Inflammation I
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a component of acute inflammation?

  • Vascular changes
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Leukocyte dysfunction
  • Margination (correct)
  • What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

  • Margination and rolling
  • Redness and swelling (correct)
  • Permeability and chemotaxis
  • Caliber and flow
  • What is the significance of acute inflammation in disease?

  • It leads to leukocyte dysfunction
  • It is a protective response (correct)
  • It causes chronic inflammation
  • It helps in tissue repair
  • What are the steps involved in extravasation of leukocytes?

    <p>Adhesion and transmigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is leukocyte activation?

    <p>The binding of leukocytes to the endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of leukocyte dysfunction?

    <p>Impaired phagocytosis of microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of inflammation?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of acute inflammation?

    <p>Infiltration of neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cardinal signs of inflammation in vascular changes?

    <p>Calor, rubor, and tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for Sir Thomas Lewis' theory of the 'triple response'?

    <p>Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of fibroblasts in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Secretion of extracellular matrix proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of studying inflammation?

    <p>To devise treatment strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the mechanism that propels and activates the leukocyte to/at the site of injury?

    <p>Transmigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the step in extravasation of leukocytes where leukocytes form loose, transient adhesions with endothelial cells?

    <p>Rolling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the class of adhesion molecules that facilitate the transient interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells during rolling?

    <p>Selectins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the mediator that upregulates the expression and/or availability of selectins during inflammation?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the mediator that increases integrin's affinity for ICAM and VCAM by causing conformational changes in the integrin molecules?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the molecule that mediates the transmigration of leukocytes through venule walls?

    <p>PECAM-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the signs of redness and warmth in an affected area during inflammation?

    <p>Increased blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when arteriolar hydrostatic pressure increases during acute inflammation?

    <p>Fluid moves from the blood plasma into the interstitial space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net loss of fluid to the interstitial space in normal blood flow?

    <p>2 ml/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid taken up into the lymphatic system and returned to the venous circulation?

    <p>Edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the formation of an exudate during acute inflammation?

    <p>Increased hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule triggers the release of intracellular calcium stores in leukocytes?

    <p>Inositol triphosphate (IP3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of leukocyte recruitment to the site of injury?

    <p>Phagocytosis of debris and insulting substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous radical?

    <p>Myeloperoxidase (MPO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defect in LAD -1?

    <p>Defective β subunit of integrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defect in LAD -2?

    <p>Deficiency in fucose metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defect in CGD (chronic granulomatous disease)?

    <p>Deficiency in NADPH oxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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