Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are firms increasingly using software houses for?
What are firms increasingly using software houses for?
- To replace internal IT teams completely.
- To manage all stages of hardware procurement.
- For administrative tasks unrelated to software.
- For custom-designed software development. (correct)
What is the primary purpose of the systems selection process?
What is the primary purpose of the systems selection process?
- To investigate potential systems and ensure the best fit. (correct)
- To purchase the least expensive software solution.
- To streamline the programming and testing stages.
- To evaluate internal programming capabilities.
During which phase does the selection committee compile and distribute the RFP?
During which phase does the selection committee compile and distribute the RFP?
- Phase 2: Evaluation.
- Phase 3: Implementation.
- Phase 1: Definition. (correct)
- Phase 0: Planning.
What should the RFP include according to the content provided?
What should the RFP include according to the content provided?
Why might a firm choose to outsource the complete SDLC?
Why might a firm choose to outsource the complete SDLC?
What is a key characteristic of the agile approach?
What is a key characteristic of the agile approach?
Which of the following best describes the work structure in agile methodologies?
Which of the following best describes the work structure in agile methodologies?
What is a common practice in agile methodologies to ensure ongoing communication?
What is a common practice in agile methodologies to ensure ongoing communication?
In agile methodologies, how is customer involvement typically structured?
In agile methodologies, how is customer involvement typically structured?
What is the focus of teams using agile methodologies regarding testing?
What is the focus of teams using agile methodologies regarding testing?
What is a key role of managers in the context of information systems?
What is a key role of managers in the context of information systems?
Which methodology is NOT mentioned as part of custom software design and development?
Which methodology is NOT mentioned as part of custom software design and development?
One advantage of open source software is its:
One advantage of open source software is its:
What is a principal disadvantage of custom software development?
What is a principal disadvantage of custom software development?
End-user development can lead to which of the following risks?
End-user development can lead to which of the following risks?
What is a key advantage of the agile methodology?
What is a key advantage of the agile methodology?
Which factor is essential in selecting a prepackaged software program?
Which factor is essential in selecting a prepackaged software program?
What does the system development life cycle (SDLC) help to identify?
What does the system development life cycle (SDLC) help to identify?
What is the primary outcome of the feasibility analysis phase?
What is the primary outcome of the feasibility analysis phase?
Which step focuses on translating software design into executable commands?
Which step focuses on translating software design into executable commands?
Which of the following is NOT a critical process during the installation step?
Which of the following is NOT a critical process during the installation step?
What does the 'maintenance' step primarily address?
What does the 'maintenance' step primarily address?
In which phase is the systems requirements document produced?
In which phase is the systems requirements document produced?
What is the purpose of the 'Testing' step in the Build Phase?
What is the purpose of the 'Testing' step in the Build Phase?
Which migration approach is characterized by utilizing existing tools and developing new solutions?
Which migration approach is characterized by utilizing existing tools and developing new solutions?
What is a primary focus of change management during installation?
What is a primary focus of change management during installation?
What is the primary goal of generating the IT core in technology development?
What is the primary goal of generating the IT core in technology development?
Which approach involves implementing a software application specifically made for a firm's needs?
Which approach involves implementing a software application specifically made for a firm's needs?
What advantage does purchasing software from a vendor offer compared to custom development?
What advantage does purchasing software from a vendor offer compared to custom development?
What is a significant benefit of custom software development described in the content?
What is a significant benefit of custom software development described in the content?
What methodology is emphasized in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
What methodology is emphasized in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
In which phase of the SDLC is identifying the features of the proposed information system most crucial?
In which phase of the SDLC is identifying the features of the proposed information system most crucial?
What does end-user development primarily rely on?
What does end-user development primarily rely on?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of purchasing software from vendors?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of purchasing software from vendors?
What is a reason why an organization might choose to custom develop software?
What is a reason why an organization might choose to custom develop software?
Why might an organization find purchasing software economically attractive?
Why might an organization find purchasing software economically attractive?
What is a key aspect of formulating evaluation criteria during vendor selection?
What is a key aspect of formulating evaluation criteria during vendor selection?
During the build phase, when customization is needed, what is essential for clarity?
During the build phase, when customization is needed, what is essential for clarity?
What is one of the common elements included in a contract during vendor negotiations?
What is one of the common elements included in a contract during vendor negotiations?
Why is stakeholder input important during the selection and evaluation process?
Why is stakeholder input important during the selection and evaluation process?
What happens when off-the-shelf applications are implemented?
What happens when off-the-shelf applications are implemented?
Which stage primarily focuses on system performance during the selection process?
Which stage primarily focuses on system performance during the selection process?
What does the compile short list of vendors process aim to achieve?
What does the compile short list of vendors process aim to achieve?
What is typically a consequence of not engaging in change management during implementation?
What is typically a consequence of not engaging in change management during implementation?
What is a major reason for creating a targeted request for proposals (RFP)?
What is a major reason for creating a targeted request for proposals (RFP)?
What is crucial to consider when evaluating alternatives in vendor selection?
What is crucial to consider when evaluating alternatives in vendor selection?
Flashcards
Software design & implementation
Software design & implementation
The process of creating and putting information systems (IS) in place within an organization. This involves software design choices, acquisition of software, and implementation.
Custom software
Custom software
Software developed specifically for a company's needs.
Off-the-shelf software
Off-the-shelf software
Pre-made software packages available for purchase.
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
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Prototyping
Prototyping
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Agile methodologies
Agile methodologies
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DevOps approach
DevOps approach
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Open source software
Open source software
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Phase 1: Planning & Analysis
Phase 1: Planning & Analysis
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Investigation
Investigation
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Feasibility Analysis
Feasibility Analysis
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System Analysis
System Analysis
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Phase 2: Build
Phase 2: Build
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System Design
System Design
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Programming
Programming
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IT Core
IT Core
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Information System Development
Information System Development
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Custom Design & Development
Custom Design & Development
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System Selection & Acquisition
System Selection & Acquisition
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End-User Development
End-User Development
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Make vs. Buy
Make vs. Buy
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Custom Development Advantages
Custom Development Advantages
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Purchasing From Vendor Advantages
Purchasing From Vendor Advantages
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Phase 1: Definition
Phase 1: Definition
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Waterfall vs. Agile
Waterfall vs. Agile
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Agile Methodologies Priorities
Agile Methodologies Priorities
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Agile Methodologies: Chunk Work?
Agile Methodologies: Chunk Work?
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Agile Methodologies: Testing?
Agile Methodologies: Testing?
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Customer Involvement in Agile
Customer Involvement in Agile
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Outsourced Development
Outsourced Development
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Off-the-Shelf Applications
Off-the-Shelf Applications
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System Selection Process
System Selection Process
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RFP (Request for Proposal)
RFP (Request for Proposal)
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RFP
RFP
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Essential Features
Essential Features
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Value-Adding Features
Value-Adding Features
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Nonessential Features
Nonessential Features
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Short List of Vendors
Short List of Vendors
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Why is a short list important?
Why is a short list important?
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Contract Negotiation
Contract Negotiation
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System Customization
System Customization
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Implementation Phase
Implementation Phase
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Why does off-the-shelf software require more process change?
Why does off-the-shelf software require more process change?
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Study Notes
Chapter 11: Creating Information Systems
- Information systems (IS) design and implementation are complex, requiring robust and secure technology.
- Custom software development has advantages and disadvantages compared to acquiring off-the-shelf products.
- Key methodologies for custom software development include the system development life cycle (SDLC), prototyping, agile, and DevOps.
- Open-source software (OSS) has advantages and risks for modern organizations.
- System selection methodologies are used to choose prepackaged software.
- End-user development is increasing, offering benefits and risks.
- Managers must participate in software design, acquisition, and implementation because firm success depends heavily on the right software applications.
Learning Objectives
- Appreciate the complexity of IS design and implementation and the criticality of secure technology.
- Articulate the advantages and disadvantages of custom and off-the-shelf software.
- Understand custom software design and development methodologies (SDLC, prototyping, agile, DevOps).
- Define and understand open source software, including its commercial models and implementation risks in modern organizations.
- Identify systems selection methodologies to choose prepackaged software effectively.
- Describe reasons for end-user development prominence and assess its associated benefits and risks.
Introduction
- Managers have essential roles in IS funding and design.
- Business decisions are necessary to determine the characteristics of essential software applications.
Some Examples
- Case studies highlight successful and unsuccessful information system implementations (e.g., Condor Cluster, FBI Virtual Case File, NASA Pathfinder, NYC Automated Payroll System, Online Library System, Future Imagery Architecture).
Fulfilling Information Processing Needs
- Technology development is a prerequisite for delivering information processing capabilities.
- Successful integration of technology with organizational components (people, process, structure) is essential for implementation.
Three Approaches
- Custom design and development: software tailored to unique firm needs.
- System selection and acquisition: using available vendor software.
- End-user development: users create software applications.
Make versus Buy
- Custom development may be necessary when no existing market solution meets unique needs (like Amazon's personal recommendation system).
Custom Development Advantages
- Tailoring to unique requirements.
- Offers flexibility and control.
- Avoids licensing fees.
- Level of control unavailable with vendor-purchased software.
Purchasing from a Vendor Advantages
- Faster implementation.
- Access to vendor expertise (knowledge infusion).
- Economies of scale.
- High-quality software.
- Established user base suggests higher quality.
Build Your Own: Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
- SDLC method involves detailed justification, risk reduction, and a highly structured approach.
- SDLC is articulated in three phases: Definition, Build, Implementation.
Phase 1: Definition
- Clearly define proposed system features, engaging end users and managers.
- Includes investigation, feasibility analysis, and system analysis.
Phase 2: Build
- Develop a robust, secure, and efficient application.
- Steps include system design, programming, and testing.
Phase 3: Implementation
- Integrate the software with other components of the IS.
- Steps include installation, operations, and maintenance.
- Includes migration approaches (Parallel, Direct, Phased, Pilot).
Agile Development or Waterfall Approach
- Agile methodology prioritizes adaptability and involvement, in contrast to waterfall's emphasis on upfront planning.
- Key characteristics of agile methodologies include teamwork, cross-functional teams, customer involvement, and fixed time and resources.
Outsourced Development
- Some firms outsource programming and testing stages of software development.
- Others outsource the entire SDLC to external providers.
Buying Off-the-Shelf Applications
- System selection is crucial to ensure an appropriate solution, comparing competing products.
- Three phases: Definition, Build, Implementation.
Phase 1: Definition (Buying Off-the-Shelf)
- Formulate evaluation criteria, generate a list of vendors, and issue RFPs.
- Evaluate alternative solutions and negotiate contracts.
Phase 2: Build (Buying Off-the-Shelf)
- Customized software design (if needed).
- Programming (necessary customizations).
- Testing on a narrower scope.
Phase 3: Implementation (Buying Off-the-Shelf)
- Implement the solution, training users, and managing change processes.
- Stakeholders input is critical to minimize risks.
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Description
Test your understanding of Chapter 11, which focuses on creating information systems. Explore the complexities of design, the methodologies for software development, and the implications of custom versus off-the-shelf solutions. This quiz will also cover the role of managers in software acquisition and implementation.