Inflammation Overview and Effects
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Questions and Answers

What is a defining characteristic of transudate compared to exudate?

  • Clear fluid appearance (correct)
  • Contains high protein content
  • Presence of inflammatory cells
  • Has a high specific gravity

    • Which factor primarily causes the formation of transudate?

  • Decreased hydrostatic pressure
  • Increased hydrostatic pressure (correct)
  • Increased fibrin synthesis
  • Increased vascular permeability

    • Which of the following best describes the protein content in exudate?

  • Contains primarily immunoglobulins
  • Contains all plasma proteins (correct)
  • Contains only albumin
  • Has low protein levels

    • What differentiates exudate from transudate in terms of fluid appearance?

    <p>Exudate is turbid while transudate is clear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of fluid are fibrin and inflammatory cells typically present?

    <p>Exudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical specific gravity of transudate compared to exudate?

    <p>Lower than exudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the coagulation properties of transudate?

    <p>It does not coagulate on standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of acute inflammatory exudate is characterized by clear fluid and minimal cells?

    <p>Serous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes increased capillary permeability in the context of inflammation?

    <p>Changes in the endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of transudate fluid?

    <p>Clear fluid with low protein content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflammatory fluid is formed later during the inflammatory process?

    <p>Exudate fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes exudates?

    <p>They include a mixture of blood plasma, high protein content, and cellular debris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process leads to the formation of transudate fluid?

    <p>Increased hydrostatic pressure with normal vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endothelial swelling is responsible for which outcome in the vascular response?

    <p>Widening of intra-endothelial gaps in post-capillary venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of increased hydrostatic pressure in the formation of exudate fluid?

    <p>It facilitates the leakage of proteinaceous fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time frame associated with acute inflammation?

    <p>Hours to a few days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic inflammation?

    <p>Duration for weeks to months to years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during permanent vasodilation in inflammation?

    <p>Increased redness and warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is NOT associated with inflammation?

    <p>Increased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is increased during the vascular phase of inflammation that leads to stasis?

    <p>Vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflammation is characterized by being 'so fast you hardly know what hit you'?

    <p>Pre-acute inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT indicate a symptom of inflammation?

    <p>Increased energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is fluid formed in the inflammatory process?

    <p>Through increased vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflammation falls between acute and chronic in duration?

    <p>Subacute inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the loss of function seen in inflammation?

    <p>Swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of inflammation?

    <p>To eliminate or limit the spread of injurious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix is commonly added to the name of an organ to indicate inflammation?

    <p>-itis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a consequence of inflammation?

    <p>Increased risk of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an adverse effect of inflammation?

    <p>Thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of irritants can cause inflammation?

    <p>Physical irritants like burns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does inflammation aim to neutralize and inactivate?

    <p>Toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a type of inflammation NOT linked to a specific organ?

    <p>Pleurisy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inflammation in the healing process?

    <p>It prepares for healing by removing irritants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions exemplifies inflammation caused by hypersensitivity?

    <p>Allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of inflammation related to infections?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes fever during systemic inflammation?

    <p>Irritation of the thermoregulatory center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicative of leucocytosis in the context of infections?

    <p>Increased neutrophils due to bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a constitutional symptom of inflammation?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) indicate?

    <p>Increased inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of inflammation due to chemical irritants?

    <p>Exposure to strong alkali</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which white blood cell type is typically increased during parasitic infections?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local cardinal sign of inflammation is characterized by heat?

    <p>Redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is usually reported in chronic inflammatory conditions?

    <p>Elevated levels of C-reactive protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does tissue necrosis contribute to inflammation?

    <p>By creating ischemia, such as in myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

    <p>Increased white blood cell count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Inflammation

    • Definition: A local protective response of living vascularized tissues to stimuli (injurious agents), aiming to eliminate or limit the spread of injurious agent
    • Add the suffix -itis to organ name
    • Examples: Tonsillitis, Rhinitis, hepatitis, colitis, gastritis, cystitis.
    • Exception: Pleuritis is inflammation of pleura
    • Pneumonia is inflammation of lung

    Function of Inflammation

    • Bring elements of the immune system to the site of injury and prevent further tissue damage.

    Effects of Inflammation

    • Disposal and isolate of the irritants
    • Disposal of the consequences of injury (e.g., necrotic cells)
    • Neutralize & inactivate the toxins
    • Prepare for healing (Repair)
    • May have adverse effects
      • Pain
      • Inflammatory swelling compression or obstruction vital organs (e.g., encephalitis)
      • Hypersensitivity (e.g., Allergy)
      • Autoimmune disease
      • Thrombosis

    Causes of Inflammation

    • Microbial infections (bacteria, toxins, viruses, fungi, parasites)
    • Physical irritants (burns, excess cold, ultraviolet light, irradiation)

    Increased capillary permeability

    • Due to endothelial changes in the form of either:
      • Endothelial swelling with widening of intra-endothelial gaps of post-capillary venules.
      • Major endothelial damage involving arterioles, capillaries and venules. This results in leakage of proteinacious fluid (exudate) which causes inflammatory edema.

    Formation of inflammatory fluid

    • Early – Transudate fluid
      • Is clear fluid with low protein content (mostly albumin)
      • Is an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma due to ↑ hydrostatic pressure with normal vascular permeability
    • Later – Exudate fluid
      • Is a filtrate of blood plasma mixed with high protein content, inflammatory cells and cellular debris.
      • Due to ↑ Hydrostatic pressure + increased vascular permeability

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    Description

    This quiz explores the definition, functions, and effects of inflammation, as well as the common causes associated with it. Key terms like -itis and examples of various types of inflammation are included to enhance understanding. Test your knowledge about the immune response and its implications for health.

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