Information Systems Review Quiz

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the 'post-implementation review' in the context of systems development?

  • Assessing the system's performance against pre-defined benchmarks.
  • Documenting user feedback and incorporating it into system updates.
  • Analyzing the project's successes and failures to inform future projects. (correct)
  • Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of the development process.

In the context of systems development requirements, what does 'user-friendly' primarily imply?

  • The system uses the latest technology in the hardware.
  • The system incorporates advanced security features.
  • The system requires minimal maintenance.
  • The system is easy to use and understand for the intended users. (correct)

Which of the following best describes the role of the 'feedback mechanism' in an information system?

  • To manage user interfaces for data entry.
  • To ensure the system meets its intended objectives by monitoring its outputs. (correct)
  • To automatically debug any software errors that occur.
  • To control the flow of information within the system.

What key element is considered the foundation of modern technologies in the provided content?

<p>Integration of people, computer systems, data resources, and networking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an 'Information System' as described in the content?

<p>To process data and provide information for a specific goal using interrelated components. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best description of how an information system works in terms of its main processes?

<p>It takes user input, processes it using technology, produces an output and uses a feedback to control operation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options best describes 'IoT (Internet of things)'?

<p>A system of constantly exchanging information, many times without human intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important aspect that should be included in user manual preparation, as stated in the requirements for systems development?

<p>A step by step guide explaining to the user how the system works (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metric is LEAST likely to be evaluated when testing a computer system's performance?

<p>Number of users able to access the system simultaneously (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of information systems, what is considered the MOST crucial aspect for leveraging technology effectively?

<p>Human expertise in utilizing computers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key function of information systems in a business environment?

<p>Managing employee performance reviews (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when deploying a computer-based information system?

<p>Helping people to work more effectively and efficiently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'symbiosis' of IT hardware and software in information infrastructure is best described as:

<p>The combined functioning of hardware and software for a common purpose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consideration is MOST important when comparing the performance of different computer systems?

<p>Assigning relative weightage to tested capabilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the content provided, which statement BEST describes the role of information systems in modern business?

<p>They are an integral component of all operations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a computer system's performance, what does 'overhead requirements' refer to?

<p>The system's resource consumption to perform operating system tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario would MOST LIKELY lead a company to initiate a system acquisition?

<p>A significant rise in market competition and a need to enhance operational efficiency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as the PRIMARY challenge in a manual billing process that requires effective Business Process Design?

<p>Ensuring all authorized personnel have access to the correct price information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organization is considering switching from traditional accounting software to an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. According to the text, which of the following is the MOST compelling reason for this migration?

<p>Responding to market pressure and a need for more sophisticated business processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied when the text discusses 'capitalizing on a new business opportunity' in the context of system acquisition?

<p>Utilizing technology to meet the demands of an emerging market or an area of business. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant factor that prompts a need for system changes, rather than minor modifications according to the text?

<p>A mismatch between stakeholder demands and existing system capability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of system acquisition, what is the significance of an 'affordable price'?

<p>It is crucial if the system also is able to provide its desired functionality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'system deployment' involve, in the context of IT infrastructure?

<p>Either utilizing existing systems or creating new ones using IT resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the example of a manual billing system demonstrate about automated system development?

<p>That a key advantage of automation is that it controls data distribution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contract type places greater financial risk on the buyer due to potentially unclear initial pricing and scope?

<p>Time and materials contracts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fundamentally used as the foundation for acceptance tests in software contracts?

<p>Information and system requirements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically included in the terms and conditions of a software contract?

<p>Projected supplier profits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under a software contract, what aspect is used to define clear success criteria prior to the final acceptance of the software?

<p>Explicit criteria for defining acceptance of each deliverable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these elements are NOT usually explicitly required in a software contract regarding deliverables?

<p>The internal hourly rate of the supplier employees working on the project (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a software contract, what purpose do testing procedures serve?

<p>To identify problems and define acceptance through results (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a software contract specifically define regarding the use of trademarks or copyrights, if applicable?

<p>Terms or limitations with the use of any related trademark rights or copyrights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides just timing of delivery, what key aspect regarding deliverables is defined in software contracts?

<p>A clear description of each item (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Rapid Application Development (RAD), what is the primary focus when a project begins to fall behind schedule?

<p>Reducing the scope of project requirements to fit within the predetermined timeline. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of users within the RAD framework?

<p>Users are involved in system design through structured workshops and facilitated interactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In comparison to other software development methodologies such as Waterfall and Spiral; RAD is specifically known for:

<p>Delivering an operational version of the application considerably faster. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant potential risk, specifically linked to how fast RAD delivers systems, that may negatively impact the final product?

<p>Reduced system quality due to low emphasis on rigorous testing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option below best describes the documentation created within the RAD framework?

<p>Documentation is produced that facilitates both future development and maintenance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'timeboxing' typically mean in the context of a RAD project?

<p>Prioritizing development and setting defined delivery deadlines, with a fixed timeframe. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'feature creep' in the context of RAD?

<p>The addition of more and more features to the system during development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common output of the RAD process, emphasizing the production of working software?

<p>A fully operational initial version of production software, not a throwaway prototype. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of analyzing feedback from current users when evaluating vendor systems?

<p>It offers a direct understanding of the system's performance, operations, issues, and vendor support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When acquiring hardware, what is the main purpose of conducting standard benchmark tests?

<p>To verify if the proposed hardware meets predefined performance standards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During software acquisition, what should the focus be when considering the programs?

<p>The programs should support both current applications and planned processing needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of using benchmarking problems during system acquisition?

<p>To check if the vendor-offered system fulfills the buyer's job requirements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What categories of tasks are generally included in a set of benchmarking problems?

<p>A mix of long and short jobs, printing tasks, disk operations, mathematical calculations, and input/output loads. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can benchmarking problems provide a basis for deciding between vendor proposals?

<p>They offer a realistic comparison of different vendors' systems using tangible data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspects of a system should be evaluated through benchmark tests?

<p>Hardware performance, compiler language, operating system abilities, diagnostic messages, handling of data structures and software utilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main shortcomings of using benchmarking problems for evaluating systems?

<p>They are time-consuming, require a precise definition of the job mix, and need operational infrastructure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Systems Development Requirements

Guidelines for creating a working software system.

User Manual

A document explaining how to use a software system.

Post-Implementation Review

A summary of lessons learned after project completion.

Internet of Things (IoT)

Network of devices exchanging information without human intervention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Information System (IS)

Combination of people, technology, and processes to manage data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Components of Information System

Includes input, processing, output, and feedback components.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Feedback Mechanism

Process that allows a system to adjust based on output results.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Data Processing

The manipulation of data to produce meaningful information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Object Code

Machine language resulting from translating source code.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Response Time

The time taken for a system to respond to a request.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Overhead Requirements

Resources needed by the operating system to run user programs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Information Systems

Systems that combine IT hardware and software for processing info.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Business Transactions Processing

Handling of business operations to generate information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Human Know-How

The practical knowledge and skills of people to optimize systems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

System Development

The process of creating computer-based systems that fit organizational needs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Effective Deployment

Implementing a system that enhances productivity and efficiency.

Signup and view all the flashcards

System Deployment

The process of implementing new software or systems to improve functionalities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

System Acquisition Reasons

Factors motivating organizations to acquire new systems, such as costs or performance issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cost Effectiveness

Acquiring systems at affordable prices that fulfill necessary tasks efficiently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

System Stress

When existing systems fail to meet user requirements, prompting a need for change.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Complete Overhaul

A significant replacement or redesign of existing systems rather than minor updates.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Software systems that integrate core business processes for efficiency and data management.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Business Opportunity

A chance for growth that leads management to acquire new systems for better performance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Manual Billing System Challenges

Issues faced in a manual billing process, such as ensuring price list accuracy and availability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

User Feedback

Insights from current users regarding a system's performance and issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Benchmark Tests

Standard tests for evaluating hardware performance based on defined criteria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Benchmarking Problems

Problem sets used to assess how well a vendor's computer meets job requirements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Job Mix

A variety of tasks that represents typical workloads in benchmarking.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hardware Performance

Effectiveness and efficiency of a computer's CPU and I/O units during tasks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Software Considerations

Factors regarding current or new applications relevant to processing needs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vendor Proposals

Offers made by suppliers detailing their hardware or software solutions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Disadvantages of Benchmarking

Challenges in creating representative tests and requiring existing operational systems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Graphical User Interface (GUI) builders

Tools that allow users to create software interfaces visually without programming.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools

Software tools that provide automated support for software process activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Project control in RAD

In RAD, it focuses on prioritizing requirements and meeting delivery deadlines (timeboxes).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Joint Application Development (JAD)

A methodology that involves users in system design through structured workshops.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Feature creep

The tendency for project requirements to increase during development, leading to scope issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Strength of RAD Model

Produces operational software faster and at a lower cost than traditional methods.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Weakness of RAD Model

Can lead to lower system quality due to rushed development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Iterative software production

RAD emphasizes producing and revising software in cycles, not just prototyping.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Software Contracts

Agreements for software development, marketing, or licensing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Time and Materials Contract

Fees based on actual costs of time and materials used.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Financial Risk on Buyer

Risk that unclear requirements lead to unexpected costs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Functional Work Definition

A clear outline of the work to be performed in a contract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acceptance Tests

Procedures to verify system requirements are met.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deliverables

Items that a supplier must provide by a specified date.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Supplier Qualifications

Specifications regarding the skills needed for personnel.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Installation Requirements

Expectations and processes for setting up the software.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

System Acquisition and Development Methodologies

  • Learning outcomes for this chapter: Students will be able to conceptualize a systematic approach to System Acquisition, review phase-wise activities, understand software procurement, evaluate IT proposals, analyze current systems, compare SDLC models, and know advantages/disadvantages of system development models.

Chapter Overview

  • Information systems are crucial in modern business, connecting people and various systems.

  • Learning outcomes are to conceptualize system acquisition, understand software procurement, analyze current systems, compare and contrast SDLC models, and know the advantages/disadvantages of various systems development models.

Information System Acquisition

  • Acquisition Standards: Security, reliability, and functionality built into hardware/software.

    • Ensuring existing system compatibility.
    • Vendor contract reviews and licensing.
    • Bids for hardware/software acquisition.
    • Bidding procedures for hardware/software acquisition.

  • Acquiring components: Organizations need hardware, software, and services for system functionality.

    • Options for acquisition: Purchase, lease, or rent.
    • System acquisition committee to ensure timely/effective completion.
    • Requests for Proposal (RFP) stages to solicit proposals from vendors.

Methods of Validating Proposals

  • Checklists: A straightforward method to evaluate, using predetermined questions for vendor responses, including software/hardware aspects.

  • Point-Scoring Analysis: An objective method to identify matching user needs with software capabilities, including data processing needs, vendor reputation, and costs.

Hardware/Software Acquisition

  • Hardware acquisition: Selection techniques based on criteria like machine tools, transportation, etc. Management needs to depend on vendors for support/implementation/training.

  • Software Acquisition: Systems analysis should define the nature of the application software, whether in-house development or vendor purchase, based on the system's workload.

  • Contracts: Outline responsibilities, performance assurances, source code accessibility, software/data security, and other important issues.

  • Licensing: Define the rights to use software, and comply with legal restrictions (e.g., GDPR).

  • Copyright Violation: Avoid using unlicensed software and understand licensing agreements to prevent legal issues.

  • Vendor Validation: Evaluate software/hardware's compatibility with existing systems, costs, and benefits, plus overall maintainability and vendor support.

System Acquisition Cycle

  • Defining System Requirements: Identify system objectives and business goals, details on input, processing, and output data.

  • Identifying Alternatives: List options like off-the-shelf software, purchased packages, in-house development, or outsourcing.

  • Feasibility Analysis: Assess technical, economic, and operational feasibility for various alternatives.

  • Risk Analysis: Review system security and vulnerabilities, and evaluate potential impacts.

  • Selection Process: Choose the best alternative, balancing requirements, cost, and other factors.

  • Procurement of Software: Negotiate contract terms, including functionality specifications, hardware, and intellectual property rights.

  • Completing Final Acceptance: Verify that the system functions as per the agreement. Ensure contracts address price, conditions, and any technical support terms.

Methodologies

  • Waterfall: Sequence of steps, one must complete before the next one starts.

    • Advantages include resource conservation.
    • Disadvantages include rigidity, inflexibility, and difficulty changing course.

  • Prototyping: Development of a preliminary version to gather user feedback.

    • Advantages include customer involvement and flexibility.
    • Disadvantages include potential behavioral changes, potential risk in changing requirements.

  • Incremental: Combine elements of traditional and iterative methods, developing smaller parts of the application, one at a time.

    • Advantages include flexibility and rapid delivery.
    • Disadvantages include potential issues in handling system architecture.

  • Spiral: Combines top-down and bottom-up ideas. Intended for complex projects and allows for risk analysis.

    • Advantages include addressing risks early and making adjustments based on feedback.
    • Disadvantages include complexity and possibly difficulty demonstrating early success to management.

  • Rapid Application Development (RAD): Minimal planning and rapid prototyping.

    • Advantages include fast development and lower costs.
    • Disadvantages include potential quality issues and more complex projects.

  • Agile: Iterative and incremental approach, flexible, responsive to changes, and highly collaborative.

    • Advantages include strong user involvement, flexibility, and early feedback.
    • Disadvantages include potential issues with project documentation and possible lack of structure.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

System Acquisition and Development Methodologies PDF

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser