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Questions and Answers
What is the essential purpose of inflammation?
What is the essential purpose of inflammation?
- To eliminate the initial cause of cell injury and promote tissue healing (correct)
- To promote the growth of necrotic cells and tissues
- To increase the permeability of blood vessels
- To prevent the activation of immune cells
Which cells are involved in the acute inflammatory response?
Which cells are involved in the acute inflammatory response?
- Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- Epithelial cells, adipose cells, and cartilage cells
- Nerve cells, muscle cells, and bone cells
- Circulating cells, vascular wall cells, and connective tissue cells (correct)
What triggers the production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in acute inflammation?
What triggers the production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in acute inflammation?
- Vasoconstriction
- Emigration of leukocytes
- Phagocytosis
- Immune cell receptor signal cascade (correct)
What are the two major stages of acute inflammation?
What are the two major stages of acute inflammation?
What are the signs of inflammation according to the text?
What are the signs of inflammation according to the text?
What is the immediate-transient response of blood vessels in inflammation?
What is the immediate-transient response of blood vessels in inflammation?
What is the role of macrophages in acute inflammation?
What is the role of macrophages in acute inflammation?
What is the duration of acute inflammation?
What is the duration of acute inflammation?
What is the purpose of the emigration of leukocytes in acute inflammation?
What is the purpose of the emigration of leukocytes in acute inflammation?
What is the ultimate goal of acute inflammation?
What is the ultimate goal of acute inflammation?
What is the characteristic feature of serous inflammation?
What is the characteristic feature of serous inflammation?
What is the main cellular infiltrate in acute inflammation?
What is the main cellular infiltrate in acute inflammation?
Which drug therapy blocks the synthesis of prostaglandin in the peripheral nervous system?
Which drug therapy blocks the synthesis of prostaglandin in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the characteristic feature of suppurative inflammation?
What is the characteristic feature of suppurative inflammation?
What is the main cellular infiltrate in chronic inflammation?
What is the main cellular infiltrate in chronic inflammation?
What is the main effect of corticosteroids in drug therapy for inflammation?
What is the main effect of corticosteroids in drug therapy for inflammation?
What is the characteristic feature of fibrinous inflammation?
What is the characteristic feature of fibrinous inflammation?
What is the distinctive pattern common to few diseases in terms of inflammation?
What is the distinctive pattern common to few diseases in terms of inflammation?
What is the characteristic feature of ulcer in inflammation?
What is the characteristic feature of ulcer in inflammation?
What are the systemic manifestations of inflammation?
What are the systemic manifestations of inflammation?
What is the clinical evidence of arteriolar vasodilatation in inflammation?
What is the clinical evidence of arteriolar vasodilatation in inflammation?
What is the consequence of increased vascular permeability in the earliest phase of inflammation?
What is the consequence of increased vascular permeability in the earliest phase of inflammation?
Which cells are primarily involved in the cellular stage of acute inflammation?
Which cells are primarily involved in the cellular stage of acute inflammation?
What process involves leukocyte extravasation from the vascular lumen to the extravascular space?
What process involves leukocyte extravasation from the vascular lumen to the extravascular space?
What enhances the recognition and phagocytosis of bacteria by leukocytes?
What enhances the recognition and phagocytosis of bacteria by leukocytes?
What can defects in leukocyte function lead to?
What can defects in leukocyte function lead to?
What do vasoactive amines such as histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin affect in inflammation?
What do vasoactive amines such as histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin affect in inflammation?
What mediates various inflammatory actions along with vasoactive amines?
What mediates various inflammatory actions along with vasoactive amines?
What are the outcomes of acute inflammation?
What are the outcomes of acute inflammation?
What characterizes chronic inflammation?
What characterizes chronic inflammation?
Study Notes
Inflammation and its Stages
- Arteriolar vasodilatation leads to increased blood flow and engorgement of capillary beds, clinically evidenced as heat and erythema.
- Increased vascular permeability in the earliest phase of inflammation leads to transudate and exudate accumulation in third spaces with low and high protein concentration, respectively.
- Acute inflammation's vascular stage involves vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation induced by inflammatory chemicals, leading to redness, heat, and swelling.
- The cellular stage of acute inflammation involves the sequence of leukocyte extravasation from the vascular lumen to the extravascular space.
- Leukocyte influx into the injury site, primarily neutrophils, occurs through slow blood flow, adhesion, and transmigration.
- The cellular response involves chemotaxis, activation, and phagocytosis through opsonins enhancing recognition and phagocytosis of bacteria.
- Defects in leukocyte function can lead to various disorders such as Chédiak-Higashi syndrome and chronic granulomatous diseases.
- Leukocyte-induced injuries include acute respiratory distress syndrome, arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis, and vasculitis.
- Vasoactive amines such as histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin play a significant role in inflammation, affecting vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
- Plasma proteases, eicosanoids, and cytokines also mediate various inflammatory actions.
- Outcomes of acute inflammation include complete resolution, scarring, abscess formation, or progression to chronic inflammation.
- Chronic inflammation is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, tissue destruction, and repair by angiogenesis and fibrosis, and may follow acute inflammation or be caused by viral or persistent infections.
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Description
Test your knowledge of inflammation and its stages with this quiz. Explore the vascular and cellular phases, leukocyte function, inflammatory mediators, outcomes of acute inflammation, and characteristics of chronic inflammation.
