Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is true about infective endocarditis (IE)?
Which of the following is true about infective endocarditis (IE)?
- IE is caused by abnormal cardiac endothelium
- IE only affects the heart valves
- IE is an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart
- IE is caused by a bacterial infection (correct)
Which valves are at risk in infective endocarditis?
Which valves are at risk in infective endocarditis?
- Pulmonary valve and aortic valve
- Aortic valve and mitral valve (correct)
- Mitral valve and tricuspid valve
- Tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve
What are the factors causing bacteraemia, which can potentially lead to infective endocarditis?
What are the factors causing bacteraemia, which can potentially lead to infective endocarditis?
- Permanent pacemakers and intravenous drug abuse
- Soft tissue infections and dental treatment
- Poor dental hygiene and intravenous drug use (correct)
- Intravascular cannulae and cardiac surgery
Which group of bacteria is an unusual cause of infective endocarditis?
Which group of bacteria is an unusual cause of infective endocarditis?
What is the most common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
What is the most common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
Which lab investigation is almost always elevated in infective endocarditis?
Which lab investigation is almost always elevated in infective endocarditis?
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by oral streptococci?
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by oral streptococci?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the leading indication for surgery in infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the leading indication for surgery in infective endocarditis?
When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for patients at highest risk of infective endocarditis?
When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for patients at highest risk of infective endocarditis?
What is the recommended antibiotic prophylaxis regimen for high-risk patients undergoing dental procedures?
What is the recommended antibiotic prophylaxis regimen for high-risk patients undergoing dental procedures?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of subacute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of subacute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Which group of bacteria is responsible for the majority of cases of infective endocarditis?
Which group of bacteria is responsible for the majority of cases of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the recommended antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)?
Which of the following is the recommended antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)?
What is the most common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
What is the most common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is a complication of infective endocarditis that occurs in over half of all cases?
Which of the following is a complication of infective endocarditis that occurs in over half of all cases?
Which of the following is the most common cause of ischemic infarcts in infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of ischemic infarcts in infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the leading cause of mortality in infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the leading cause of mortality in infective endocarditis?
When is surgery strongly indicated in infective endocarditis?
When is surgery strongly indicated in infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of subacute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of subacute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve endocarditis?
What is the leading cause of mortality in infective endocarditis?
What is the leading cause of mortality in infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the leading cause of mortality in infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the leading cause of mortality in infective endocarditis?
When is surgery strongly indicated in infective endocarditis?
When is surgery strongly indicated in infective endocarditis?
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis?
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common complication of infective endocarditis?
Which group of bacteria is an unusual cause of infective endocarditis?
Which group of bacteria is an unusual cause of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of infective endocarditis?
What is the recommended antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
What is the recommended antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
What is the most common cause of culture negative endocarditis?
What is the most common cause of culture negative endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following organisms is NOT a member of the HACEK group?
Which of the following organisms is NOT a member of the HACEK group?
Which of the following is NOT a major criterion for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis according to the Duke Criteria?
Which of the following is NOT a major criterion for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis according to the Duke Criteria?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of therapy for infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of therapy for infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of ischemic infarcts in infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of ischemic infarcts in infective endocarditis?
When is surgery strongly indicated in infective endocarditis?
When is surgery strongly indicated in infective endocarditis?
When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for patients at highest risk of infective endocarditis?
When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for patients at highest risk of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a common clinical feature of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a common clinical feature of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of culture negative endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of culture negative endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a peripheral manifestation of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a peripheral manifestation of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common organism responsible for infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common organism responsible for infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve endocarditis?
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by oral streptococci?
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by oral streptococci?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of infective endocarditis?
When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for patients at highest risk of infective endocarditis?
When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for patients at highest risk of infective endocarditis?
Which group of bacteria is an unusual cause of infective endocarditis?
Which group of bacteria is an unusual cause of infective endocarditis?
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by oral streptococci?
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by oral streptococci?
Which of the following is a common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is a common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a major criterion for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis according to the Duke Criteria?
Which of the following is NOT a major criterion for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis according to the Duke Criteria?
Which group of bacteria is responsible for the majority of cases of infective endocarditis?
Which group of bacteria is responsible for the majority of cases of infective endocarditis?
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by oral streptococci?
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis caused by oral streptococci?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for prosthetic valve endocarditis?
What is the most common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
What is the most common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common complication of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common complication of infective endocarditis?
When is surgery strongly indicated in infective endocarditis?
When is surgery strongly indicated in infective endocarditis?
Which group of bacteria is responsible for the majority of cases of infective endocarditis?
Which group of bacteria is responsible for the majority of cases of infective endocarditis?
When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for patients at highest risk of infective endocarditis?
When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for patients at highest risk of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a common peripheral sign of infective endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute native valve endocarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a major criterion for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis according to the Duke Criteria?
Which of the following is NOT a major criterion for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis according to the Duke Criteria?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Flashcards
What causes infective endocarditis?
What causes infective endocarditis?
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection of the heart valves caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream.
Which heart valves are most vulnerable to IE?
Which heart valves are most vulnerable to IE?
The aortic valve and mitral valve are the most commonly affected valves in infective endocarditis.
What are common causes of bacteremia?
What are common causes of bacteremia?
Poor dental hygiene and intravenous drug use are common causes of bacteremia, which can lead to IE.
What is a less common cause of IE?
What is a less common cause of IE?
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What is a common sign of IE on the skin?
What is a common sign of IE on the skin?
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What lab test is often elevated in IE?
What lab test is often elevated in IE?
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How long is antibiotic treatment for IE caused by oral streptococci?
How long is antibiotic treatment for IE caused by oral streptococci?
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What is a complication of IE NOT directly related to the heart?
What is a complication of IE NOT directly related to the heart?
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What is the most common reason for surgery in IE?
What is the most common reason for surgery in IE?
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When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for IE?
When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for IE?
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What is the recommended antibiotic prophylaxis regimen for IE?
What is the recommended antibiotic prophylaxis regimen for IE?
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What is the most common cause of acute native valve IE?
What is the most common cause of acute native valve IE?
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What is the most common cause of subacute native valve IE?
What is the most common cause of subacute native valve IE?
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What is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve IE?
What is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve IE?
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Which bacterial group is most responsible for IE?
Which bacterial group is most responsible for IE?
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What is the treatment for MSSA IE?
What is the treatment for MSSA IE?
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What is another common peripheral sign of IE?
What is another common peripheral sign of IE?
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What is a complication of IE NOT directly related to the heart?
What is a complication of IE NOT directly related to the heart?
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What is a common complication of IE occurring in over half of cases?
What is a common complication of IE occurring in over half of cases?
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What is the most common cause of ischemic infarcts in IE?
What is the most common cause of ischemic infarcts in IE?
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What is the leading cause of death in IE?
What is the leading cause of death in IE?
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When is surgery strongly indicated in IE?
When is surgery strongly indicated in IE?
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What is the most common cause of subacute native valve IE?
What is the most common cause of subacute native valve IE?
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What is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve IE?
What is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve IE?
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What is the leading cause of death in IE?
What is the leading cause of death in IE?
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What is the most common complication of IE?
What is the most common complication of IE?
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What is the leading cause of death in IE?
What is the leading cause of death in IE?
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When is surgery strongly indicated in IE?
When is surgery strongly indicated in IE?
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How long is antibiotic treatment typically recommended?
How long is antibiotic treatment typically recommended?
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What is NOT a risk factor for prosthetic valve IE?
What is NOT a risk factor for prosthetic valve IE?
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What is the most common cause of acute native valve IE?
What is the most common cause of acute native valve IE?
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What is the most common complication of IE?
What is the most common complication of IE?
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What is an unusual cause of IE?
What is an unusual cause of IE?
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What is NOT a common complication of IE?
What is NOT a common complication of IE?
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What is the treatment for MRSA IE?
What is the treatment for MRSA IE?
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What is the most common cause of culture-negative IE?
What is the most common cause of culture-negative IE?
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What is NOT a common peripheral sign of IE?
What is NOT a common peripheral sign of IE?
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Which organism is NOT part of the HACEK group?
Which organism is NOT part of the HACEK group?
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According to the Duke Criteria, what is NOT a major criterion for IE diagnosis?
According to the Duke Criteria, what is NOT a major criterion for IE diagnosis?
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What is NOT a principle of treatment for IE?
What is NOT a principle of treatment for IE?
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What is NOT a common complication of IE?
What is NOT a common complication of IE?
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What is the most common cause of ischemic infarcts in IE?
What is the most common cause of ischemic infarcts in IE?
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When is surgery strongly indicated in IE?
When is surgery strongly indicated in IE?
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When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for IE?
When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended for IE?
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What is NOT a common clinical feature of IE?
What is NOT a common clinical feature of IE?
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What is the most common cause of culture-negative IE?
What is the most common cause of culture-negative IE?
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What is NOT a common peripheral sign of IE?
What is NOT a common peripheral sign of IE?
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What is the most common organism responsible for IE?
What is the most common organism responsible for IE?
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What is the most common cause of acute native valve IE?
What is the most common cause of acute native valve IE?
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What is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve IE?
What is NOT associated with an increased risk of prosthetic valve IE?
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Study Notes
Infective Endocarditis
- Infective endocarditis (IE) can affect any heart valve, but mitral and aortic valves are most commonly affected.
- Bacteraemia, which can lead to IE, can be caused by factors such as indwelling IV lines, hemodialysis, and IV drug abuse.
- HACEK group of bacteria (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella) are an unusual cause of IE.
Clinical Features and Diagnosis
- Roth's spots, Osler nodes, and Janeway lesions are common peripheral signs of IE.
- ESR is almost always elevated in IE.
- The leading indication for surgery in IE is heart failure.
Treatment and Prophylaxis
- The recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for IE caused by oral streptococci is 4-6 weeks.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for high-risk patients undergoing dental procedures, and the recommended regimen is a single dose of amoxicillin 2g orally.
- Surgery is strongly indicated in IE when there is heart failure, perivalvular abscess, or persistently positive blood cultures.
Complications and Causes
- Heart failure is the leading cause of mortality in IE.
- Embolic events, such as ischemic infarcts, are a common complication of IE, and are most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
- Oral streptococci are the most common cause of subacute native valve endocarditis, while Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of acute native valve endocarditis.
Microbiology
- Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of cases of IE.
- Bartonella and Coxiella are unusual causes of IE.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Infective Endocarditis with this quiz! Learn about the definition, causes, and symptoms of this infection of the heart's endocardial surface. Challenge yourself with questions on acute and subacute bacterial endocarditis.
