Information Systems Development Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Agile methodologies?

  • Collaboration with motivated developers
  • Involvement of customers
  • Dynamic requirements
  • Fixed scope from the beginning (correct)

Extreme Programming emphasizes solitary working methods over teamwork.

False (B)

What is the primary purpose of information systems analysis and design?

  • To develop and maintain computer-based information systems (correct)
  • To develop marketing strategies
  • To conduct employee training sessions
  • To create operational budgets

What phase of the Rational Unified Process involves defining the project scope and understanding user requirements?

<p>Inception</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) consists of a single step approach to system development.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ phase of the Rational Unified Process is where users are trained and the system is deployed.

<p>transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RAD stand for in the context of information systems development?

<p>Rapid Application Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts to their descriptions:

<p>Object = Encapsulates attributes and behaviors of a real-world entity Inheritance = Allows subclasses to inherit properties from superclasses Object Class = A grouping of objects with shared attributes RUP = A structured object-oriented development methodology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tools in information systems development are typically __________ programs that assist in using techniques effectively.

<p>computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following decades with their key focus in systems analysis and design:

<p>1950s = Efficient automation of existing processes 1960s = Advent of third generation languages 1970s = System development as an engineering discipline</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which methodology is known for developing software in incremental cycles?

<p>Agile methodologies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools help in improving the quality of the final product in software engineering.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of methodologies in information systems development?

<p>To guide work through comprehensive multiple step approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major focus of the 1990s in systems analysis and design?

<p>Systems Integration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The only role of a systems analyst is to design information systems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SDLC stand for?

<p>Systems Development Life Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the __________ phase of SDLC, system requirements are studied and structured.

<p>Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with their corresponding descriptions:

<p>Planning = Identify and prioritize information system needs Analysis = Study and structure system requirements Design = Convert solution recommendations into specifications Implementation = Deploy the completed system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'logical design'?

<p>A detailed description of system features independent of the computer platform (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The physical design phase transforms logical specifications into technology-specific details.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of applications became prominent in the new century?

<p>Web applications and cloud-based application services</p> Signup and view all the answers

A systems analyst is primarily responsible for __________ and designing information systems.

<p>analyzing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which generation language advanced significantly in the 1980s?

<p>Fourth generation languages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the implementation phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

<p>The information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Waterfall SDLC allows for extensive backtracking between phases.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using Agile methodologies in development?

<p>Increased flexibility and iterative development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ________ phase of the SDLC, an information system is systematically repaired and improved.

<p>maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each approach to its description:

<p>CASE Tools = Tools for graphical representation and analysis Rapid Application Development (RAD) = Method to quickly develop applications Agile Methodologies = Iterative development with user feedback eXtreme Programming = Focus on improving software quality and responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a problem associated with the Waterfall approach?

<p>Limited user involvement after the requirements phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

CASE tools can help standardize technical documentation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the analysis tools in CASE Tools verify?

<p>Consistency in diagrams, forms, and reports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ________ repository in CASE tools provides integrated storage of diagrams and project specifications.

<p>central</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase in the Systems Development Life Cycle comes after implementation?

<p>Maintenance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the Rapid Application Development (RAD) approach?

<p>Emphasizes extensive user involvement and prototyping. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) focuses on building systems by integrating hardware components.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three key principles of Agile Methodologies?

<p>Adaptive rather than predictive, emphasize people rather than roles, self-adaptive processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

RAD involves extensive user involvement, prototyping, and ______________ sessions.

<p>Joint Application Design (JAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methodologies with their key focus:

<p>Rapid Application Development (RAD) = User involvement and prototyping Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) = Software component assembly Agile Methodologies = Adaptive processes and people Waterfall Model = Sequential phases and documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Agile Methodologies?

<p>Fluid, unpredictable, and dynamic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Integrated CASE tools are not part of the Rapid Application Development (RAD) process.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)?

<p>To build complete systems by assembling software components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Agile Methodologies, the focus shifts from processes to ___________.

<p>people</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with Rapid Application Development (RAD)?

<p>Sequential development phases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Information Systems Analysis and Design

The process of developing and maintaining computer-based systems, involving collaboration between business and IT professionals.

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

The systematic approach to building information systems, encompassing stages from planning to implementation and maintenance.

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

A rapid development method that emphasizes quick iteration and user feedback for software creation.

Prototyping

A software development approach that uses mockups and prototypes for early user feedback, iteratively refining the system.

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Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE)

Tools and techniques used to automate and support software development processes.

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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

A software design approach where independent, reusable blocks of code are combined to create applications.

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Agile Methodologies

Agile development methodologies focus on iterative development, continuous feedback, and adaptable planning.

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Extreme Programming

An extreme form of agile development emphasizing simple designs, frequent testing, and pair programming.

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What is Application Software?

Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes.

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Who is a Systems Analyst?

The organizational role most responsible for analyzing and designing information systems.

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What is System Development Methodology?

A standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems.

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What is the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

A traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems, encompassing phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.

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What happens during the Planning phase of SDLC?

The initial phase of SDLC where an organization's overall information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged.

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What happens during the Analysis phase of SDLC?

The phase of SDLC where system requirements are studied and structured.

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What is Logical Design in SDLC?

Describes the chosen solution in logical terms, independent of specific technology.

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What is Physical Design in SDLC?

Transforms the logical design into technology-specific details for programming and construction.

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What is a System Design?

A description of the recommended solution for a system, incorporating logical and physical aspects.

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What happens during the Implementation phase of SDLC?

The phase of SDLC where the designed system is built and implemented.

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What is Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD)?

Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) is a software development approach based on objects, which represent real-world entities with attributes and behaviors. It focuses on creating reusable software components.

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What is an Object Class?

An object class is a blueprint or template that defines the shared properties and behaviors of a group of objects. It acts as a category for similar objects, like a 'dog' class for all dog objects.

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What is inheritance in OOAD?

Inheritance is a powerful mechanism in OOAD that lets subclasses inherit properties and behaviors from their parent classes. It promotes code reusability and a hierarchical structure.

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What is the Rational Unified Process (RUP)?

The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a structured methodology for developing object-oriented systems. It divides the development process into four phases: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition, each with its own objectives.

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What is Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)?

A software development approach where independent, reusable code blocks are combined to create applications.

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What is Rapid Application Development (RAD)?

An approach to developing information systems that emphasizes rapid development, user involvement and prototyping.

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What are Agile Methodologies?

Software development methodologies that emphasize adaptive planning, iterative development and continuous feedback.

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What are CASE Tools?

Tools used for automation and support in software development processes.

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What is the core concept of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)?

A method for building complex information systems by assembling reusable software components that each fulfill a specific business function.

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What is the main goal of RAD?

An approach to systems development that emphasizes collaboration between developers and end users, rapid prototyping, and iterative improvement.

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What is one key principle of Agile Methodologies?

Agile Methodologies prioritize individuals and interactions over processes and tools.

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What is another key principle of Agile Methodologies?

Agile Methodologies favor responding to change over following a rigid plan.

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What is the core principle of Agile Methodologies regarding working software vs documentation?

One of the key principles of Agile Methodologies is a focus on working software over comprehensive documentation.

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What is a fundamental concept underlying Agile Methodologies?

Agile Methodologies advocate for collaborative and continuous interactions within development teams.

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Implementation Phase

The phase where the information system is built, tested, installed, and made available to the organization.

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Maintenance Phase

The phase where an information system is regularly maintained, repaired, and improved to ensure its continued effectiveness and efficiency.

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Waterfall SDLC

A traditional SDLC approach where each phase is completed sequentially with little backtracking or looping. This focuses on milestones and deadlines but has limited flexibility and user involvement.

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Fixed Requirements in Waterfall

A major problem with the Waterfall SDLC approach where final requirements are fixed and cannot be changed later in development, which can lead to a system that doesn't fully meet needs.

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Limited User Involvement in Waterfall

A drawback of the Waterfall SDLC where users are only involved in defining requirements, but they are not involved in ongoing decisions or feedback throughout the development process.

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CASE Tools

Tools like diagram editors, report generators, and code generators that help automate and improve various aspects of software development.

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CASE Tool Diagramming

One of the features of CASE tools where diagrams can visually represent information, aiding in system analysis and design.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course Title: Information Systems Analysis and Design
  • Course Number: IT 352
  • Instructor: Haifa Alhasson
  • Year: 2020

Brief List of Topics

  • Overview of Information System development environment
  • Managing the Information Systems Project
  • Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects
  • Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects
  • Determining system requirements
  • Structuring System Process Requirements
  • Designing information systems
  • System Implementation
  • Maintaining Information Systems

Reference

  • Modern Systems Analysis and Design, 6th/8th Edition
  • By Hoffer, George & Valacich, 2012/2017

Chapter 1: The Systems Development Environment

Learning Objectives

  • Define information systems analysis and design
  • Describe the information Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
  • Explain Rapid Application Development (RAD), prototyping, Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE), and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
  • Describe agile methodologies and extreme programming
  • Explain Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and the Rational Unified Process (RUP)

Introduction

  • Information Systems Analysis and Design is a complex organizational process
  • Used to develop and maintain computer-based information systems
  • Used by a team of business and systems professionals

Introduction (Cont.)

  • Driven by methodologies, techniques, and tools
  • Methodologies are comprehensive multiple-step approaches that guide work and influence final product quality
  • Techniques are specific processes analysts follow to ensure clarity and effectiveness for others
  • Tools are computer programs that make techniques easy to use and follow development guidelines

A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design

  • 1950s: focus on efficient automation of existing processes
  • 1960s: advent of third-generation languages (3GL), faster and more reliable computers
  • 1970s: system development becomes more like an engineering discipline
  • 1980s: major breakthrough with fourth-generation languages (4GL), CASE tools, object-oriented methods
  • 1990s: focus on systems integration, graphical user interface (GUI) applications, client/server platforms, Internet
  • The new century: Web application development, wireless PDAs and smart phones, component-based applications, per-use cloud-based application services

Application Software

  • Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes

Systems Analyst

  • Organizational role most responsible for analysis and design of information systems

Developing Information Systems

  • System Development Methodology is the standard process followed by an organization to conduct every step for analyzing, designing, implementing, and maintaining information systems

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

  • Traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems
  • Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Maintenance

Standard and Evolutionary Views of SDLC

  • A standard view follows sequential phases, proceeding from planning to maintenance.
  • An evolutionary view describes how phases can occur, adapting and changing as new information arises, with emphasis on iterative development.

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

  • Planning: Identifying, analyzing, prioritizing, and arranging an organization's total information system needs
  • Analysis: Studying and structuring system requirements

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

  • Design: Converting recommended solutions into logical and physical system specifications
    • Logical design: Describing functional features without specifying platform
    • Physical design: Translating logical specifications into technology details for programming and system construction

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

  • Implementation: Coding, testing, installing, and supporting the information system within the organization
  • Maintenance: Systematically repairing and improving the information system

Products of SDLC Phases

  • Detailed tables describe products, outputs, and deliverables for Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, and Maintenance phases.

The Heart of the Systems Development Process

A cyclical approach combining analysis, design, and implementation activities.

  • Key activities are repeated as needed.

Traditional Waterfall SDLC

  • In Waterfall SDLC, one phase is completed before entering the next phase.
  • Backtracking is limited because each phase must be completed before the next begins.

Problems with Waterfall Approach

  • System requirements are fixed after initial determination.
  • User involvement is limited to the requirements phase.
  • Focus on milestones/deadlines of SDLC phases, compromising development sound practices

Different Approaches to Improving Development

  • CASE Tools
  • Rapid Application Development (RAD)
  • Agile Methodologies
  • eXtreme Programming

Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools

  • Diagramming tools for graphical representation
  • Computer displays and report generators for prototyping system "look and feel"
  • Analysis tools for consistency checks in diagrams, forms, and reports
  • Central repository for integrated storage of diagrams, reports, and project management specifications
  • Documentation generators for standardization
  • Code generators for automated program and database code generation

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

  • RAD is an approach aiming for quicker, cheaper systems by involving developers and end-users concurrently
  • Includes extensive user involvement, prototyping, Joint Application Design (JAD) sessions, integrated CASE tools, and code generators

Rapid Application Development (RAD) (Cont.)

Life cycle typically starts with requirements planning, followed by user design, construction, and cutover

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

  • Using assembling software components that fulfill specific business functions as part of the system design

Agile Methodologies

  • An adaptive approach to software development; recognizes that development is dynamic.
  • Three key principles: adaptive, people-focused, self-adaptive
  • Emphasizes flexibility in response to changing conditions

When to use Agile Methodologies

  • Unpredictable or dynamic requirements
  • Responsible and motivated developers
  • Customers who understand the process and will get involved

eXtreme Programming

  • Short, incremental development cycles
  • Automated tests
  • Two-person programming teams

Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD)

  • Focuses on objects rather than data or processes
  • Objects encapsulate attributes and behaviors of real-world entities
  • Object class is a grouping of objects possessing the same attributes and behaviors

Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) (Cont.)

  • Inheriting properties of super classes (hierarchical arrangement of classes) allows for code reuse

Rational Unified Process (RUP)

  • A phased object-oriented development methodology (inception, elaboration, construction, and transition)
  • Inception phase: define scope, feasibility, and user requirements
  • Elaboration phase: detail user requirements and outline base line architecture
  • Construction phase: coding, testing, and documentation
  • Transition phase: deployment, training, and user support

Summary

  • Key concepts and methods for systems development are covered in this chapter. Various alternative frameworks to SDLC are explained, including RAD, Agile, and Object-Oriented approaches (such as RUP).

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