Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of agile methodologies in comparison to the waterfall approach?
What is the primary focus of agile methodologies in comparison to the waterfall approach?
- Developing detailed long-term plans
- Prioritizing adaptability and speed (correct)
- Minimizing customer involvement
- Ensuring maximum documentation
Which of the following is a key characteristic of agile methodologies?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of agile methodologies?
- Daily face-to-face meetings (correct)
- Rigid project timelines with no flexibility
- Emphasis on individual work rather than teamwork
- Extensive use of predictive analytics
How do agile teams typically organize their work?
How do agile teams typically organize their work?
- By chunking work into manageable components (correct)
- By assigning tasks based on seniority
- By creating elaborate documentation before work begins
- By setting indefinite deadlines for each phase
In agile methodology, what is the role of customer involvement?
In agile methodology, what is the role of customer involvement?
What is a critical aspect of testing within agile methodologies?
What is a critical aspect of testing within agile methodologies?
What is a primary focus of the system development life cycle (SDLC)?
What is a primary focus of the system development life cycle (SDLC)?
Which of the following is an advantage of custom software development?
Which of the following is an advantage of custom software development?
What does open source software primarily offer?
What does open source software primarily offer?
What is a primary risk associated with end-user development?
What is a primary risk associated with end-user development?
What is a significant disadvantage of acquiring off-the-shelf software?
What is a significant disadvantage of acquiring off-the-shelf software?
What characterizes the agile approach to software development?
What characterizes the agile approach to software development?
Why is manager involvement in information systems crucial?
Why is manager involvement in information systems crucial?
What is a commonly cited benefit of using DevOps in software development?
What is a commonly cited benefit of using DevOps in software development?
What is the first step in the process of implementing a new system?
What is the first step in the process of implementing a new system?
Which type of feasibility does NOT evaluate the viability of the technology itself?
Which type of feasibility does NOT evaluate the viability of the technology itself?
During which phase do developers create the structure of the system?
During which phase do developers create the structure of the system?
What is the main outcome of the System Analysis step?
What is the main outcome of the System Analysis step?
What is a critical aspect of the installation step during implementation?
What is a critical aspect of the installation step during implementation?
What must be done if an existing system is replaced during installation?
What must be done if an existing system is replaced during installation?
In the programming phase, what is prioritized alongside translating the software design?
In the programming phase, what is prioritized alongside translating the software design?
What is addressed during the maintenance phase of the implementation process?
What is addressed during the maintenance phase of the implementation process?
What is a potential benefit of outsourcing software development?
What is a potential benefit of outsourcing software development?
Which aspect is emphasized in the systems selection process?
Which aspect is emphasized in the systems selection process?
What does the RFP stand for in the context of system selection?
What does the RFP stand for in the context of system selection?
During which phase does the selection committee compile and distribute the RFP?
During which phase does the selection committee compile and distribute the RFP?
What is a key activity during the system analysis stage of the selection process?
What is a key activity during the system analysis stage of the selection process?
What is a primary prerequisite for delivering needed information processing functionalities?
What is a primary prerequisite for delivering needed information processing functionalities?
Which of the following best describes custom design and development?
Which of the following best describes custom design and development?
What is one of the advantages of custom software development?
What is one of the advantages of custom software development?
Which approach allows organizations to use software applications created directly by end users?
Which approach allows organizations to use software applications created directly by end users?
What is a benefit of purchasing software from a vendor?
What is a benefit of purchasing software from a vendor?
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is primarily concerned with which aspect of a project?
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is primarily concerned with which aspect of a project?
In which phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle is the focus on identifying system features?
In which phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle is the focus on identifying system features?
What is a common characteristic of large software vendors?
What is a common characteristic of large software vendors?
What might necessitate custom development of software for an organization?
What might necessitate custom development of software for an organization?
Which factor is not typically associated with system selection and acquisition?
Which factor is not typically associated with system selection and acquisition?
What is the purpose of formulating evaluation criteria in the vendor selection process?
What is the purpose of formulating evaluation criteria in the vendor selection process?
Why is it important to compile a short list of vendors?
Why is it important to compile a short list of vendors?
What typically occurs during the testing stage of the implementation phase?
What typically occurs during the testing stage of the implementation phase?
What is a significant challenge when implementing off-the-shelf software applications?
What is a significant challenge when implementing off-the-shelf software applications?
What should a contract specify when customization of an application is necessary?
What should a contract specify when customization of an application is necessary?
What is a common aim of change management during the implementation phase?
What is a common aim of change management during the implementation phase?
What does the evaluation of alternatives typically result in?
What does the evaluation of alternatives typically result in?
What is the primary focus of the selection committee during the vendor evaluation process?
What is the primary focus of the selection committee during the vendor evaluation process?
Why may products that fail to meet necessary requirements be identified quickly?
Why may products that fail to meet necessary requirements be identified quickly?
What is an expected cost element in vendor contracts?
What is an expected cost element in vendor contracts?
Flashcards
Information System (IS) Design
Information System (IS) Design
The complex process of creating and implementing information systems.
Custom Software vs. Pre-built Software
Custom Software vs. Pre-built Software
Choosing between developing software from scratch or buying an existing solution.
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
A series of phases for developing software, from planning to maintenance.
Prototyping
Prototyping
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Agile Development
Agile Development
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DevOps
DevOps
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Open Source Software
Open Source Software
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End-User Development
End-User Development
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Critical actors in IS projects
Critical actors in IS projects
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Feasibility Analysis
Feasibility Analysis
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System Analysis
System Analysis
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System Design
System Design
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Programming
Programming
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Testing
Testing
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Installation
Installation
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IS Maintenance
IS Maintenance
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Agile Approach Priority
Agile Approach Priority
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Agile Teams
Agile Teams
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Agile Work Breakdown
Agile Work Breakdown
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Agile Customer Involvement
Agile Customer Involvement
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Agile Testing
Agile Testing
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Software Outsourcing
Software Outsourcing
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Partial Outsourcing
Partial Outsourcing
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Full Outsourcing
Full Outsourcing
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Off-the-Shelf Applications
Off-the-Shelf Applications
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RFP (Request for Proposal)
RFP (Request for Proposal)
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Information System Development
Information System Development
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Custom Design & Development
Custom Design & Development
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System Selection & Acquisition
System Selection & Acquisition
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Make vs. Buy (Software)
Make vs. Buy (Software)
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Custom Development Advantages
Custom Development Advantages
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Purchasing from Vendor Advantages
Purchasing from Vendor Advantages
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Phase 1: Definition (SDLC)
Phase 1: Definition (SDLC)
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Systems Integration
Systems Integration
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RFP
RFP
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Essential Features
Essential Features
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Value-Adding Features
Value-Adding Features
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Nonessential Features
Nonessential Features
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Short List of Vendors
Short List of Vendors
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Rank-Ordered List
Rank-Ordered List
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Negotiate Contract
Negotiate Contract
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System Design and Programming
System Design and Programming
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Process Change and Training
Process Change and Training
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Stakeholder Input
Stakeholder Input
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Study Notes
Chapter 11: Creating Information Systems
- Information systems (IS) design and implementation are complex, requiring robust and secure technology at their core.
- Comparing custom software development versus acquiring off-the-shelf products involves evaluating advantages and disadvantages.
- Several methodologies exist for custom software development, including the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), prototyping, Agile, and DevOps. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
- Open-source software presents both advantages and risks in modern organizations.
- Open-source software implementations depend on various commercial models.
- Systems selection methodologies help organizations choose appropriate prepackaged software.
- End-user development is becoming more prevalent in modern organizations, with associated benefits and risks.
Introduction
- Managers must be involved in software design, acquisition, and implementation, as business success increasingly depends on appropriate software applications.
- Choosing the correct application characteristics is a crucial business decision.
Some Examples
- Various real-world examples illustrate successes and failures in IS projects, highlighting various potential issues and risks.
- Examples include the Condor Cluster, the FBI Virtual Case File, Pathfinder, NYC Automated Payroll System, Online Library System, and Future Imagery Architecture. These projects vary in cost, time, and achieved outcomes.
Fulfilling Information Processing Needs
- Technological advancements create the foundation for required information processing.
- Successful IS implementation depends on how well the technology integrates with existing organizational components (people, processes, structure, etc.).
Three Approaches
- Custom design and development creates unique software tailored to a firm's specific needs.
- System selection involves acquiring pre-built software.
- End-user development involves users creating software applications.
Make vs Buy
- Custom software development might be necessary if no existing market solution meets unique needs.
- The example given is Amazon's personal recommendation system.
Custom Development Advantages
- Unique tailoring: Software adapts to specific firm features.
- Flexibility and control: Firms have full control over the system's design and functionality.
Purchasing from a Vendor Advantages
- Faster roll-out: Acquiring pre-built software speeds implementation.
- Knowledge infusion: Learning how other organizations utilize the system's functionality.
- Economical attractiveness: Software vendors benefit from economies of scale.
- Quality: Software houses with large testing budgets deliver high-quality software.
Build Your Own: Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
- Planning and justification are essential in risk management during system design and development.
- SDLC methodology uses a highly structured approach.
- SDLC has three phases: Definition, Build, and Implementation.
Phase 1: Definition
- System features need clear identification.
- Key actors are end-users and managers.
- Three steps: Investigation, Feasibility Analysis, and System Analysis.
Phase 2: Build
- System requirements are translated into robust software.
- Steps include System Design, Programming, and Testing.
Phase 3: Implementation
- Software integrates with existing systems.
- Steps include Installation, Operations, and Maintenance.
Four Migration Approaches
- Different migration approaches cater to various needs and complexities. (Diagram shown)
- Parallel, Direct, Phased, and Pilot approaches.
Build Your Own: Agile Development
- Agile methodologies emphasize adaptability and involvement compared to waterfall approaches, which prioritize detailed planning.
- Agile priorities: Adaptability, speed, teamwork, frequent communication, and customer involvement.
Outsourced Development
- Custom software is developed by external firms in programming and testing stages or by providing the whole system development.
Buying Off-the-Shelf Applications
- Systems selection is a multi-phased process (Definition, Build, Implementation) critical to evaluating and selecting the best software solutions.
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Description
Explore the complexities of designing and implementing information systems, focusing on methodologies such as SDLC and Agile. Learn about the pros and cons of custom versus off-the-shelf software, as well as the role of open-source solutions in modern organizations. This chapter emphasizes the importance of managerial involvement in software-related decisions.