Informasi Scoliosis

10 Questions

Apa saja gejala skoliosis yang dapat terjadi?

Bahu tidak sejajar, satu tulang bahu tampak lebih menonjol dari yang lain, pinggang tidak sejajar, satu pinggul lebih tinggi dari yang lain, dan tulang rusuk menonjol lebih jauh di satu sisi.

Apa akibat skoliosis yang parah?

Kesulitan bernapas karena ruang terbatas di rongga dada dan nyeri kronis di punggung dan kaki.

Bagaimana cara mendiagnosis skoliosis?

Memeriksa tanda fisik seperti tidak seimbangnya tulang belakang atau punggung, kemudian mengonfirmasi dengan sinar-X.

Apa saja pilihan pengobatan untuk skoliosis?

Brace, operasi fusi tulang belakang, dan program latihan untuk meratakan tulang belakang.

Apa yang digunakan selama pemeriksaan fisik untuk mengukur rotasi tulang belakang?

Inklinometer atau alat skoliometer.

Apa penyebab utama dari skoliosis primer?

Genetika

Sebutkan tiga contoh gangguan neuromuskuler yang dapat menyebabkan skoliosis sekunder?

Cerebral palsy, polio, dan distrofi otot

Bagaimana skoliosis kongenital dapat terjadi?

Akibat malformasi vertebra atau masalah perkembangan lainnya sebelum lahir

Apa tanda-tanda utama dari skoliosis yang harus diperhatikan?

Kurva tulang belakang ke samping

Apa metode utama untuk mendiagnosis skoliosis?

Pemeriksaan fisik dan tes pencitraan medis

Study Notes

Scoliosis Overview

Scoliosis refers to a sideways curvature of the spine, which can have various causes and effects on individuals. Although most cases are mild, the condition can lead to complications if left untreated. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and diagnosis methods for scoliosis.

Causes of Scoliosis

Scoliosis has several known causes separated into primary and secondary types:

Primary Causes

Primary or idiopathic scoliosis does not have a clear cause, but research suggests that genetics play a role. It typically develops during growth spurts around puberty.

Secondary Causes

Secondary scoliosis occurs due to underlying conditions or factors, such as:

Neuromuscular disorders like cerebral palsy, polio, muscular dystrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy.
Birth defects affecting the development of vertebrae.
Previous surgery on the chest wall as a baby.
Infections or tumors in the spine.
Spinal cord irregularities.
Connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.
Muscle spasms or inflammations like appendicitis.

Congenital scoliosis is another secondary cause that occurs when the spine develops improperly before birth due to vertebral malformations or other developmental issues.

Symptoms of Scoliosis

Scoliosis symptoms include uneven shoulders, one shoulder blade appearing more prominent than the other, uneven waist, one hip higher than the other, and rib cage jutting out farther on one side. In severe cases or when it progresses over time, scoliosis can cause:

Breathing difficulties due to reduced space in the chest cavity.
Chronic pain in the back and legs.

Infants with untreated scoliosis may experience a bulge on one side of their chest, consistently lying with their body curved to one side, and problems with heart and lung function in severe cases.

Treatment Options for Scoliosis

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the curvature. For mild cases, no treatment is necessary, and close monitoring with X-rays is sufficient. If the curve worsens, options include:

Braces worn 24 hours a day for children who are still growing.
Spinal fusion surgery involving hardware like rods, hooks, screws, or wires to hold bones in place until they fuse.

Exercise programs aimed at realigning the spine, rib cage, shoulders, and pelvis have been proposed to help manage scoliosis.

Diagnosis of Scoliosis

Diagnosing scoliosis involves inspecting physical signs like asymmetry of the spine or back, then confirming the diagnosis with an X-ray. An inclinometer or scoliometer tool is used during the physical examination to measure spinal rotation.