Information Systems in Global Business Today
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What is the primary role of computer programs within an information system?

  • Storing raw data before processing.
  • Evaluating feedback from environmental actors.
  • Providing the physical equipment for information storage.
  • Directing and controlling computer processing. (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes the relationship between computers and information systems?

  • Information systems are components that make up computers.
  • Computers are merely tools that support information systems. (correct)
  • Computers and information systems are the same thing.
  • Computers are used for feedback while information systems are used for input.

    • Which activity is considered a core function of an information system, alongside input and processing?

  • Data refinement
  • Stockholder communication
  • Environmental monitoring
  • Output generation (correct)

    • What is the purpose of 'feedback' within an information system as described?

    <p>To evaluate and refine inputs or activities based on outputs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following entities are considered 'environmental actors' that interact with an organization and its information systems?

    <p>Regulatory agencies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function primarily focuses on securing and nurturing the workforce?

    <p>Human Resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect defines an organization's unique culture?

    <p>The fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of information systems in relation to business processes?

    <p>To automate many business processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which department would MOST likely use an information system to manage invoices and customer billing?

    <p>Finance and Accounting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario describes a business process that is NOT formally documented?

    <p>An unwritten practice of returning calls promptly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organization is implementing a new Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. How might this MOST directly impact its business processes?

    <p>By automating and formalizing a larger number of processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MOST direct role of the sales and marketing function?

    <p>Promoting and selling products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A company prides itself on employee empowerment and flexible work arrangements. What aspect of the company does this represent?

    <p>Its organizational culture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of JurongHealth's adoption of innovative information technologies?

    <p>To provide transformative medical care for its patients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which award did Ng Teng Fong General Hospital receive in 2016, indicating its high level of IT systems implementation?

    <p>HIMSS Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model Award. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Project OneCare initiative implemented by JurongHealth?

    <p>To integrate multiple healthcare IT systems for improved efficiency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology does JurongHealth use to automate inventory top-up requests?

    <p>Passive radio frequency identification (RFID). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Real-Time Location Tracking System work in JurongHealth?

    <p>Using Wi-Fi triangulation, low frequency exciters, and active RFID tags. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit does JurongHealth gain from using the Real-Time Location Tracking System?

    <p>Elimination of the need for manual searching of patients and equipment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which processes were eliminated because of the integration of IT systems at JurongHealth?

    <p>Paper-based records, manual charting, and physical film storage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers a drug replenishment request in JurongHealth's inventory management system?

    <p>Transferring the RFID tag from an empty compartment into a drop-box. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of U.S. employment is represented by manufacturing as of the information provided?

    <p>9 percent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sectors has NOT been mentioned as losing jobs to offshore production?

    <p>Legal Services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the net job creation in the U.S. during 2018?

    <p>2.6 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following job categories is primarily associated with lower-skilled occupations that have moved offshore?

    <p>Information Systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge for business students according to the passage?

    <p>To develop high-level skills that cannot be outsourced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend has accelerated the development of new systems in the U.S. and globally?

    <p>Outsourcing due to lower costs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which job market trend was noted regarding job openings in information systems and technologies as of 2019?

    <p>Demand far exceeded the supply of applicants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result for sectors that deal with goods and services produceable offshore at a lower cost?

    <p>Avoidance of those markets for business (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method do high-end hotels like the Mandarin Oriental use to achieve customer intimacy?

    <p>Information systems and technologies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hotels adjust room conditions for guests automatically?

    <p>Based on customer digital profiles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data do hotels collect to understand guest preferences?

    <p>Individual preferences like room temperature and TV programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does TAL Apparel play in the supply chain for Charles Tyrwhitt?

    <p>They manufacture one-sixth of dress shirts sold in the USA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of information systems within an organization?

    <p>To support decision making and control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate action occurs at TAL Apparel when a dress shirt is sold?

    <p>The record of the sale is instantly sent to suppliers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of customer data is primarily analyzed by high-end hotels for marketing?

    <p>Identification of the best customers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'complementary assets' in relation to information systems?

    <p>Resources and capabilities that enhance the economic value of information systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of information technology includes items such as operating systems and productivity suites?

    <p>Software (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology connects individual hotel rooms to the central network server?

    <p>Local area network (LAN) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are information systems defined technically?

    <p>As interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using information systems for customer intimacy?

    <p>Ability to predict customer purchasing trends (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of an organization can information systems help analyze?

    <p>Problems and complex subjects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the relationship between information and data?

    <p>Information is data that has been structured in a meaningful way (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a component of information technology?

    <p>Market research methodologies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a business perspective important for understanding information systems?

    <p>It aligns technological capabilities with organizational goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Information Technology (IT)

    The hardware and software a firm uses to achieve business objectives.

    Information System

    A set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information.

    Components of Information Systems

    Includes management, organization, and technology elements.

    Complementary Assets

    Assets that enhance the value of information systems in organizations.

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    Decision Making

    The process supported by information systems to analyze data and make choices.

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    Data vs. Information

    Data is raw facts; information is processed data made meaningful.

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    Processing in Information Systems

    Transforming raw data into meaningful information.

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    Importance of Information Systems

    Helps in decision making, coordination, control, and problem analysis.

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    Customer Intimacy

    The practice of understanding and meeting individual customer preferences.

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    Data Repository

    A centralized storage location for customer data.

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    Digital Profile

    A collection of a customer's preferences and behaviors stored digitally.

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    Networked Rooms

    Hotel rooms connected to a central server for monitoring and control.

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    Individualized Marketing Campaigns

    Targeted marketing efforts based on customer data analysis.

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    Real-time Sales Data

    Immediate updates of sales records to suppliers upon purchase.

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    Supplier Relationships

    Connections maintained through data exchange for operational efficiency.

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    Demand Prediction

    Forecasting how many products to produce based on sales data.

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    Business Processes

    Formal rules guiding tasks in organizations.

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    Sales and Marketing

    Function focused on selling products and services.

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    Manufacturing and Production

    Function producing and delivering products/services.

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    Finance and Accounting

    Function managing financial assets and records.

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    Human Resources

    Function for attracting and maintaining the workforce.

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    Formal Business Processes

    Documented procedures followed for tasks.

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    Informal Work Practices

    Unwritten procedures for daily tasks.

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    Organizational Culture

    Shared assumptions and values in an organization.

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    Computer-Based Information Systems

    Systems that use computer technology to process data into information.

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    Distinction between Systems

    Separation between computers/software and information systems.

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    Computer Programs

    Sets of operating instructions that control computer processing.

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    Functions of Information System

    Includes input, processing, output, and feedback to produce needed information.

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    Environmental Actors

    Entities like customers, suppliers, and competitors interacting with organizations.

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    Offshoring

    The practice of relocating jobs or services to another country to reduce costs.

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    Manufacturing Jobs Loss

    The decline of manufacturing positions in the U.S., losing approximately 5 million since 2000.

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    Service Jobs Offshoring

    Around 300,000 service jobs are moved offshore annually to lower-wage countries.

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    Growth in Information Systems Jobs

    The rapid increase in employment for information systems positions, outpacing supply.

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    Impact of Outsourcing

    Outsourcing reduces the cost of developing and maintaining systems, boosting productivity.

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    High-Level Skills Requirement

    Business students must develop advanced skills that cannot be easily outsourced.

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    Job Creation

    The U.S. economy created 2.6 million new jobs in 2018 despite losses elsewhere.

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    Challenges for Businesses

    Companies must avoid markets that can be offshored cheaper to remain competitive.

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    JurongHealth

    A healthcare organization managing hospitals in Singapore.

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    Ng Teng Fong General Hospital

    A 700-bed hospital managed by JurongHealth.

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    RFID Technology

    Passive radio frequency identification used for inventory management.

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    Two-bin Shelving System

    A system used with RFID for inventory top-up requests.

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    Real-Time Location Tracking System

    Tracks patients and medical equipment using Wi-Fi triangulation.

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    HIMSS EMRAM Award

    Award for electronic medical record adoption level.

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    Project OneCare

    An initiative integrating over 50 healthcare IT systems.

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    Automatic Drug Replenishment

    System that requests drug restocking via RFID.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 1: Information Systems in Global Business Today

    • Information systems are transforming business, making them essential for running and managing today's businesses.
    • Global spending on IT and IT services was nearly $3.8 trillion in 2019.
    • Firms also invested another $160 billion on management consulting in 2020, often involving operational redesign.
    • Organizational, management, and cultural changes have a significant impact on the value of IT investments.
    • Investment in IT equipment, software, and R&D accounted for over 40% of total US capital spending between 1999 and 2019.

    Smart Stores Reinvent the Retail Space

    • Retailers are using information technology to bring people into physical stores and enhance in-store experiences.
    • Customers can use smartphone apps to indicate they'll pick-up an order, and the system estimates arrival times.
    • Object-recognition cameras identify when a car arrives and where it is parked. 
    • "Smart" shelves use sensors to offer personalized experiences. 
    • Retailers are using solutions like Smart Shelf to replicate online experience in physical stores.
    • Solutions track products in real time and improve operational efficiencies.

    Will the Coronavirus Pandemic Make Working from Home the New Normal?

    • The COVID-19 pandemic prompted companies to require employees to work remotely.
    • Some companies (like ClearRisk) had their entire staff working from home.
    • Many large law firms, including Reed Smith, Baker McKenzie, and Nixon Peabody, closed offices and required work at home.
    • OpenText Corp. planned to eliminate many offices globally, with 2,000 employees working from home permanently.

    Digital Transformation of Healthcare at Singapore's Jurong Health Services

    • Jurong Health Services aims for transformative medical care through IT.
    • Ng Teng Fong General Hospital became the first hospital in Singapore and ASEAN, and 5th in Asia Pacific to earn the highest level of the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model Award (2016).
    • To become paperless, chartless, and filmless, JurongHealth implemented more than 50 healthcare IT systems.
    • Self-service kiosks use national ID cards for registration and queue management.
    • Real-time location tracking systems precisely locate patients and medical equipment, improving efficiency.
    • Integrated systems (EMR) combine hospital functions and medical devices, minimizing errors.

    Changes in the Financial Industry: Adyen and Fintech

    • Adyen, a Dutch company focused on internet payments, experienced significant success during 2020, growing in the Middle East and other regions.
    • Its platform seamlessly combines payment gateway, risk assessment, and processing into a single system, reducing processing errors.
    • Adyen's platform connects to various global payment systems, making it suitable for merchants serving various countries.
    • As Adyen is an example of Fintech, many traditional companies face changes in processes, and either adapt or potentially cease operations.

    What academic disciplines are used to study information systems?

    • Information systems (IS) is a multidisciplinary field. No theory dominates.
    • Technical Approach: computer science, management science, and operations research.
    • Behavioral Approach: psychology, sociology, and economics.
    • IS is concerned with both technical and behavioral aspects.

    What is an information system?

    • Information systems are a set of interconnected components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control within an organization.
    • It also supports tasks such as analysis of information, visualization, and development of new products and services.
    • Data, unlike information, are raw facts, while information is organized data that is meaningful and useful for decision making.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the crucial role of information systems in transforming modern businesses and enhancing the retail space. It touches on global IT spending, the integration of technology in stores, and the impact of organizational changes on IT investments. Test your knowledge on how tech is reshaping the business landscape.

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