20 Questions
What is the name of the disease that is caused by the Nipah virus?
Nipah virus encephalitis
Which of the following is an example of a re-emerging disease?
Malaria
What is a cause of the re-emergence of infectious diseases?
All of the above
What is an example of a zoonotic disease?
Hendra virus infection
What is an opportunistic infection that can occur in people with weakened immune systems?
TB
What is an example of a hemorrhagic fever?
Marburg hemorrhagic fever
What is a factor that contributes to the re-emergence of infectious diseases?
All of the above
What is an example of a superbug?
MRSA
Which of the following is NOT an opportunistic infection?
Malaria
What is a contributing factor to the emergence of infectious diseases?
Breakdown of public health measures
Which of the following is an example of a re-emerging disease?
Tuberculosis (TB)
What is a common feature of opportunistic infections?
They are more common in immunocompromised individuals
Which of the following is a zoonotic disease?
Lassa fever
What is a consequence of increased international travel?
Increased exposure to exotic animals
What is the possible consequence of using antibiotics in women?
Overgrowth of Candida albicans, causing yeast vaginitis
What is the term for inflammation of the fallopian tubes?
Salpingitis
What is the term for inflammation of the vulva and the vagina?
Vulvovaginitis
What are the three most common causes of vaginitis?
C. albicans, T. vaginalis, and a mixture of bacteria
What is the term for diseases transmitted through sexual activities?
Sexually transmitted diseases
What is an example of an epidemic STD?
All of the above
Study Notes
Infectious Diseases
- Re-emerging infectious diseases include Marburg hemorrhagic fever, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Nipah virus encephalitis, and Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
- Emerging infectious diseases include HIV infection and AIDS, Human monkeypox, West Nile virus encephalitis, and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Causes of Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
- Pathogen mutations and genetic recombination
- Acquired drug resistance
- Decreased compliance with vaccination policies and other breakdowns in public health measures
- Population shifts, war, and civil conflicts
- Famine, floods, droughts, and bioterrorism
Examples of Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
- Cholera, Dengue fever, Diphtheria, Malaria, Rift Valley fever, TB, and Yellow fever
- MRSA infections and other superbugs
Opportunistic Infections
- Infections that normally wouldn't occur in healthy individuals or would only cause mild infections, but are common in immunosuppressed individuals
- Examples include Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, CMV infection, HSV infection, Malaria, Mycobacterium avium complex, Pneumocystis pneumonia, and Toxoplasmosis
Causes of Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Changes in human demographics and behavior
- Ecological changes (dams, deforestation, climate change)
- Increased international travel
- Increased exposure to exotic animals
- Misuse of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents
- Breakdown of public health measures
Examples of Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Lassa fever, Avian influenza, Cryptosporidiosis, Legionellosis, and Lyme disease
Infectious Diseases of the Genital Tract
- Bartholinitis, Cervicitis, Endometritis, Epididymitis, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), Salpingitis, Vaginitis, and Vulvovaginitis
- Three most common causes of vaginitis: C. albicans, T. vaginalis, and a mixture of bacteria (Mobiluncus, Gardnerella - Bacterial Vaginosis)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
- Include any of the infections transmitted by sexual activities, affecting not only the genital tract but also the skin, mucous membranes, blood, lymphatic and digestive systems, and many other anatomic sites
- Examples of STDs include AIDS, Chlamydial infections, Herpes infections, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Hepatitis B, Amebiasis, and Giardiasis
This quiz covers various infectious diseases including Ebola, Marburg, HUS, Nipah virus encephalitis and more. Test your knowledge on these serious health threats.
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