Inflammation and Bone Health Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Where are prostanoids primarily discovered?

Blood plasma

Seminal fluid (correct)

Nervous tissue

Lymphatic fluid

How do prostanoids function in the body?

As neurotransmitters

As autocrine or paracrine signaling molecules (correct)

Only as hormones

Exclusively in immune responses

Which of the following are related compounds to prostanoids?

Steroids and peptides

Thromboxanes and leukotrienes (correct)

Cytokines and interleukins

Neurotransmitters and enzymes

What is the primary role of the compounds thromboxanes and leukotrienes?

Function in inflammatory responses Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the signaling roles of prostanoids is true?

They can influence cells that produce them. Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of increased hepatic production of C-reactive protein on the body?

Increased inflammatory response Signup and view all the answers

What consequence does increased production of proteolytic enzymes by chondrocytes primarily lead to?

Cartilage degeneration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct result of increased osteoclast activity?

Increased focal bone erosions Signup and view all the answers

How does cartilage degeneration typically affect joint health?

It can lead to joint pain and stiffness Signup and view all the answers

Increased osteoclast activity primarily leads to which of the following conditions?

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What do NSAIDs primarily inhibit in the context of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Inflammation Signup and view all the answers

How do NSAIDs affect fever in the body?

By blocking PGE2 synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What physiological mechanism do NSAIDs use to enhance heat dissipation?

Increased sweating Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of NSAIDs blocking PGE2 during an inflammatory response?

Reduction in fever Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the inflammatory response is NOT affected by NSAIDs?

Injury recovery Signup and view all the answers

What cardiovascular events are associated with NSAIDs, excluding aspirin?

Myocardial infarction and stroke Signup and view all the answers

Which NSAID is least likely to be harmful regarding cardiovascular events?

Naproxen Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential CNS adverse effect of NSAIDs?

Headache Signup and view all the answers

How do NSAIDs affect bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients?

They shift towards leukotriene synthesis, potentially worsening it. Signup and view all the answers

What can potentially displace salicylate due to its high protein binding?

Warfarin Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of mild salicylate toxicity?

Hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with mild salicylate toxicity?

Visual disturbances Signup and view all the answers

During mild salicylate toxicity, which of these symptoms indicates mental confusion?

Headache Signup and view all the answers

Which group of symptoms corresponds to mild salicylate toxicity?

Nausea, vomiting, and tinnitus Signup and view all the answers

What is a common first sign of mild salicylate toxicity?

Hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

C-Reactive Protein

Hepatic production of C-reactive protein is increased.

Proteolytic Enzymes & Cartilage Degeneration

Chondrocytes produce and release more proteolytic enzymes, which leads to cartilage degeneration.

Osteoclasts & Bone Erosion

Increased osteoclast activity results in focal bone erosions and osteoporosis.

Prostaglandins & Inflammation

Prostaglandins were first discovered in seminal fluid.
They act as autocrine or paracrine signaling molecules.
Prostaglandin-like compounds include thromboxanes and leukotrienes.
Prostaglandins in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suppress inflammation but do not affect disease progression.
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is involved in fever, as inflammation triggers cytokine release, leading to PGE2 production and subsequently fever.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) block PGE2, increasing heat dissipation through peripheral vasodilation and sweating.
NSAIDs can decrease normal body temperature.

Aspirin & Cardiovascular Risk

NSAIDs, excluding aspirin and naproxen, have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke.
Naproxen appears to have the lowest risk of cardiovascular harm.

NSAIDs & Bronchoconstriction

NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which can shift the balance towards leukotriene synthesis, resulting in bronchoconstriction.
Caution should be exercised when using NSAIDs in individuals with asthma.

NSAIDs & CNS Effects

NSAIDs can cause central nervous system (CNS) side effects such as headaches, tinnitus, and dizziness.

Aspirin & Drug Interactions

Salicylate (the active ingredient in aspirin) is highly protein-bound (80-90%).
Drugs that are also highly protein-bound may displace salicylate (and vice versa), potentially increasing levels of both drugs.
Examples of drugs that can interact with aspirin include warfarin, phenytoin, and valproic acid.

Aspirin Toxicity

Mild aspirin toxicity (salicylism) is characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, hyperventilation, headache, mental confusion, dizziness, and tinnitus.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the role of C-reactive protein, proteolytic enzymes, and osteoclasts in inflammation and bone health. This quiz covers important aspects of rheumatoid arthritis and the effects of prostaglandins and NSAIDs on inflammation and body temperature regulation. Challenge yourself and learn about these critical biomedical topics!