86 Questions
What is the main purpose of inflammation?
To eliminate foreign invaders and damaged tissues
Which of the following is NOT a goal of inflammation?
To deliver leukocytes to other tissues
What is the unique feature of the inflammatory process?
Reaction of blood vessels
Which of the following best describes inflammation?
A protective response involving blood vessels and host cells
What does inflammation aim to initiate?
Repair process
What does the suffix -itis indicate in medical terms?
Inflammation
Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation as described by Celsus?
Redness
What would happen if inflammation did not take place according to the text?
Infections could not be controlled
Which component plays a role in altering the permeability of microvasculature in acute inflammation?
Endothelial cells
What are the major components of acute inflammation as mentioned in the text?
vascular changes, microvascular changes,Cellular events ,mediators
What is the earliest manifestation of acute inflammation in terms of vascular changes?
Vasodilation
What is the hallmark of acute inflammation in microvascular changes?
Increased vascular permeability
Which mechanism allows plasma proteins and leukocytes to enter sites of infection or tissue damage?
Increased permeability of microvasculature
What is the term used to describe the delivery of leukocytes from the lumen to the interstitium?
Transmigration
What is the process called when leukocytes begin to roll on the endothelial surface by forming transient adhesions?
Margination
Which molecules on endothelial cells interact with leukocyte integrins during adhesion?
ICAM-1 and VCAM-1
Which molecule mediates the transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium?
PECAM-1 (CD31)
What is the purpose of chemotaxis in the sequence of cellular events?
To move leukocytes toward chemical attractants
Which of the following is NOT a chemotactic agent mentioned in the text?
MHC class II molecules
Inflammatory response involving neutrophils occurs typically within which time frame?
First 6-24 hours
What is the main function of inflammation as described in the text?
To initiate the process of repair
Which statement accurately describes the vascular changes in inflammation?
Vascular changes result in the accumulation of fluid and leukocytes in extravascular tissues
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation named in the text?
Redness, pain, fever, and swelling
Which component is responsible for altering the permeability of microvasculature in acute inflammation?
Mast cells
What is the unique feature of the inflammatory process mentioned in the text?
Reaction of blood vessels leading to the accumulation of fluid and leukocytes in extravascular tissues
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation according to historical description?
Swelling, redness, heat, and pain.
Which of the following is a component of acute inflammation that involves the alteration in permeability of microvasculature?
Plasma proteins & WBC leakage
During the inflammatory response, what is the role of chemical mediators?
Triggering vascular and cellular reactions
Which type of agents can stimulate acute inflammation?
A combination of infections, physical agents, irritants, tissue necrosis, and foreign bodies
What key step is involved in the resolution phase of an inflammatory response?
Regulation and repair of the response
During the process of transmigration, which molecule mediates the movement of leukocytes through the endothelium?
PECAM-1
Which type of leukocytes typically replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?
Macrophages
What is the main purpose of chemotaxis in the sequence of cellular events during inflammation?
Facilitate cell migration
Which type of infections are typically associated with an increase in lymphocytes during the inflammatory response?
Viral infections
Which of the following is a chemotactic agent mentioned in the text that attracts leukocytes to the site of injury?
C5a
What is the main cause of redness and warmth in the local manifestations of acute inflammation?
Vascular dilation and increased blood flow
Which mediator is responsible for inducing the increased permeability of microvasculature during acute inflammation?
Kinins
What is the key role of selectins in the process of leukocyte extravasation?
Causing rolling of leukocytes on endothelial surface
Which sequence correctly represents the steps involved in the extravasation of leukocytes in acute inflammation?
Margination, rolling, adhesion, transmigration, migration
What is the primary component responsible for fluid leakage through blood vessels in acute inflammation?
Plasma proteins
What is the major goal of inflammation according to the text?
To get rid of the initial cause of cell injury
Which component plays a key role in altering the permeability of microvasculature during acute inflammation?
Histamine
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation as named in the text?
Pain, fever, swelling, redness
During inflammation, what is the term used to describe the delivery of leukocytes from the lumen to the interstitium?
Diapedesis
What is the unique feature of the inflammatory process specifically related to the reaction of blood vessels?
Accumulation of fluid and leukocytes in extravascular tissues
What would be the primary consequence if inflammation did not occur?
Injured tissue would remain permanent festering sores
What is the main function of smooth muscle cells in the inflammatory process?
Initiate the repair process
Which component is responsible for mediating the elimination of microbes and dead tissue in the inflammatory response?
Macrophages
What is the role of mast cells in the inflammatory process?
Source of mediators like histamine
Which event triggers the vascular and cellular reactions of inflammation according to the text?
Recognition of microbes, necrotic cells, and foreign substances
During the transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium, which molecule mediates this process?
PECAM-1
In acute inflammation, which molecule is NOT a chemotactic agent responsible for attracting leukocytes to the site of injury?
Endothelin
Which leukocytes typically replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?
Macrophages
What is the function of VLA-4 during the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells?
Interact with VCAM-1
Which of these is a common chemotactic agent that attracts leukocytes to the site of injury during acute inflammation?
Histamine
Which of the following agents mediates the increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation by producing gaps between endothelial cells?
Kinins
What is the primary function of the margination process in the sequence of leukocyte extravasation?
To widen the central stream of cells
Which molecule on endothelial cells interacts with leukocyte integrins during the adhesion step of leukocyte extravasation?
P-selectin
What is the primary mechanism that allows plasma proteins and leukocytes to enter sites of infection or tissue damage in acute inflammation?
Increased vascular permeability
What is the key role of selectins in the process of leukocyte extravasation?
Forming transient adhesions for leukocyte rolling
Which molecules on endothelial cells interact with leukocyte integrins during adhesion?
ICAM-1, VCAM-1
During the transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium, which molecule mediates this process?
PECAM-1
What is the function of VLA-4 during the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells?
Bridges the interaction between endothelial cells and leukocytes
Which leukocytes typically replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?
Macrophages
What is the term used to describe the delivery of leukocytes from the lumen to the interstitium?
Extravasation
What type of infections are typically associated with an increase in lymphocytes during the inflammatory response?
Viral infections
Which of the following agents mediates the increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation by producing gaps between endothelial cells?
Leukotrienes (B4)
What is the main purpose of chemotaxis in the sequence of cellular events during inflammation?
Movement of leukocytes towards a chemical attractant
Which statement accurately describes the vascular changes in inflammation?
Increased vascular permeability and reduced blood flow.
What is the molecule responsible for mediating adhesion between leukocytes and endothelial cells?
VCAM-1
During transmigration, which molecule facilitates the movement of leukocytes through the endothelium?
PECAM-1
Which chemotactic agent attracts leukocytes to the site of injury by being a component of the complement system?
C5a
In which type of infection would you typically expect to see an increase in lymphocytes during inflammation?
Viral infections
Which leukocytes are expected to replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?
Macrophages
Which molecule plays a key role in altering microvasculature permeability during acute inflammation?
C5a
What is the term used to describe the movement of leukocytes toward a chemical attractant at the site of injury?
Chemotaxis
Which leukocytes are primarily involved in allergies according to the text?
Eosinophils
Which sequence accurately represents the chronological replacement of neutrophils with other leukocytes during inflammation?
Neutrophils -> Macrophages -> Lymphocytes -> Eosinophils
Which chemotactic agent mentioned is responsible for attracting leukocytes to the site of injury by being a component of the complement system?
C5a
Which molecule in the Ig superfamily mediates the transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium?
PECAM-1 (CD31)
What type of leukocytes typically replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?
Macrophages
Which chemotactic agent is an exogenous substance mentioned in the text?
Soluble bacterial products
What triggers the movement of leukocytes toward a chemical attractant at the site of injury?
Chemotaxis
Which leukocytes are primarily involved in allergies according to the text?
Eosinophils
Which molecule does NOT mediate the increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation by producing gaps between endothelial cells?
VCAM-1
What type of infections are typically associated with an increase in lymphocytes during the inflammatory response?
Viral infections
Test your knowledge on inflammation by defining its components, goals, steps of inflammatory response, cardinal signs, vascular changes, and cellular events. Explore the importance of eliminating foreign invaders and damaged tissues for survival.
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