51 Questions
Which of the following is a common cause of inflammation?
Viral infections
What is the result of viral infection on individual cells?
Intracellular multiplication leading to cell death
Which microbes release specific toxins that contribute to inflammation?
Bacteria
What are the characteristic symptoms of inflammation?
Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
What is a characteristic of acute inflammation?
Vascular changes including vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
Which stimuli can cause acute inflammation?
Infections, tissue damage, immune reactions, and chemical mediators
What can cause tissue necrosis and inflammation?
Infections such as bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, and microbial toxins
Which factor can cause vascular leakage in acute inflammation?
Chemical mediators like histamine and cytokines
What is a common cause of chronic inflammation?
Persistent injury or infection
What is a notable feature of chronic inflammation?
Tissue destruction, repair, and fibrosis
Which diseases may involve chronic inflammation?
Tuberculosis, pulmonary silicosis, multiple sclerosis
What type of agents can cause tissue damage and vascular leakage?
Physical agents like ischemia and trauma
What may trigger acute inflammation?
Immune reactions including hypersensitivity reactions
What factor can cause vascular leakage in chronic inflammation?
Chemical mediators like cytokines
What conditions tend to occur under chronic inflammation?
Persistent organisms and prolonged exposure to toxins
What is one way viruses cause cell death?
By multiplying inside cells
What can bacterial toxins cause?
Hypersensitivity reaction
How can physical or chemical agents cause tissue damage and inflammation?
Through direct contact or radiation
What leads to an acute inflammatory response?
Tissue necrosis
What is the function of fever in response to inflammation?
To improve the efficiency of leukocyte killing and impair the replication of some invading organisms.
What can cause tissue damage from inflammation?
Viral and bacterial infections
What are potential long-term health consequences of systemic impact from inflammation?
Chronic inflammation, scarring, and tissue fibrosis
What is the role of leukocytosis in inflammation?
To increase circulating white blood cells
How does tissue necrosis contribute to inflammation?
By leading to an acute inflammatory response
What are local effects of inflammation?
Tissue damage and acute inflammatory response
How do bacteria contribute to tissue damage?
By producing specific toxins damaging tissues
Which of the following microbes can contribute to inflammation by causing the death of individual cells through intracellular multiplication?
Viruses
What is the mechanism by which bacteria can contribute to inflammation?
Release of endotoxins
What are the common causes of inflammation?
Bacteria and microbial infections
What are the typical characteristics of inflammation in living tissue?
Redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function
How do viruses cause cell death?
By multiplying inside cells or inhibiting their function
What can bacterial toxins cause?
Hypersensitivity reaction damaging tissues
How can physical or chemical agents cause tissue damage and inflammation?
Through direct contact or radiation exposure
What leads to an acute inflammatory response?
Tissue necrosis
What is the function of fever in response to inflammation?
To improve the efficiency of leukocyte killing and impair the replication of some invading organisms
What are potential long-term health consequences of systemic impact from inflammation?
Chronic inflammation and scarring
What can cause tissue damage from inflammation?
Viral and bacterial infections, physical trauma, chemical or radiation exposure
What is a characteristic symptom of inflammation?
Fever
What may trigger acute inflammation?
Physical trauma
What is a common cause of chronic inflammation?
Persistent irritants
How does tissue necrosis contribute to inflammation?
It leads to an acute inflammatory response.
Which of the following can trigger acute inflammation?
Infections
What is a characteristic of chronic inflammation?
Prolonged duration and tissue destruction
Which chemical mediators can contribute to vascular leakage in acute inflammation?
Histamine and cytokines
What type of agents can cause tissue damage and vascular leakage?
Physical agents
Which diseases may involve chronic inflammation?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What are the stimuli for acute inflammation?
Infections, tissue damage, immune reactions, chemical mediators
How do immune reactions contribute to acute inflammation?
By triggering hypersensitivity reactions
What can cause chronic inflammation?
Prolonged exposure to toxins
What role do physical agents play in causing tissue damage?
They contribute to vascular changes.
Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic inflammation?
Prolonged persistence with fibrosis
Study Notes
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Viruses cause cell death through multiplication inside cells or by inhibiting their function, leading to cell death or cell rupture.
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Bacteria produce specific toxins that can cause a hypersensitivity reaction, an inappropriate immune response that damages tissues.
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Physical or chemical agents, such as irritants or corrosive chemicals, can cause tissue damage and inflammation through direct contact or radiation.
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Tissue necrosis, or cell death due to lack of oxygen or nutrients, leads to an acute inflammatory response.
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Inflammation can have both local and systemic effects, including fever, malaise, and leukocytosis (an increase in circulating white blood cells).
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Fever is a common response to inflammation, and its function is to improve the efficiency of leukocyte killing and impair the replication of some invading organisms.
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Inflammation can occur as a result of various causes, including viral and bacterial infections, physical trauma, and chemical or radiation exposure.
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Tissue damage from inflammation can lead to further complications, such as chronic inflammation, scarring, and tissue fibrosis.
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Inflammation can also have a systemic impact on the body, leading to symptoms such as fever, malaise, and fatigue, as well as potential long-term health consequences.
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Acute inflammation is characterized by vascular changes, including vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, leading to edema and white blood cell recruitment.
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The stimuli for acute inflammation include infections, tissue damage, immune reactions, and chemical mediators.
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Infections, such as bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, and microbial toxins, can cause tissue necrosis and inflammation.
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Immune reactions, including hypersensitivity reactions, can also trigger acute inflammation.
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Chemical mediators, such as histamine and cytokines, can cause vascular leakage and further contribute to inflammation.
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Physical agents, like ischemia, trauma, and thermal injury, can cause tissue damage and vascular leakage.
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Foreign bodies, like splinters, dirt, and sutures, can also trigger an inflammatory response.
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In chronic inflammation, the inflammatory response persists for a long duration and results in tissue destruction, repair, and fibrosis.
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Chronic inflammation can be caused by persistent injury or infection, prolonged exposure to toxins, and autoimmune diseases.
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Chronic inflammation is a common component in many diseases, including ulcers, tuberculosis, pulmonary silicosis, and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis.
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Chronic inflammation tends to occur under certain conditions, including persistent organisms, repeated bouts of acute inflammation, and prolonged exposure to toxins.
Learn about the response of living tissue to injury, including redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function. Understand the causes of inflammation, including microbial infections and tissue injury.
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