PAtho Exam 1

<p>Increased leukocyte production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetaminophen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential for infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to localize and ‘wall off’ foreign material. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagen fibers degrade the scar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagen fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the ingestion of foreign material and cell debris by leukocytes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood flow in the area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thin, watery, and colorless fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prognosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scar tissue does not stretch but shrinks over time, causing narrowing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General cutaneous vasodilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbes surviving in hair follicles in the burn area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry, firm, charred, or hard white surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden acute episode (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance of a stable internal environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidemic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The science of tracking the occurrence and distribution of diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deficit of oxygen in cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to a heart attack (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A collection of signs and symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive natural (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognize the antigen and stimulate the immune response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased white blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transplant rejection by the recipient’s immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have an increased risk of opportunistic infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detection of antibodies for HIV in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is ineffective until the immune system recovers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activating and stimulating proliferation of B and T lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain and increased capillary permeability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regeneration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive natural immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrophy of lymphoid tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Previous exposure to tuberculosis bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetaminophen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid and protein shift out of the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redness, warmth, and swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type I hypersensitivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promotion of rapid healing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thick, cheesy substance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precipitating factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance of a stable internal environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional or structural changes due to disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidemic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An effect of a prescribed drug (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infarction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Routine application of sunblock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of antibodies for HIV in the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active artificial immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system mistaking self for nonself (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune complex deposits of specific antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial viral entry and antibody detection in blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can transmit the virus to others despite treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic defects and acquired infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of maternal antibodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not a live vaccine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their new immune system requires time to recover and respond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease in white blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive natural immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To activate other immune cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal flora exploiting a weakened immune system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is more rapid than the primary response and results in higher antibody levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive natural (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognize the antigen and stimulate the immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation in multiple organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opportunistic infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All members of a family have identical MHCs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attack of host cells by donor T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polyarthritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of antibodies to HIV in the bloodstream (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Possible transmission is indicated by antibodies in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type I hypersensitivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type IV reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate all immune system activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transplant rejection by the recipient’s immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes local vasoconstriction to reduce local edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature, duration, and extent of the burn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transient vasoconstriction, dilation of blood vessels, migration of leukocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>13.5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood flow in the area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partial-thickness burn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry, firm, charred, or hard white surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causing local vasoconstriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disorders are named using the ending -sarcoma to indicate inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Create a functional replacement tissue when regeneration is not possible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scar tissue does not stretch but rather shrinks, causing narrowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Application of biosynthetic skin substitute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purulent exudate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COX-2 inhibitors (NSAIDs), ibuprofen, aspirin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The risk of Reye’s syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased hair growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrinogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood clot forms, phagocytes remove debris, granulation tissue forms, new blood vessels form, collagen fibers form scar tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of heart attack (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First line of defense, nonspecific defenses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased fluid and protein in the interstitial compartment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingestion of foreign material and cell debris by leukocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of pyrogens into the circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General cutaneous vasodilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagen fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closely approximated edges of a wound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of immune cell that plays a role in defending the body against infection.

Increased white blood cell count in the blood.

Replacement of damaged tissue with identical cells.

Faster recovery of damaged tissues, often associated with well-aligned wound edges

Not a side effect of long-term glucocorticoid use.

Relieves fever and pain, but not inflammation.

Burns cause fluid and protein to leak from blood vessels, leading to decreased blood pressure.

Redness, warmth, and swelling near the damaged/infected site.

A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

A lack of blood flow to a part of the body, leading to a shortage of oxygen.

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

A collection of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a specific disease or condition.

Tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply (ischemia).

An increase in the size of cells, leading to an increase in the size of the organ.

An action taken to prevent the occurrence of a disease or condition.

A faster and stronger immune response to an antigen that the body has already encountered.

Immunity acquired through the transfer of antibodies from mother to baby via breast milk or placenta.

Immune cells that remember specific antigens and can quickly mount a response upon re-exposure.

An autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation in multiple organs.

Infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease but take advantage of a weakened immune system.

Proteins or molecules that present antigens to immune cells, playing a role in immune recognition and response.

A complication of bone marrow transplantation in which T cells from the donor attack the recipient's tissues.

The point at which antibodies against a specific antigen appear in the blood.

An immediate allergic reaction involving the release of chemical mediators from mast cells.

A type of allergic reaction caused by skin contact with an allergen.

The initial barriers that prevent pathogens from entering the body, such as skin, mucous membranes, and tears.

General mechanisms that protect the body against a wide range of pathogens, without targeting specific invaders.

Fluid buildup in the tissues due to increased fluid and protein leaking from blood vessels during an inflammatory response.

The process where specialized cells engulf and destroy foreign particles, cell debris, and pathogens.

Elevated body temperature caused by the release of pyrogens, which trigger the body's thermostat to increase.

Increased blood flow to an inflamed area, leading to redness and warmth.

A thin, watery, colorless fluid that leaks from blood vessels during inflammation.

Fibrous connective tissue that replaces normal tissue after injury, but lacks the original tissue's function.

Lipid-based molecules produced by mast cells that cause vasodilation, pain, and inflammation.

Applying cold to an injured area to reduce inflammation by causing vasoconstriction, decreasing blood flow and swelling.

Tissue damage caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation, classified by depth and severity.

The depth and extent of tissue damage caused by a burn, categorized as first, second, or third degree.

Thick, yellow-green fluid containing pus, leukocytes, bacteria, and cellular debris.

Different forms of the same enzyme, specific to different tissues, that can be used to pinpoint the location of inflammation.

The death of cells or tissues due to injury or disease.

A type of necrosis where dead cells form a thick, cheesy substance.

A trigger that causes an acute episode of a chronic disease.

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Long-term use of glucocorticoids can suppress the immune system and hinder wound healing. This is because they interfere with key processes involved in tissue repair.

Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and fever reducer, but it doesn't have anti-inflammatory properties. This means it helps with pain and fever but doesn't target the swelling associated with inflammation.

Prolonged use of glucocorticoids, such as prednisone, can suppress the immune system by reducing the production of lymphocytes and shrinking lymphoid tissue.

A synthetic material that replicates the function of skin, used for healing large wounds.

A localized collection of pus, often caused by bacterial infection.

The four main signs of inflammation: redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Medications that reduce inflammation, often used to treat pain, fever, and swelling.

A serious condition affecting the liver and brain, primarily in children, associated with aspirin use during viral infections.

A protein that forms clots, helping to localize and wall off foreign material during inflammation.

The order of events in wound healing: blood clot, phagocytes, granulation tissue, new blood vessels, scar tissue formation.

A serious potential complication of COX-2 inhibitor drugs is an increased risk of heart attack.

Tears are part of the first line of defense, providing nonspecific protection against pathogens.

Fever is caused by the release of pyrogens into the circulation, triggering a rise in body temperature.

Scar tissue consists primarily of collagen fibers, a strong protein that provides structural support.

Closely approximated edges of a wound promote faster healing, as it allows tissue to rejoin quickly.

The process where specialized cells like macrophages engulf and destroy foreign particles, cell debris, and pathogens during inflammation.

Applying cold to an injured area to reduce inflammation by causing vasoconstriction, decreasing blood flow and swelling.

Different forms of the same enzyme, specific to different tissues, that can be used to pinpoint the location of inflammation.

Fibrous connective tissue that replaces normal tissue after injury, but lacks the original tissue's function and can shrink, causing obstructions.

Increased fluid and protein leaking from blood vessels due to increased capillary permeability.

To cause local vasoconstriction, reducing blood flow and therefore minimizing edema.

Burns cause fluid and protein to leak from blood vessels, leading to decreased blood pressure.

Dry, firm, charred, or hard white surface due to complete destruction of epidermis and dermis.

Reduces risk of infection, decreases loss of plasma protein and fluid, and promotes more rapid healing.

A temporary narrowing of blood vessels that occurs immediately after tissue injury before vasodilation.

Widespread effects of inflammation on the body, such as fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever.

They engulf debris and pathogens, releasing factors that stimulate tissue repair and attract other immune cells.

The predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.

The study of functional and structural changes caused by disease processes.

A research method where neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the treatment.

A short-term illness that develops quickly with severe symptoms.

A disease caused by medical treatment.

A symptom that affects the whole body, not just a specific area.

A decrease in the size of cells or tissues.

Characteristics that increase the likelihood of developing a specific disease.

A test used to determine if a person has been exposed to the tuberculosis bacteria. A positive result does not mean the person currently has active tuberculosis, but it suggests previous exposure and the potential for infection.

HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, blood transfusions, sharing needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Immune cells that 'help' other immune cells by activating and coordinating their actions.

The recipient's immune system rejecting a transplanted organ, like the body fighting against the new organ.

HIV is known to mutate quickly, creating new strains, and is inactivated by heat and disinfectants. It's like a constantly evolving virus.

These molecules activate and stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes, leading to a stronger immune response.

The immune system's ability to recognize and ignore 'self' cells, preventing it from attacking its own body.

A person infected with HIV, meaning antibodies against the virus are present in their blood.

The time between HIV entry into the body and detectable antibodies in the blood.

Immunity acquired through vaccination, exposing the body to a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen.

A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.

A weakened immune system due to various factors, making the body more susceptible to infections.

A vaccine that introduces a small piece of genetic material (mRNA) encoding a viral protein to trigger an immune response.

A decrease in the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood.

Immune cells that activate other immune cells, like B cells and cytotoxic T cells, to mount an effective attack against pathogens.

The primary response is the initial encounter with an antigen, slower and weaker. The secondary response is faster and stronger due to memory cells.

The immune system's targeted response to specific pathogens, characterized by specificity, memory, and self-tolerance.