Information Society: Informatics Basics

• Informatika is derived from "information" + "automation," focusing on automating data processing
• Initially, "technical informatics" concerned computer development, distinct from computer science, which studies computer architecture
• User-oriented informatics emerged, focusing on efficient computer application
• The term "information system" refers to systems that store, process, and transfer data for specific purposes
• Business informatics: It applies computers to business systems and deals with designing, implementing, and executing business information systems in organizations

Informacijska družba (Information Society)

• Agrarno revolucija: Agrarian Revolution (agrarian society = agriculture)

• Industrijska revolucija: Industrial Revolution (industrial society)

• Informacijska revolucija: Information Revolution (information society = data processing)

• The focus of economic activities and technological changes is on information processing, leading to the emergence of information-based professions, where employees create, store, and transmit information, and develop technologies for processing and transferring data

• Information professions are divided into four groups:

• Information producers: (scientists, researchers)

• Information processors (accounting): transform input information into output

• Information transmitters (media, banking): transmit information to users

• Infrastructure professions (Mobitel): network development and maintenance

• In the industrial age, companies had three key resources: employees, capital, and machinery

• In the information society, information is an additional resource

• Information technology plays a key role in the more efficient execution of an organization's activities and is the basis for better decision-making

• It shortens cycle times (cyclical, developmental, production, marketing)

• Reduces the need for inventory, equipment, money, and people

• Improves work with customers and suppliers, allowing for adaptation to the market

• It facilitates the flow of information between organizational levels

• Increases organizational knowledge and creates conditions for learning and knowledge sharing

• Transfers part of the business (or the entire business) to websites

• Informacijska tehnologija: IT leads to a flatter organizational structure, enables more efficient control, and facilitates the rapid flow of information

• Hierarchical organizations are being replaced by project teams

Uporaba IT za doseganje konkurenčne prednosti podjetja (Using IT to Achieve Competitive Advantage)

• Porter identified 5 competitive forces that affect a company's operations (and attractiveness of an industry):

• Threat of new entrants: increases supply and lowers prices

• Bargaining power of the market: bargaining power of buyers

• Bargaining power of suppliers

• Degree of competition: price strategy or cost increases

• Pressure from substitute products: limits the price of the product or service

• Porter suggested various strategies for companies to overcome competitive forces:

• Lower costs: enter the market more cost-effectively than the competition

• Differentiation: emphasizes the difference between an organization's product and competitors

• Market orientation: focusing on a specific market segment

• Informatics plays an important role in shaping and implementing business strategy:

• Reducing the number of employees

• More efficient production

• Inventory and better use of raw materials

• Assistance in making decisions

• The value chain is a sequence of activities within a company, the outcome of which is a product or service

• Informatix is a member of the value chain

• The value chain of all members is called the value system by Porter

• Informatics has 3 important roles:

• Enables cost-effective and sufficiently accurate analysis of the value chain in the company based on the monitoring of costs generated by individual activities

• Informatization enables the reduction of the costs of carrying out the activities that have been shown to be less competitive

• Enables closer linking, coordination and cooperation of companies

Turbanov model

• Turban recorded possible pressures from the business environment and IT-supported responses to them:
• Market: globalization and increased competition, need to operate, changing workforce
• Tehnološki pritiski: technological innovations and obsolescence, information saturation
• Social: social responsibility, state regulation, social program
• Ethical issues

Poslovni informacijski sistemi (Business Information Systems)

• Podatki (Data): neutral facts about events that occurred

• Data is only an information carrier or its physical representation

• A piece of information becomes an informacija when it has meaning for the user

• It is a sequence of characters that is syntactically correct and relevant

• Informacija (Information): increases our knowledge. Knowledge is a collection of information and its connection

• If information is to be used later, it is expressed as data, which is written to more permanent storage medium

• Kolicina informacije (Amount of information): the more information is obtained, it reduces the indeterminacy of observed reality. The amount is greater if it is learned that a rare event has occurred

• Kakovost: determined by how it helps to make better decisions

• Vrednost informacije: is the value of the change in the recipient's behavior, reduced by the cost of obtaining the information

• Value, depending on time and quality

• Zbira (Collects): Informacijski sistem gathers, processes, analyzes, stores, and transmits information for a specific purpose

• Every system has inputs and outputs

• Obdelava podatkov: Data processing is the process of deriving useful information from data

• Analiza podatkov: Data analysis: is the process of selecting facts

• Informacijski sistem organizacije (Organizational information system): individual parts meet the needs of individual units or functions

• Ne glede: Regardless of size and type of business elements include

• Strojna oprema (Equipment): Physical

• Programska oprema (Software): Operating System

• Podatki (Data): se v IS shranjujejo in prenesejo k uporabnikom kot informacije

• Postopki (Procedures): planned actions

• Ljudje: People

• Dejavnost cloveka: Every human activity has three components: planning, implementation, and control

• IS pomgajo (IS helps): People at all three stages, connect the parts of the organization, coordinate the work

• Avtomatizirajo (Automate): delo

• Formalizirajo (Formalize): Enotne oblike dela i

• Olajšajo: (Facilitate): orodja

• Enote so z: (Units are): They are connected, tightly integrated

Vrste informacijskih sistemov (Types of Information Systems)

• Transakcijski informacijski sistem (TPS) - (Transaction Information System)

• Zbiralka zbira: (Collects) data performs

• V trenutku mora: (At the moment): Točno data

• Osnova za operativno: (Foundation for operations): Kere ujemajo

• Nedelovanje: (Inactivity) Prekine izvajanje temeljnih

• Vir podatkov: (Data Resources): Nivoje

• The system mora biti (must be): Zanesljiv, varen

• Osnovne značilnosti BI (Basic characteristics of BI):

• Ukvarja (Familiar): Z načrtovanjem in nadzorom organizacije

• Vhod (Input): So TPS

• Primerja: (Compares) Nakčrtovani, poročila

• Porocila: (Produces): rezultati

• Rezultati (Results): Se uporabljajo

• Podatki: (Data): Se agregirani

• Podsystami (Subsystems): Finance, marketing, human resources

• Funkcijski IS:(Functional IS:) težave:,

Celovite programske rešitve (Comprehensive Software Solutions)

• ERP: IT omogoča integriran proces planiranja in upravljanja vseh virov ter njihovo uporabo v okviru celotnega podjetja and includes dobaviteljem The Glavni cilj (main goal) is povezati vse oddelke in enote podjetja-

• Dokumentni sistemi (DMS):

• Poslovni procesi: se po navadi tesno povezani z dokumenti. Večkrat vhod v proces iz njega

• Vse bolj: elektronske oblike dokumentov

• Namen DMS: : je avtomatiziran nadzor digitalnih dokumentov.

• Dokumentni sistemi: Upodabljanje

• Informacijska tehnologija (IT): combination of equipment

• Uspešna podjetja: kot pomemben vir, ki ga morajo učinkovito uporabljati

• Strojna oprema: (Mechanical equipment): Materialni del računalniškega sistema, torej tisti del, ki ga lahko vidimo in otipamo.

• Razvoj računalnikov (Computer development): Neumanovem iz 1952

• Znanjševanje: (Reduction): Moore, factor 10

• Lažja Uporaba (Easier Use): Telefoni, čitalci

• Trije osnovni elementi računalnika (Three basic computer elements): Procesor, pomnilnik, in program

• Računalniški sistem: (Computer system): Sestavljajo tri