Valvular Heart Disease

Which of the following is a risk factor for infective endocarditis?

Which organism is NOT commonly associated with the composition of a vegetation in infective endocarditis?

What is the most common causative organism for acute native valve endocarditis?

Which type of endocarditis is characterized by indolent but potentially deteriorating disease?

Which valve is more susceptible to early-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis?

What percentage of cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis involve mechanical and bio-prosthetic valves?

Which valve is most commonly involved in infective endocarditis in IV drug abusers?

What is the main principle of treatment for infective endocarditis?

Which diagnostic imaging technique is especially useful in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis?

What is the most common route of entry for organisms causing infective endocarditis?

Which term describes the narrowing of the valve outlet caused by thickening of valve cusps, or increased rigidity or scarring?

What is the term for incomplete seal when valves close, allowing blood to flow backwards?

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of cardiac valve stenosis and incompetence?

Which valves are associated with systole?

Which valves are associated with diastole?

Which of the following is NOT a sign of aortic stenosis?

What percentage of heart failure involves valve disease?

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for infective endocarditis?

What is the term for the composition of a vegetation in infective endocarditis?

Which of the following is NOT a probable causative organism of infective endocarditis?

Which type of block can generate circus re-entry movements?

What is the main characteristic of Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome?

Which class of anti-dysrhythmic drugs blocks fast sodium channels?

Which class of anti-dysrhythmic drugs prolongs the duration of action potential repolarization?

Which class of anti-dysrhythmic drugs blocks Ca2+ channels?

Which of the following drugs does NOT fit into the Vaughn-Williams Classification?

What is the frequency of impulses generated in circus re-entry movements?

What is the main characteristic of the grey area in the text?

What is the term for the early upstroke of the QRS complex in Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome?

What is the term for the movement of a sinus impulse through a unidirectional block?

Which category of event is responsible for the origin of dysrhythmias?

Which type of dysrhythmia is associated with the AV node?

Which type of dysrhythmia has the fastest inherent rate?

Which category of event is responsible for changes in the heart cells?

Which type of dysrhythmia is more serious?

Which type of dysrhythmia is associated with the origin at the sinoatrial node (SAN)?

Which category of event is responsible for changes in the conduction of the impulse through the heart?

Which type of dysrhythmia is associated with the origin at the atrioventricular node (AVN)?

Which type of dysrhythmia is associated with ventricular origin?

Which type of dysrhythmia is associated with atrial origin?

Which of the following is the correct order of the phases of cardiac action potential?

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of ectopic pacemakers?

Which of the following is a characteristic of second degree heart block type 2 (Mobitz type 2)?

Which of the following is a characteristic of third degree heart block?

Which of the following is a characteristic of Wenckebach heart block?

What is the most likely cause of heart block?

What is the primary path for electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles?

What is the term for the phenomenon when an electrical impulse re-stimulates a region of the heart after its refractory period has passed?

What is the term for the condition where the AV node is only slightly affected and conduction is slowed, resulting in an abnormally long P-R interval?

Which of the following is NOT a subtype of second degree heart block?