Inflammation: Components and Process

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What is the main purpose of inflammation?

To prevent the repair process

To eliminate foreign invaders and damaged tissues (correct)

To increase cell injury

To cause necrosis of cells

Which of the following is NOT a goal of inflammation?

To deliver leukocytes to other tissues (correct)

To initiate the process of repair

To eliminate necrotic cells and tissues resulting from the original insult

To eliminate the initial cause of cell injury

What is the unique feature of the inflammatory process?

Reaction of blood vessels (correct)

Decreased leukocytes in extravascular tissues

Increased blood flow to tissues

Reduced fluid accumulation

Which of the following best describes inflammation?

A protective response involving blood vessels and host cells Signup and view all the answers

What does inflammation aim to initiate?

Repair process Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -itis indicate in medical terms?

Inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation as described by Celsus?

Redness Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if inflammation did not take place according to the text?

Infections could not be controlled Signup and view all the answers

Which component plays a role in altering the permeability of microvasculature in acute inflammation?

Endothelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the major components of acute inflammation as mentioned in the text?

vascular changes, microvascular changes,Cellular events ,mediators Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest manifestation of acute inflammation in terms of vascular changes?

Vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of acute inflammation in microvascular changes?

Increased vascular permeability Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism allows plasma proteins and leukocytes to enter sites of infection or tissue damage?

Increased permeability of microvasculature Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the delivery of leukocytes from the lumen to the interstitium?

Transmigration Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when leukocytes begin to roll on the endothelial surface by forming transient adhesions?

Margination Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules on endothelial cells interact with leukocyte integrins during adhesion?

ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule mediates the transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium?

PECAM-1 (CD31) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemotaxis in the sequence of cellular events?

To move leukocytes toward chemical attractants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a chemotactic agent mentioned in the text?

MHC class II molecules Signup and view all the answers

Inflammatory response involving neutrophils occurs typically within which time frame?

First 6-24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of inflammation as described in the text?

To initiate the process of repair Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the vascular changes in inflammation?

Vascular changes result in the accumulation of fluid and leukocytes in extravascular tissues Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation named in the text?

Redness, pain, fever, and swelling Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for altering the permeability of microvasculature in acute inflammation?

Mast cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of the inflammatory process mentioned in the text?

Reaction of blood vessels leading to the accumulation of fluid and leukocytes in extravascular tissues Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation according to historical description?

Swelling, redness, heat, and pain. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of acute inflammation that involves the alteration in permeability of microvasculature?

Plasma proteins & WBC leakage Signup and view all the answers

During the inflammatory response, what is the role of chemical mediators?

Triggering vascular and cellular reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of agents can stimulate acute inflammation?

A combination of infections, physical agents, irritants, tissue necrosis, and foreign bodies Signup and view all the answers

What key step is involved in the resolution phase of an inflammatory response?

Regulation and repair of the response Signup and view all the answers

During the process of transmigration, which molecule mediates the movement of leukocytes through the endothelium?

PECAM-1 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocytes typically replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of chemotaxis in the sequence of cellular events during inflammation?

Facilitate cell migration Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infections are typically associated with an increase in lymphocytes during the inflammatory response?

Viral infections Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a chemotactic agent mentioned in the text that attracts leukocytes to the site of injury?

C5a Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of redness and warmth in the local manifestations of acute inflammation?

Vascular dilation and increased blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Which mediator is responsible for inducing the increased permeability of microvasculature during acute inflammation?

Kinins Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of selectins in the process of leukocyte extravasation?

Causing rolling of leukocytes on endothelial surface Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence correctly represents the steps involved in the extravasation of leukocytes in acute inflammation?

Margination, rolling, adhesion, transmigration, migration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component responsible for fluid leakage through blood vessels in acute inflammation?

Plasma proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the major goal of inflammation according to the text?

To get rid of the initial cause of cell injury Signup and view all the answers

Which component plays a key role in altering the permeability of microvasculature during acute inflammation?

Histamine Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation as named in the text?

Pain, fever, swelling, redness Signup and view all the answers

During inflammation, what is the term used to describe the delivery of leukocytes from the lumen to the interstitium?

Diapedesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of the inflammatory process specifically related to the reaction of blood vessels?

Accumulation of fluid and leukocytes in extravascular tissues Signup and view all the answers

What would be the primary consequence if inflammation did not occur?

Injured tissue would remain permanent festering sores Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of smooth muscle cells in the inflammatory process?

Initiate the repair process Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for mediating the elimination of microbes and dead tissue in the inflammatory response?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mast cells in the inflammatory process?

Source of mediators like histamine Signup and view all the answers

Which event triggers the vascular and cellular reactions of inflammation according to the text?

Recognition of microbes, necrotic cells, and foreign substances Signup and view all the answers

During the transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium, which molecule mediates this process?

PECAM-1 Signup and view all the answers

In acute inflammation, which molecule is NOT a chemotactic agent responsible for attracting leukocytes to the site of injury?

Endothelin Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocytes typically replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of VLA-4 during the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells?

Interact with VCAM-1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common chemotactic agent that attracts leukocytes to the site of injury during acute inflammation?

Histamine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents mediates the increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation by producing gaps between endothelial cells?

Kinins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the margination process in the sequence of leukocyte extravasation?

To widen the central stream of cells Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule on endothelial cells interacts with leukocyte integrins during the adhesion step of leukocyte extravasation?

P-selectin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism that allows plasma proteins and leukocytes to enter sites of infection or tissue damage in acute inflammation?

Increased vascular permeability Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of selectins in the process of leukocyte extravasation?

Forming transient adhesions for leukocyte rolling Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules on endothelial cells interact with leukocyte integrins during adhesion?

ICAM-1, VCAM-1 Signup and view all the answers

During the transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium, which molecule mediates this process?

PECAM-1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of VLA-4 during the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells?

Bridges the interaction between endothelial cells and leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocytes typically replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the delivery of leukocytes from the lumen to the interstitium?

Extravasation Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections are typically associated with an increase in lymphocytes during the inflammatory response?

Viral infections Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents mediates the increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation by producing gaps between endothelial cells?

Leukotrienes (B4) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of chemotaxis in the sequence of cellular events during inflammation?

Movement of leukocytes towards a chemical attractant Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the vascular changes in inflammation?

Increased vascular permeability and reduced blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule responsible for mediating adhesion between leukocytes and endothelial cells?

VCAM-1 Signup and view all the answers

During transmigration, which molecule facilitates the movement of leukocytes through the endothelium?

PECAM-1 Signup and view all the answers

Which chemotactic agent attracts leukocytes to the site of injury by being a component of the complement system?

C5a Signup and view all the answers

In which type of infection would you typically expect to see an increase in lymphocytes during inflammation?

Viral infections Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocytes are expected to replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule plays a key role in altering microvasculature permeability during acute inflammation?

C5a Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the movement of leukocytes toward a chemical attractant at the site of injury?

Chemotaxis Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocytes are primarily involved in allergies according to the text?

Eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence accurately represents the chronological replacement of neutrophils with other leukocytes during inflammation?

Neutrophils -> Macrophages -> Lymphocytes -> Eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

Which chemotactic agent mentioned is responsible for attracting leukocytes to the site of injury by being a component of the complement system?

C5a Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule in the Ig superfamily mediates the transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium?

PECAM-1 (CD31) Signup and view all the answers

What type of leukocytes typically replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Which chemotactic agent is an exogenous substance mentioned in the text?

Soluble bacterial products Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the movement of leukocytes toward a chemical attractant at the site of injury?

Chemotaxis Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocytes are primarily involved in allergies according to the text?

Eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule does NOT mediate the increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation by producing gaps between endothelial cells?

VCAM-1 Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections are typically associated with an increase in lymphocytes during the inflammatory response?

Viral infections Signup and view all the answers

Inflammation: Components and Process

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of inflammation?

Which of the following is NOT a goal of inflammation?

What is the unique feature of the inflammatory process?

Which of the following best describes inflammation?

What does inflammation aim to initiate?

What does the suffix -itis indicate in medical terms?

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation as described by Celsus?

What would happen if inflammation did not take place according to the text?

Which component plays a role in altering the permeability of microvasculature in acute inflammation?

What are the major components of acute inflammation as mentioned in the text?

What is the earliest manifestation of acute inflammation in terms of vascular changes?

What is the hallmark of acute inflammation in microvascular changes?

Which mechanism allows plasma proteins and leukocytes to enter sites of infection or tissue damage?

What is the term used to describe the delivery of leukocytes from the lumen to the interstitium?

What is the process called when leukocytes begin to roll on the endothelial surface by forming transient adhesions?

Which molecules on endothelial cells interact with leukocyte integrins during adhesion?

Which molecule mediates the transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium?

What is the purpose of chemotaxis in the sequence of cellular events?

Which of the following is NOT a chemotactic agent mentioned in the text?

Inflammatory response involving neutrophils occurs typically within which time frame?

What is the main function of inflammation as described in the text?

Which statement accurately describes the vascular changes in inflammation?

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation named in the text?

Which component is responsible for altering the permeability of microvasculature in acute inflammation?

What is the unique feature of the inflammatory process mentioned in the text?

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation according to historical description?

Which of the following is a component of acute inflammation that involves the alteration in permeability of microvasculature?

During the inflammatory response, what is the role of chemical mediators?

Which type of agents can stimulate acute inflammation?

What key step is involved in the resolution phase of an inflammatory response?

During the process of transmigration, which molecule mediates the movement of leukocytes through the endothelium?

Which type of leukocytes typically replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?

What is the main purpose of chemotaxis in the sequence of cellular events during inflammation?

Which type of infections are typically associated with an increase in lymphocytes during the inflammatory response?

Which of the following is a chemotactic agent mentioned in the text that attracts leukocytes to the site of injury?

What is the main cause of redness and warmth in the local manifestations of acute inflammation?

Which mediator is responsible for inducing the increased permeability of microvasculature during acute inflammation?

What is the key role of selectins in the process of leukocyte extravasation?

Which sequence correctly represents the steps involved in the extravasation of leukocytes in acute inflammation?

What is the primary component responsible for fluid leakage through blood vessels in acute inflammation?

What is the major goal of inflammation according to the text?

Which component plays a key role in altering the permeability of microvasculature during acute inflammation?

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation as named in the text?

During inflammation, what is the term used to describe the delivery of leukocytes from the lumen to the interstitium?

What is the unique feature of the inflammatory process specifically related to the reaction of blood vessels?

What would be the primary consequence if inflammation did not occur?

What is the main function of smooth muscle cells in the inflammatory process?

Which component is responsible for mediating the elimination of microbes and dead tissue in the inflammatory response?

What is the role of mast cells in the inflammatory process?

Which event triggers the vascular and cellular reactions of inflammation according to the text?

During the transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium, which molecule mediates this process?

In acute inflammation, which molecule is NOT a chemotactic agent responsible for attracting leukocytes to the site of injury?

Which leukocytes typically replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?

What is the function of VLA-4 during the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells?

Which of these is a common chemotactic agent that attracts leukocytes to the site of injury during acute inflammation?

Which of the following agents mediates the increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation by producing gaps between endothelial cells?

What is the primary function of the margination process in the sequence of leukocyte extravasation?

Which molecule on endothelial cells interacts with leukocyte integrins during the adhesion step of leukocyte extravasation?

What is the primary mechanism that allows plasma proteins and leukocytes to enter sites of infection or tissue damage in acute inflammation?

What is the key role of selectins in the process of leukocyte extravasation?

Which molecules on endothelial cells interact with leukocyte integrins during adhesion?

During the transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium, which molecule mediates this process?

What is the function of VLA-4 during the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells?

Which leukocytes typically replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?

What is the term used to describe the delivery of leukocytes from the lumen to the interstitium?

What type of infections are typically associated with an increase in lymphocytes during the inflammatory response?

Which of the following agents mediates the increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation by producing gaps between endothelial cells?

What is the main purpose of chemotaxis in the sequence of cellular events during inflammation?

Which statement accurately describes the vascular changes in inflammation?

What is the molecule responsible for mediating adhesion between leukocytes and endothelial cells?

During transmigration, which molecule facilitates the movement of leukocytes through the endothelium?

Which chemotactic agent attracts leukocytes to the site of injury by being a component of the complement system?

In which type of infection would you typically expect to see an increase in lymphocytes during inflammation?

Which leukocytes are expected to replace neutrophils within 24-48 hours in the inflammatory response?

Which molecule plays a key role in altering microvasculature permeability during acute inflammation?

What is the term used to describe the movement of leukocytes toward a chemical attractant at the site of injury?