Inflammation and Smoking Effects

<p>Elastase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased T-cell activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To inhibit elastase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It breaks down elastic fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow immune cells access to infection sites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased breakdown of elastic fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It becomes methionine-sulfoxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonpolar amino acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harsh conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methionine-358 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smoking does not affect methionine-358 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It regulates the activity of elastase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In cases of inflammation, cancer, or trauma. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased tissue damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is classified as an acute-phase protein. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased levels of inflammatory factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases to 90 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The half-life of Hp decreases when it binds to hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It could reduce the duration of Hp's effects in the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low or defective ceruloplasmin levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Copper-like skin discoloration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic liver disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Copper transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurological disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An enzyme that breaks down elastic fibers, helping immune cells reach infection or injury sites.

A protein that inhibits elastase, preventing excessive breakdown of elastic fibers.

Immune cells that engulf and destroy pathogens or cellular debris.

The process of inflammation involves blood vessels widening and becoming more permeable, allowing immune cells to reach the site of infection or injury.

Fibers that give tissues their elasticity and flexibility.

A protein that inhibits the enzyme elastase, preventing excessive tissue damage in the lungs.

The breakdown of elastin in the lungs, often caused by an imbalance between elastase activity and the protective effect of A1AT.

Proteins whose levels increase in the blood during inflammation, infection, or trauma. These proteins are part of the body's response to these conditions.

A state of inflammation, infection, or trauma where the body's defense systems are activated to deal with the problem.,

The process of losing electrons, often in the form of hydrogen atoms, by a molecule.

The specific amino acid located at position 358 in alpha1-antitrypsin.

The chemical reaction where methionine loses an electron and becomes methionine-sulfoxide.

A nonpolar amino acid found in proteins, including alpha1-antitrypsin.

The product of methionine oxidation, a modified form of methionine.

The primary reason for lung inflammation, leading to persistent irritation and damage.

A persistent type of inflammation in the lungs, caused by factors like smoking.

Increased elastase production in lungs can damage the lung tissue over time, leading to conditions like emphysema.

The time it takes for half of a substance to decay or break down.

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.

The time it takes for half of a substance to break down when it's bound to another molecule.

The half-life of haptoglobin alone is 5 days.

When haptoglobin binds to hemoglobin, its half-life decreases to 90 minutes.

A genetic liver disorder where low or defective ceruloplasmin levels lead to excess copper accumulation in the blood and tissues.

A protein in the blood that helps to transport and bind copper.

Excess copper levels in the blood due to a malfunction in copper metabolism.

The buildup of copper in various tissues, leading to damage and discoloration.

A skin discoloration that can occur in Wilson's disease, resembling a copper hue.