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LECTURE 3 Happiness
60 Questions
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LECTURE 3 Happiness

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@AngelicCanyon

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Questions and Answers

What did Inglehart (1990) find about 'turning points' in life and well-being?

  • They only affect negative emotions
  • They do not affect well-being much (correct)
  • They significantly impact well-being
  • They have no impact on emotional reactions

    • What is the Impact Bias according to Gilbert et al. (2004)?

  • People underestimate the impact of emotional reactions
  • People are not influenced by anticipated emotional reactions
  • People overestimate the strength and duration of anticipated emotional reactions (correct)
  • People accurately predict their emotional reactions to events

    • What is 'Focalism' in the context of emotional reactions?

  • The ability to consider multiple aspects of an event
  • The tendency to restrict attention to one aspect of an event (correct)
  • The ability to predict emotional reactions accurately
  • The tendency to ignore emotional reactions

    • What is 'Immune neglect' as described in the text?

    <p>The tendency to downplay one's ability to cope and adapt from bad situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do people with more advantaged backgrounds and more money generally relate to happiness?

    <p>It is not explicitly mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Gilbert et al.'s study in the subway station reveal about forecasters and experiencers?

    <p>Forecasters overestimated their level of regret</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of age and happiness, what is the Impact Bias related to?

    <p>Overestimating the emotional impact of age-related events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Inglehart (1990) find about women experiencing menopause?

    <p>They did not report an increase in negative emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tendency of 'Focalism' as described in the text?

    <p>The tendency to restrict attention to one aspect of an event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Immune neglect' neglect according to the text?

    <p>Neglected our psychological immune system that helps us to bounce back from negative life events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to people's overall level of long-term happiness?

    <p>It does not change, returning to a genetic baseline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Brickman et al. study in 1978?

    <p>The influence of winning a lottery and being paraplegic after an accident on well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did accident victims recall their past compared to controls?

    <p>As happier than controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do emotions, according to the text, appear to serve?

    <p>Short-term purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of 'hedonic treadmill' used to illustrate?

    <p>The return to a baseline level of happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study involving lottery winners and accident victims indicate about their present happiness?

    <p>Accident victims experienced less happiness than controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hedonic neutrality' refer to in the text?

    <p>The state of neither happiness nor unhappiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the long-term impact of good and bad events on happiness?

    <p>The impact is temporary, with people returning to a baseline level of happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main analogy used to describe the overall level of long-term happiness in the text?

    <p>A treadmill, where one walks but doesn't get anywhere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study by Brickman et al. suggest about the influence of winning a lottery on well-being?

    <p>Winning a lottery does not significantly impact well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in stabilizing long-term well-being despite major life events?

    <p>Genetic set points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Socioemotional selectivity theory suggest about older individuals?

    <p>They focus on maximizing positive emotional experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to studies, what is the relationship between income and happiness in richer countries?

    <p>High correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Maslow's need hierarchy theory explain about individuals' progression?

    <p>Progress upward as lower needs are satisfied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Diener et al. (2002) find regarding a cheerful outlook at college entry?

    <p>Related to higher future income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do heritability studies suggest about individuals' predisposition to happiness?

    <p>Genetic predisposition to happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate effect of unemployment on well-being?

    <p>Increased risk for depression, physical illness, and lowered self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between happiness and susceptibility to disease?

    <p>Lower susceptibility to disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to studies, what is the relationship between income and well-being in poor countries?

    <p>Moderate correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do gender differences in experiencing emotions indicate about women?

    <p>More likely to experience internalizing disorders and express intense positive emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Socioemotional selectivity theory suggest about older individuals?

    <p>They prioritize different goals based on their perception of future time horizons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does heritability studies suggest about individuals' predisposition to happiness?

    <p>Individuals have a genetic predisposition to be happy or unhappy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Diener et al. (2002) find regarding a cheerful outlook at college entry?

    <p>It is related to higher future income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate effect of unemployment on well-being?

    <p>It increases the risk for depression, physical illness, and lowered self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between happiness and susceptibility to disease?

    <p>Happiness is associated with lower susceptibility to disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Inglehart (1990) find about 'turning points' in life and well-being?

    <p>They have little impact on long-term well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Maslow's need hierarchy theory explain about individuals' progression?

    <p>Individuals progress upward in the hierarchy as lower needs are satisfied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main analogy used to describe the overall level of long-term happiness in the text?

    <p>Hedonic treadmill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Brickman et al. study in 1978?

    <p>The influence of winning a lottery on well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do gender differences in experiencing negative and positive emotions indicate about women?

    <p>Women are more likely to experience internalizing disorders and express intense positive emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Gilbert et al.'s study in the subway station reveal about forecasters and experiencers?

    <p>Forecasters overestimated their level of regret in missing the train.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Inglehart (1990) find about women experiencing menopause?

    <p>They did not report an increase in negative emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tendency of 'Focalism' as described in the text?

    <p>The tendency to restrict attention to one aspect of an event, neglecting other aspects that may reduce emotional reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Immune neglect' neglect according to the text?

    <p>Downplays our ability to cope and adapt from bad situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Brickman et al. study in 1978?

    <p>The influence of winning a lottery on well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between income and well-being in poor countries according to the text?

    <p>There is a positive relationship between income and well-being in poor countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of 'hedonic treadmill' used to illustrate?

    <p>The tendency for individuals to return to a relatively stable level of happiness despite positive or negative life events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Socioemotional selectivity theory suggest about older individuals?

    <p>They prioritize emotional fulfillment and meaningful relationships as they age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate effect of unemployment on well-being?

    <p>It results in a temporary decrease in well-being, followed by adaptation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Diener et al. (2002) find regarding a cheerful outlook at college entry?

    <p>It predicted higher levels of well-being and life satisfaction in the long term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hedonic treadmill' illustrate?

    <p>The continuous pursuit of happiness without achieving a lasting increase in happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Brickman et al. (1978) regarding lottery winners and accident victims indicate about their present happiness?

    <p>Accident victims recalled their past as happier than controls, while experiencing their present as less happy than controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between emotions and sensory experiences according to the text?

    <p>Emotions, like sensory experiences, serve short-term purposes but do not last</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'hedonic neutrality' refer to in the text?

    <p>The idea that individuals maintain a consistent level of happiness despite life events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Brickman et al. (1978) study regarding winning a lottery and being paraplegic suggest about one’s well-being?

    <p>Both winning a lottery and being paraplegic after an accident had a significant impact on well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the overall level of long-term happiness?

    <p>It remains relatively stable despite positive or negative life events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study involving lottery winners and accident victims indicate about their recall of past and present happiness?

    <p>Accident victims recalled their past as having been happier than controls, while experiencing their present as less happy than controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main analogy used to describe the overall level of long-term happiness in the text?

    <p>Hedonic treadmill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'immune neglect' neglect according to the text?

    <p>The effect of negative life events on happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between emotions and sensory experiences according to the text?

    <p>Emotions, like sensory experiences, serve short-term purposes but do not last</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Factors Affecting Subjective Well-Being

    • Temperament, consisting of activity level, emotionality, and sociability, plays a role in determining general happiness levels.
    • Genetic set points play a significant role in stabilizing long-term well-being, leading to little change despite major life events such as divorce or relocation.
    • Socioemotional selectivity theory suggests that people prioritize different goals based on their perception of future time horizons, with older individuals focusing on maximizing positive emotional experiences.
    • Happiness is not related to age, with every age potentially being as happy as any other. Each phase of life offers opportunities for well-being.
    • While studies report moderate to high correlations between income and happiness in richer countries, within poor countries, income and well-being show moderate correlations, shifting to other aspects of life once basic needs are fulfilled.
    • Maslow's need hierarchy theory explains that individuals progress upward in the hierarchy as lower needs are satisfied, leading to a shift in the source of happiness.
    • Both between-nations and within-nations correlations between income and happiness involve confounding variables, such as the presence of democratic forms of government and individual rights.
    • Diener et al. (2002) found that a cheerful outlook at college entry is related to higher future income, potentially due to a "can do" attitude and higher social skills.
    • Gender differences in experiencing negative and positive emotions exist, with women more likely to experience internalizing disorders and express intense positive emotions.
    • Happiness is associated with longer life, lower susceptibility to disease, and better recovery from illnesses, as well as better mental health.
    • Unemployment has immediate negative effects on well-being, increasing the risk for depression, physical illness, and lowered self-esteem.
    • Heritability studies suggest that individuals have a genetic predisposition to be happy or unhappy, with genetic influences on personality being indicated by studies on identical and fraternal twins.

    Factors Affecting Subjective Well-Being

    • Temperament, consisting of activity level, emotionality, and sociability, plays a role in determining general happiness levels.
    • Genetic set points play a significant role in stabilizing long-term well-being, leading to little change despite major life events such as divorce or relocation.
    • Socioemotional selectivity theory suggests that people prioritize different goals based on their perception of future time horizons, with older individuals focusing on maximizing positive emotional experiences.
    • Happiness is not related to age, with every age potentially being as happy as any other. Each phase of life offers opportunities for well-being.
    • While studies report moderate to high correlations between income and happiness in richer countries, within poor countries, income and well-being show moderate correlations, shifting to other aspects of life once basic needs are fulfilled.
    • Maslow's need hierarchy theory explains that individuals progress upward in the hierarchy as lower needs are satisfied, leading to a shift in the source of happiness.
    • Both between-nations and within-nations correlations between income and happiness involve confounding variables, such as the presence of democratic forms of government and individual rights.
    • Diener et al. (2002) found that a cheerful outlook at college entry is related to higher future income, potentially due to a "can do" attitude and higher social skills.
    • Gender differences in experiencing negative and positive emotions exist, with women more likely to experience internalizing disorders and express intense positive emotions.
    • Happiness is associated with longer life, lower susceptibility to disease, and better recovery from illnesses, as well as better mental health.
    • Unemployment has immediate negative effects on well-being, increasing the risk for depression, physical illness, and lowered self-esteem.
    • Heritability studies suggest that individuals have a genetic predisposition to be happy or unhappy, with genetic influences on personality being indicated by studies on identical and fraternal twins.

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    Description

    Discover the various factors that influence subjective well-being in this quiz. From genetic set points to income correlations and gender differences, explore the complex interplay of temperament, socioemotional selectivity theory, and happiness across different life stages.

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