Inflammation I
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a component of acute inflammation?

  • Vascular changes
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Leukocyte dysfunction
  • Margination (correct)

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

  • Margination and rolling
  • Redness and swelling (correct)
  • Permeability and chemotaxis
  • Caliber and flow

What is the significance of acute inflammation in disease?

  • It leads to leukocyte dysfunction
  • It is a protective response (correct)
  • It causes chronic inflammation
  • It helps in tissue repair

What are the steps involved in extravasation of leukocytes?

<p>Adhesion and transmigration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is leukocyte activation?

<p>The binding of leukocytes to the endothelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of leukocyte dysfunction?

<p>Impaired phagocytosis of microbes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of inflammation?

<p>Fibroblasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of acute inflammation?

<p>Infiltration of neutrophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation in vascular changes?

<p>Calor, rubor, and tumor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for Sir Thomas Lewis' theory of the 'triple response'?

<p>Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of fibroblasts in the inflammatory response?

<p>Secretion of extracellular matrix proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of studying inflammation?

<p>To devise treatment strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the mechanism that propels and activates the leukocyte to/at the site of injury?

<p>Transmigration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the step in extravasation of leukocytes where leukocytes form loose, transient adhesions with endothelial cells?

<p>Rolling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the class of adhesion molecules that facilitate the transient interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells during rolling?

<p>Selectins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the mediator that upregulates the expression and/or availability of selectins during inflammation?

<p>Cytokines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the mediator that increases integrin's affinity for ICAM and VCAM by causing conformational changes in the integrin molecules?

<p>Cytokines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the molecule that mediates the transmigration of leukocytes through venule walls?

<p>PECAM-1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the signs of redness and warmth in an affected area during inflammation?

<p>Increased blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when arteriolar hydrostatic pressure increases during acute inflammation?

<p>Fluid moves from the blood plasma into the interstitial space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net loss of fluid to the interstitial space in normal blood flow?

<p>2 ml/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fluid taken up into the lymphatic system and returned to the venous circulation?

<p>Edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the formation of an exudate during acute inflammation?

<p>Increased hydrostatic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule triggers the release of intracellular calcium stores in leukocytes?

<p>Inositol triphosphate (IP3) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of leukocyte recruitment to the site of injury?

<p>Phagocytosis of debris and insulting substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous radical?

<p>Myeloperoxidase (MPO) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defect in LAD -1?

<p>Defective β subunit of integrin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defect in LAD -2?

<p>Deficiency in fucose metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defect in CGD (chronic granulomatous disease)?

<p>Deficiency in NADPH oxidase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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