75 Questions
Which of the following is a result of vasodilation and increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation?
Erythema
What is chronic inflammation?
An ongoing battle between the host organism and a pathogen
What is a granuloma?
A pocket of infected tissue walled off and surrounded by WBCs
What causes a fever?
The production of pyrogens
What is the crisis phase of a fever?
The phase when blood flow returns to the skin and heat is released from the body
How does a fever enhance the immune response?
By releasing iron-sequestering compounds from the liver
What is an example of a life-threatening fever caused by bacterial superantigens?
Toxic shock syndrome
What is the purpose of chronic inflammation?
To clear an infectious pathogen
What is the result of vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the skin during a fever?
Pale skin
Which of the following is a result of vasodilation and increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation?
Erythema
What is chronic inflammation?
An ongoing battle between the host organism and a pathogen
What is a granuloma?
A pocket of infected tissue walled off and surrounded by WBCs
What causes a fever?
The production of pyrogens
What is the crisis phase of a fever?
The phase when blood flow returns to the skin and heat is released from the body
How does a fever enhance the immune response?
By releasing iron-sequestering compounds from the liver
What is an example of a life-threatening fever caused by bacterial superantigens?
Toxic shock syndrome
What is the purpose of chronic inflammation?
To clear an infectious pathogen
What is the result of vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the skin during a fever?
Pale skin
What are the five observable signs of acute inflammation?
Erythema, edema, heat, pain, and altered function
What is the role of the complement system in inflammation?
It can enhance the inflammatory response through the production of anaphylatoxin C5a
What is chronic inflammation?
An ongoing lower-level battle between the host organism and a pathogen
What is a granuloma?
A pocket of infected tissue surrounded by WBCs
What is a fever?
An increase in body temperature caused by the production of pyrogens
What is the crisis phase of a fever?
The phase where the fever breaks and the hypothalamus stimulates vasodilation
How does a fever enhance the immune response?
By stimulating leukocytes to kill pathogens and inhibiting the growth of many pathogens
What is an example of a life-threatening fever?
A fever caused by a bacterial infection
Why is balance important in the immune response?
Because excessive inflammation and fever can result in tissue damage and even death
Which of the following is a result of acute inflammation?
Increased vascular permeability
What is the main function of chronic inflammation?
Enhancing the immune response
What is the effect of vasodilation and increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation?
Increased blood flow
What is the cause of fever?
Production of pyrogens
What is the purpose of vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the skin during a fever?
To minimize the loss of heat
What is the effect of fever on leukocytes?
Increased leukocyte activity
What is the crisis phase of a fever?
The phase when fever breaks
What is an example of a disease caused by chronic inflammation?
Alzheimer's
What is the effect of the complement system on inflammation?
It enhances inflammation
What is the effect of chronic inflammation on tissue?
It causes tissue damage
What is the result of an immune response that is too strong?
Tissue and organ damage
What is the effect of a low-level fever on an illness?
It helps the individual overcome the illness
What are the five observable signs of acute inflammation?
Erythema, edema, heat, pain, altered function
What is the function of phagocytes in the inflammatory response?
To enhance the inflammatory response by removing pathogens and damaged cells
What is chronic inflammation?
An ongoing lower-level battle between the host organism and an infectious pathogen
What is a granuloma?
A pocket of infected tissue surrounded by WBCs
What is the purpose of a fever?
To inhibit the growth of pathogens
What is the crisis phase of a fever?
The phase where the fever breaks
What is an example of a life-threatening fever caused by bacterial superantigens?
Toxic shock syndrome caused by Staphylococcus aureus
What is the effect of vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the skin during a fever?
To divert blood flow away from extremities
What is the result of chronic inflammation?
Tissue damage and organ failure
What is the effect of a low-level fever during an illness?
To stimulate leukocytes to kill pathogens
What is the function of pyrogens during a fever?
To alter the “thermostat setting” of the hypothalamus to elevate body temperature
What is the role of the complement system in the inflammatory response?
To produce anaphylatoxin C5a
What are the five observable signs of acute inflammation?
Fever, edema, heat, pain, erythema
What is the purpose of chronic inflammation?
To fight infections that cannot be cleared by acute inflammation
What is the effect of the complement system on the inflammatory response?
It enhances inflammation through the production of anaphylatoxin C5a
What is a granuloma?
A pocket of infected tissue walled off and surrounded by WBCs
What is the effect of a low-level fever on the immune response?
It inhibits the growth of many pathogens
What is the crisis phase of a fever?
The phase in which the fever breaks
What is the effect of pyrogens on the hypothalamus during a fever?
They alter the “thermostat setting” of the hypothalamus to elevate body temperature
What is an example of a life-threatening fever caused by bacterial superantigens?
Toxic shock syndrome caused by Staphylococcus aureus
What is the effect of vasodilation and increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation?
It leads to the five observable signs of inflammation
What is the effect of chronic inflammation on the body?
It leads to tissue damage in diseases such as Alzheimer’s and heart disease
What is the effect of a fever on the skin during the crisis phase?
It stimulates vasodilation and a subsequent release of heat from the body
What is the effect of the inflammatory response on the body?
It causes tissue and organ damage
What is the purpose of inflammation?
To recruit cellular defenses
What are the five observable signs of acute inflammation?
Erythema, edema, heat, pain, and altered function
What is the complement system?
A system of proteins that enhance the inflammatory response
What is chronic inflammation?
An ongoing lower-level battle between the host organism and the pathogen
What is a granuloma?
A pocket of infected tissue walled off and surrounded by WBCs
What causes a fever?
An inflammatory response caused by the production of pyrogens
What are pyrogens?
Chemicals that alter the “thermostat setting” of the hypothalamus to elevate body temperature
What is the crisis phase of a fever?
The phase when the fever breaks
What is the purpose of a low-level fever?
To inhibit the growth of pathogens
What is an example of a life-threatening fever caused by bacterial superantigens?
Toxic shock syndrome caused by Staphylococcus aureus
What is the importance of balance in the immune response?
Excessive inflammation and fever can result in tissue damage and even death
What is the result of vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the skin during a fever?
The skin appears pale
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