MIS CH:3
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Questions and Answers

What primary function do Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) serve?

  • Providing strategic decision support to executives
  • Replacing manual procedures with computer-based procedures for routine tasks (correct)
  • Analyzing less structured problems in real-time
  • Gathering internal and external information for analysis

    • Which characteristic is fundamental to Management Information Systems (MIS)?

  • Collecting real-time data from various sources
  • Emphasizing flexibility in program design
  • Providing interactive dialogue for sporadic issues
  • Generating structured reports for regular decision-making (correct)

    • How does Management by Exception function within MIS?

  • It only alerts managers when performance deviates from established norms. (correct)
  • It highlights achievements over failures.
  • It provides comprehensive reports regardless of performance levels.
  • It compiles data only when all standards are met.

    • What is a distinctive feature of Decision Support Systems (DSS)?

    <p>They facilitate user interaction for sporadic or less structured issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Executive Information Systems (EIS)?

    <p>To deliver critical internal and external information for executives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Critical Success Factors (CSF) in the context of an EIS?

    <p>Key business variables that EIS must focus on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature discussed for Executive Information Systems (EIS)?

    <p>Focus on operational rather than strategic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do databases play in Management Information Systems (MIS)?

    <p>They support MIS by providing data for structured reports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of information system is typically designed for highly structured routine tasks?

    <p>Transaction Processing System (TPS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What capability do information systems have when supporting non-structured strategic tasks?

    <p>Support for complex non-routine decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which information system is likely most suitable for decision-making that requires a combination of structured and complex inputs?

    <p>Decision Support System (DSS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do information systems support different levels of task structure?

    <p>By adapting to the level of task complexity and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of systems are specifically designed to meet the needs of management tasks with varying levels of structure?

    <p>Executive Information Systems (EIS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Information System Support for Different Levels of Task and Decision Complexity?

    <p>Facilitating decisions for routine and complex tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do information systems enhance management activities across different structure levels?

    <p>By supporting various management styles and structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which type of tasks are Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) primarily intended?

    <p>Highly structured routine tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which information system is best suited for unstructured management decisions?

    <p>Executive Information System (EIS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do information systems enable regarding task complexity?

    <p>Support for both simple and complex tasks and decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes non-structured decisions?

    <p>Decisions lacking clear procedures and identifiable factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is an example of an interactive system?

    <p>Decision Support System (DSS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does flexibility in information systems allow?

    <p>Adaptation to the unique needs of decision-makers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are structured decisions characterized by?

    <p>Defined processes and easily identifiable information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the deviation from the norm method assist managers?

    <p>By comparing actual results with what was forecasted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of grouping exceptions in reports?

    <p>To simplify the identification of issues based on specific criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sequence function in reports achieve?

    <p>It arranges report entries to highlight significant issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of situations are Decision Support Systems (DSS) less useful?

    <p>Well-structured situations with identifiable information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines non-structured environments?

    <p>Environments where necessary information is hard to identify.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is crucial for the learning curve of Executive Information Systems (EIS)?

    <p>Intuitive design that supports quick user adaptation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does information aggregation play in Executive Information Systems (EIS)?

    <p>It combines data from various sources into cohesive outputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enhances human reasoning capacity in decision-making?

    <p>Decision Support Systems providing relevant data and tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines computer data processing capacity in the context of DSS?

    <p>The capacity to perform real-time data processing for rapid decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of information system design?

    <p>Structuring systems to meet decision-makers' needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of an Executive Information System (EIS) allows it to adapt to the user’s specific preferences?

    <p>User’s Personal Preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of decision is characterized by well-defined processes and identifiable information needs?

    <p>Structured Decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Decision Support Systems (DSS) in the context of non-structured decisions?

    <p>To provide flexible tools and relevant information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is primarily utilized to support decisions at the tactical management level?

    <p>Management Information System (MIS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do analytical models in Decision Support Systems (DSS) assist users?

    <p>By offering interactive tools to explore alternative solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is crucial for the effective functioning of Management Information Systems (MIS) and Decision Support Systems (DSS)?

    <p>Information System Integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the flexibility of an information system in terms of supporting decision makers?

    <p>The ability to adapt to different needs and situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes non-structured decisions from structured ones?

    <p>Their information needs are not clear at the beginning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of information systems, what is meant by 'Information System Support for Planning Tasks'?

    <p>Providing tools and information for strategic decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the manager’s criteria in decision-making within a Decision Support System (DSS)?

    <p>To influence the outcome of decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evolution of information systems primarily aimed at?

    <p>Enhancing information needs for different management levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of information system support for control activities?

    <p>To provide necessary data for executives to manage operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the database access feature of Decision Support Systems (DSS)?

    <p>Ability to gather data from various organizational systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the necessary information required by managers for making decisions?

    <p>Information Needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of information system is designed to support routine tasks that follow well-understood procedures?

    <p>Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of decision is primarily supported by Decision Support Systems (DSS)?

    <p>Non-routine decisions that may be non-structured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which information system is tailored to meet the needs of top-level executives?

    <p>Executive Information Systems (EIS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which management level is Management Information Systems (MIS) primarily utilized?

    <p>Middle-level management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of information system is designed to support complex non-routine tasks?

    <p>Decision Support Systems (DSS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of decisions does an Executive Information System (EIS) primarily support?

    <p>High-level strategic decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes information systems that support decision-making at all levels of management?

    <p>Information Systems for Different Levels of Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system is specifically aimed at supporting tactical level decisions?

    <p>Management Information Systems (MIS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) from other information systems?

    <p>Facilitation of routine task automation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a primary function of a Decision Support System (DSS)?

    <p>Management of routine tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of information systems that support operational level decisions?

    <p>Providing transaction data and automating routine tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which information system is geared towards supporting lower-level managers by automating tasks?

    <p>Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the relationships between different types of information systems?

    <p>Each system type supports a specific level of decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of information system provides relevant internal and external information for strategic-level decisions?

    <p>Executive Information Systems (EIS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

    • Replace manual procedures with computer-based ones for routine tasks.
    • Faster and more accurate than manual methods.
    • Used for invoicing, payroll, production, and order processing.

    Management Information Systems (MIS)

    • Provide managers with information for decisions and problem-solving.
    • Supported by corporate databases (including TPS data).
    • Offer structured reports for routine decisions.
    • Support structured decision-making.
    • Include deviation from the norm, grouping exceptions, and sequence functions to highlight exceptions.

    Management by Exception

    • Compares actual performance to pre-set standards.
    • Highlights performance issues outside acceptable limits.
    • Can be integrated into MIS reports in four ways: reports only on exceptions, highlights exceptions in sequence, groups exceptions together, and shows deviation from the norm.

    Decision Support Systems (DSS)

    • Interactive systems for less-defined, sporadic problems.
    • Facilitate dialogue, provide database access, and offer models.
    • Designed for non-structured or semi-structured decisions.
    • Useful in non-structured environments.
    • Less useful in well-structured situations.
    • Feature interactive systems, flexibility in information systems, database access, and analytical models.

    Executive Information Systems (EIS)

    • Designed for top-level managers.
    • Provide internal and external information for executive support.
    • Must gather, present, and focus on critical success factors.
    • Easy to use and support communication/time management.
    • Important qualities include ease of use, communication support, information presentation, information aggregation, and user-specific preferences.

    Critical Success Factors (CSF)

    • Key business areas an EIS must provide information on.
    • EIS must adapt to changes in business.

    Non-structured Decisions

    • Decisions with no predefined procedures or easily identifiable factors.
    • DSS are designed to assist with these.

    Interactive Systems

    • Allow user interaction for requests, model creation/modification, report design, and data management.
    • DSS are an example.

    Flexibility in Information Systems

    • Ability of a system to adapt to diverse user needs.
    • DSS and EIS are designed for flexible report customization.

    Structured Decisions

    • Decisions with defined process and easily identifiable information needs.
    • MIS systems support these.

    Deviation from the Norm

    • Compares actual performance with forecasts.
    • Presents differences as deviations to identify performance gaps.

    Grouping Exceptions

    • Reports group exceptions based on criteria.

    Sequence Function in Reports

    • Arranges entries in ascending or descending order.
    • Highlights exceptions by presenting them at the top.

    Well-structured Situations

    • Situations where the necessary information for decision-making is known beforehand.
    • DSS are less effective in these cases.

    Non-structured Environments

    • Environments where information needed for decisions isn't clear beforehand.
    • DSS are particularly helpful in these scenarios.

    Executive’s Daily Routine

    • Includes meetings, calls, conferences, etc.
    • Executives lean towards verbal communication.

    Evolution of Information Systems

    • Development from TPS to MIS, DSS, and EIS.
    • Each stage addresses specific management levels' information needs.

    Information System Design

    • Structuring IS to meet decision-maker needs.
    • Database structure is crucial for rational information use and system integration.

    Human Reasoning Capacity

    • Decision-making ability of humans.
    • DSS expand this capability by providing data and interactive tools.

    Computer Data Processing Capacity

    • Ability of computers to process data and information.
    • DSS utilizes this for analytical models and database access.

    Problem Resolution with DSS

    • Using DSS to resolve fairly unstructured problems.
    • Offering analytical models and database access for varied solutions exploration.

    Ease of Use in EIS

    • Crucial for EIS, requiring direct and intuitive access.

    Communication Support in EIS

    • Supports communication (e.g., email).
    • Aids organization of executive schedule (e.g., calendar).

    Information Presentation in EIS

    • Meaningful and manageable information.
    • Allows detailed exploration if needed.

    Information Aggregation in EIS

    • Combining data from various sources into a single view.

    User’s Personal Preferences in EIS

    • Adapting information presentation to user preferences.

    Decision-Making Process

    • Process for managers, often with information system support.
    • Supports various types of decisions, structured to non-structured.

    Information Needs

    • Specific information required for decisions.
    • Needs may become clear during non-structured decision-making.

    Database Access in DSS

    • Accessing data from TPS, administrative systems, and external sources

    Analytical Models in DSS

    • Models used to display information and explore solutions.
    • Interactive and adaptable for different problem scenarios.

    Report Format and Content in DSS

    • Allows users to customize report formats and content.

    Manager’s Criteria in Decision-Making

    • Manager's judgment and reasoning, crucial in non-structured decisions.
    • DSS supports, but does not replace, manager's choices.

    Information System Integration

    • Ensuring proper integration and data sharing between systems.

    Information System Flexibility

    • Adaptability of the system to the needs of decision makers.
    • Especially critical for DSS and EIS.

    Information System Evolution

    • Development of IS over time with changing management needs.

    Information System Design for Decision-Makers

    • Designing IS systems to offer maximum flexibility.
    • Information structure based on information sources, not predefined needs.

    Information System Support for Non-Programmed Decisions

    • Supporting decisions not pre-planned, not structured

    Information System Support for Control Activities

    • Supporting control functions with appropriate information.

    Information System Support for Planning Tasks

    • Supporting various planning tasks.

    Information System Support for Strategic Decisions

    • Supporting strategic decision-making with internal and external information.

    Information System Support for Tactical Decisions

    • Supporting tactical decisions with structured reports and data.

    Information System Support for Operational Decisions

    • Supporting operational decisions with automated data generation.

    Information System Support for Structured Decisions

    • Supporting decisions with clear procedures and known information needs.

    Information System Support for Non-Structured Decisions

    • Supporting decisions with unclear procedures and needed information.

    Information System Support for Semi-Structured Decisions

    • Supporting partially structured decisions.

    Information System Support for Routine Tasks

    • Supporting repetitive tasks with well-defined procedures.

    Information System Support for Non-Routine Tasks

    • Supporting non-repetitive tasks.

    Information System Support for High-Level Management

    • Supporting the informational needs of top executives.

    Information System Support for Middle Management

    • Supporting the informational needs of middle managers.

    Information System Support for Lower-Level Management

    • Supporting the information needs of lower-level managers.

    Information System Support for Decision-Making at All Levels

    • Supporting all levels of decision making.

    Information System Support for Strategic Level Decisions

    • Supporting strategic decisions with relevant information.

    Information System Support for Tactical Level Decisions

    • Supporting tactical decisions with structured reporting.

    Information System Support for Operational Level Decisions

    • Supporting operational decisions with automated data.

    Information System Support for Different Levels of Management

    • Supporting different management levels' information needs.

    Information System Support for Different Types of Decisions

    • Supporting various decision types, structured to non-structured.

    Information System Support for Different Types of Tasks

    • Supporting various types of tasks, routine to non-routine.

    Information System Support for Different Levels of Decision-Making

    • Supporting decisions across different management levels.

    Information System Support for Different Levels of Task Complexity

    • Supporting tasks with varying levels of complexity.

    Information System Support for Different Levels of Decision Complexity

    • Supporting decisions with varying degrees of complexity.

    Information System Support for Different Levels of Management Complexity

    • Supporting management tasks with differing complexities.

    Information System Support for Different Levels of Task Structure

    • Supporting tasks with differing structural complexity.

    Information System Support for Different Levels of Decision Structure

    • Supporting decisions with different levels of structure.

    Information System Support for Different Levels of Management Structure

    • Supporting management activities across different structures.

    Information System Support for Different Levels of Task, Decision, and Management Structure and Complexity

    • Supporting various tasks, decisions, and management levels.

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