero (0) and ______ (1).
one
Special purpose computers are designed to solve a ______ class of problems.
Special purpose computers are designed to solve a ______ class of problems.
specific
A general-purpose computer can be described as ______ if it solves problems with large calculations.
A general-purpose computer can be described as ______ if it solves problems with large calculations.
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Computers are classified by capacity into Micro, Mini, and ______ Computers.
Computers are classified by capacity into Micro, Mini, and ______ Computers.
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A ______ is used to sketch or draw maps, graphs, plans, etc.
A ______ is used to sketch or draw maps, graphs, plans, etc.
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The central part of the computer is known as the system ______.
The central part of the computer is known as the system ______.
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Power enters the computer via the ______ supply.
Power enters the computer via the ______ supply.
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Floppy disk drives are usually labelled drive ______ and B.
Floppy disk drives are usually labelled drive ______ and B.
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The hard disk drive is also known as a ______ disk drive.
The hard disk drive is also known as a ______ disk drive.
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An optical disk or ______ is used to hold or store text, graphics, movies, and sound.
An optical disk or ______ is used to hold or store text, graphics, movies, and sound.
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The drive for a CD-ROM is labelled ______.
The drive for a CD-ROM is labelled ______.
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The CD-Writer is used to write data or information onto a compact ______.
The CD-Writer is used to write data or information onto a compact ______.
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The USB Flash Disk is plugged through the USB ______.
The USB Flash Disk is plugged through the USB ______.
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The motherboard contains the ‘brain’ of the computer, known as the ______.
The motherboard contains the ‘brain’ of the computer, known as the ______.
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Primary storage may be divided into two parts: ROM and ______.
Primary storage may be divided into two parts: ROM and ______.
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ROM stands for ______ Only Memory.
ROM stands for ______ Only Memory.
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Data in RAM can be ______, allowing for flexibility in processing.
Data in RAM can be ______, allowing for flexibility in processing.
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The main memory stores data and instructions temporarily for ______ and execution.
The main memory stores data and instructions temporarily for ______ and execution.
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USB Flash Disks are known for being lightweight and ______.
USB Flash Disks are known for being lightweight and ______.
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Data and programs in ROM are said to be ______, as they cannot be altered.
Data and programs in ROM are said to be ______, as they cannot be altered.
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The main memory capacity in a computer can be increased or upgraded by buying more ______.
The main memory capacity in a computer can be increased or upgraded by buying more ______.
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A computer virus is a program developed by ill-intentioned ______.
A computer virus is a program developed by ill-intentioned ______.
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Computer viruses become active when you run an infected ______.
Computer viruses become active when you run an infected ______.
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A computer virus can damage data by corrupting programs, deleting files, or reformatting the ______.
A computer virus can damage data by corrupting programs, deleting files, or reformatting the ______.
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Programs taking longer to load than normal may be a sign of a computer ______.
Programs taking longer to load than normal may be a sign of a computer ______.
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To prevent your computer from infection, do not allow pen drives used in other ______ to be used in your computer.
To prevent your computer from infection, do not allow pen drives used in other ______ to be used in your computer.
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Antivirus programs are designed to fight against or remove computer ______.
Antivirus programs are designed to fight against or remove computer ______.
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Strange sounds or beeping noises can be an indication of a computer ______.
Strange sounds or beeping noises can be an indication of a computer ______.
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New files appearing on the system without your knowledge could signify your computer is infected with a ______.
New files appearing on the system without your knowledge could signify your computer is infected with a ______.
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Study Notes
Information Technology (IT)
- IT plays a crucial role in supporting organizational activities, driving industrial growth to higher levels.
- IT, or ICT (Information and Communication Technology), comprises tools for information processing, including computers, accessories, multimedia, and the internet.
- IT encompasses the study, design, development, implementation, support, and management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and hardware.
- IT uses electronic computers and software for converting, storing, protecting, processing, transmitting, and securely retrieving information.
- The scope of IT has expanded to encompass many computing and technology aspects.
- IT professionals handle diverse tasks, from installing applications to managing entire systems, including data management, networking, engineering, computer hardware, database design, and software design.
What is a Computer?
- A computer is an electronic device that accepts input, processes data, stores results, and supplies output, based on instructions/programs.
- Computers have two primary components: hardware (physical parts) and software (instructions/programs).
- A computer is a system of interacting components that transform inputs to outputs. The primary purpose of a computer is to speed problem-solving and boost productivity, doing so by accepting, storing, processing, and giving outputs.
Classification of Computers
- Computers are classified by type (digital, analog, hybrid), purpose (special-purpose, general-purpose), and capacity (micro, mini, macro).
- Digital computers handle data as discrete units (0s and 1s). Analog computers use continuous data representation. Hybrid computers combine both.
- Special-purpose computers are designed for specific tasks, like controlling chemical processes or digital watches. General-purpose computers can handle a wide range of tasks, including scientific calculations and commercial operations (input/output bound).
- Microcomputers are small, mini-computers are medium-sized, and macrocomputers (mainframe computers) and supercomputers are large and powerful systems. Macrocomputers are expensive, often used by many, and have a wide range of peripheral devices and generate considerable heat; likewise supercomputers, though they may have thousands of processors working together.
Parts of a Computer
- The computer has two core components: Hardware and software
- Hardware: includes input devices (keyboard, mouse, scanner), output devices (monitor, printer, speakers), and a system unit (housing the CPU, memory, and other internal components).
- Software: are instructions for the computer in a logical form, enabling it to meet user needs. It includes operating systems and application software such as spreadsheets, word processing, graphics programs, databases, and internet browsers.
Data Representation
- Data is typically represented in binary form using bits (binary digits, 0 or 1).
- Common data representation schemes include ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), BCD (Binary Coded Decimal), and EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code).
Computer Viruses
- Computer viruses are malicious programs that attach themselves to other programs, causing malfunctions to replicate and/or spread from disk-to-disk and system-to-system.
- Viruses can harm software/data, often lying dormant initially and operating before detection.
- Specific symptoms of a virus attack include unusually long loading times, reduced disk space, strange sounds/beeps, different graphics, strange names of files, inability to access hard drives, and program size changes.
Computer Networks
- A computer network is two or more computers linked to share information and equipment.
- Network topologies include star, bus, and ring networks. A star network connects all devices to a central unit; a bus network has a common cable connecting all nodes; and a ring network links devices in a ring structure.
- Types of networks include private, public, and the Internet (which allows global connection). A Local Area Network (LAN) covers a localized area like a floor or building; a Wide Area Network (WAN) is for a larger geographical area. Modems are critical devices to transform signals between computer and analog/digital systems.
Basic System Management
- Proper management involves optimizing computer system operations for user safety, longevity, and productivity. Critical components include space, dust protection, temperature control, proper lighting, stable power supply, connection security, and cleanliness.
- Eye strain prevention is critical (15 minute breaks/hour). Optimal seating and monitor placement are key.
Data and Information
- Data are recorded facts (events, transactions), raw materials for information. Information is useful data processed into a usable form (context), enabling meaningful understanding and reducing uncertainty.
- Data types include alphabetic, numeric, and alphanumeric.
- Information is categorized by its source, nature, level, time, use, occurrence, and type. Information fulfills a role reducing uncertainty and improving understanding by providing context.
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Description
This quiz explores the various aspects of Information Technology (IT) and its significance in organizational growth. It covers fundamental concepts of IT, including tools, systems development, data management, and the roles of IT professionals in various industries.
