96 Questions
Which disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?
Chagas disease
What is the treatment for Chagas disease in the acute phase?
Nifurtimox
Which parasite is responsible for causing Toxoplasmosis?
Toxoplasma gondii
How can humans get infected with Toxoplasmosis?
Via cats
Which stage of Toxoplasma gondii is responsible for the acute phase of infection?
Tachyzoites
Which disease is transmitted to humans via sand flies?
Leishmaniasis
What is the treatment for visceral leishmaniasis?
Antimony compounds
Which disease is caused by nematodes in the family Filarioidea?
Lymphatic filariasis
What is the early stage in the life cycle of filarial worms?
Microfilariae
Which disease affects the lymphatic system?
Lymphatic filariasis
Which disease is transmitted to humans via cats?
Toxoplasmosis
Which system includes lymph nodes, vessels, and organs like the spleen, thymus, and tonsils?
Lymphatic system
What is the potential consequence of taking aspirin when having an enlarged spleen?
Increased risk of severe reaction
Which circuit carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs and back?
Pulmonary circuit
Which viral disease causes symptoms including fever, sore throat, and fatigue?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Which condition is related to the lymphatic system and characterized by inflammation of the lymph nodes?
Lymphadenitis
What is the potential consequence of reactivating cytomegalovirus (CMV) in immunocompromised individuals?
Severe illness
Which virus is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, a cancer of B lymphocytes?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Which part of the cardiovascular system carries oxygen-rich blood to the body?
Aorta
Which condition is related to the cardiovascular system and characterized by inflammation of the heart's lining?
Endocarditis
What is the potential consequence of vertical transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
Severe birth defects
Which systemic viral disease is associated with distinct symptoms and transmission methods?
All of the above
What is the potential consequence of inflammation in the endocardium?
Increased risk of blood clot formation
Which pathogen is responsible for Elizabeth's bacterial endocarditis?
Streptococcus mutans
What are the potential complications of infective endocarditis?
Stroke and abscesses
Which organism is responsible for causing malaria?
Plasmodium falciparum
What are the key symptoms of malaria?
Chills, fever, and sweating
Which organism causes babesiosis?
Babesia microti
What is the primary mode of transmission for Chagas disease?
Reduviid bug bites
What are the acute symptoms of Chagas disease?
Enlarged spleen and liver
What are the key aspects of malaria management?
Treatment with chloroquine
What is the life cycle of Plasmodium?
Sporozoites, merozoites, and gametocytes
What is the causative agent of bacterial endocarditis?
Bacteria
How does Babesiosis typically present in immunocompetent patients?
Mild flu-like illness
What is the impact of bacterial endocarditis on heart valves?
Formation of infected vegetation
Which bacterial infection is associated with the presence of lipoproteins, F1 protein capsule, biofilm formation, and a type III secretion system as virulence factors?
Plague
Which disease is transmitted by ticks and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ankles?
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Which bacterial infection can be transmitted from person to person and presents with distinct forms including bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic?
Plague
Which disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by ticks and presents with a bull's-eye rash in the early stage?
Lyme disease
Which bacterial infection lives inside macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract and can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route?
Typhoid fever
Which disease has distinct stages with varied symptoms, including neurological and cardiac involvement in the second stage?
Lyme disease
Which bacterial infection presents with rose spots and can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route?
Typhoid fever
Which disease is easily transmitted from person to person and can present with a bull's-eye rash?
Lyme disease
Which bacterial infection is transmitted by ticks and lice and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ankles?
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Which disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks?
Lyme disease
Which bacterial infection can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route and lives inside macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract?
Typhoid fever
Which disease has easily transmissible pneumonic and non-transmissible bubonic forms?
Plague
Symptoms that can help differentiate circulatory system infections caused by viruses from those caused by bacteria and parasites are ______ and ______.
fever, sore throat
Prevention strategies based on transmission routes for microbes that cause systemic infections include ______ and ______.
hand hygiene, vaccination
Mira's positive mono test indicated that her symptoms were likely caused by a ______ infection.
viral
The nurse practitioner found that Mira had a mild fever, pharyngitis, swollen tonsils, and some swollen lymph nodes in her neck, which are all symptoms of ______.
infectious mononucleosis (mono)
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan __________ cruzi
Trypanosoma
Infected cats can release up to 100 million __________ every day for 7–21 days
oocytes
Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan __________ gondii
Toxoplasma
The female sand fly is the insect vector for __________
Leishmaniasis
Filariasis describes a group of diseases caused by nematodes in the family __________
Filarioidea
__________ albicans can invade beyond the mucosal surface and infect virtually any organ system
Candida
The early stage in the life cycle of filarial worms is the production of __________
Microfilariae
If the number or function of neutrophils is decreased, __________ may invade beyond the mucosal surface and infect virtually any organ system
yeast
The treatment for visceral leishmaniasis involves antimony compounds such as sodium stibogluconate or __________
Pentostam
The acute phase of Chagas disease may present with heart failure, enlarged esophagus, and __________
colon
The key symptom of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals is more serious compared to immunocompetent individuals and may lead to __________ disease
congenital
The treatment that works best in the acute phase of Chagas disease is __________ or benznidazole
Nifurtimox
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems- Mira was advised to rest, take ibuprofen, and avoid strenuous activities due to a potential enlarged spleen from ______
infection
- Aspirin was contraindicated due to the risk of severe ______
reaction
Mira was cleared to resume soccer after a follow-up visit showed her spleen was not ______
enlarged
The pulmonary circuit carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs and ______, while the systemic circuit delivers oxygen-rich blood to the body
back
Inflammation can occur in the ______, pericardium, and myocardium
endocardium
Lymphadenopathy, lymphadenitis, and ______ are conditions related to the lymphatic system
lymphangitis
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis, with symptoms including fever, sore throat, and ______
fatigue
EBV is also associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, a cancer of B ______
lymphocytes
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpes virus causing asymptomatic infections, reactivation in immunocompromised individuals, and ______ transmission
vertical
Other systemic viral diseases include dengue virus, Ebola virus, and ______ virus, each with distinct symptoms and transmission methods
Chikungunya
Systemic Bacterial Infections and Their Characteristics- Sepsis is an immune response due to bacteria in the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and septic ______.
shock
A case study of a patient with Yersinia pestis infection (plague) illustrates the transmission and symptoms of the disease, including bubonic, septicemic, and ______ forms.
pneumonic
Virulence factors of Yersinia pestis include lipoproteins, F1 protein capsule, biofilm formation, and a type III ______ system.
secretion
Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by ticks and has stages with distinct symptoms, such as a bull's eye rash in the early ______.
stage
Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, lives inside macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract, and can be transmitted through the ______ route.
fecal-oral
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by ticks and lice, and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ______.
ankles
Pneumonic plague is easily transmitted from person to person, in contrast to bubonic plague, which is not ______.
transmissible
Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks, presents with a bull's-eye rash and is treated with antibiotics like ______.
doxycycline
Lyme disease has distinct stages with varied symptoms, including neurological and cardiac involvement in the second ______.
stage
Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route and presents with rose ______.
spots
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by ticks and lice and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ______.
ankles
Bacterial infections of the heart have different manifestations, and endocarditis can be compared and contrasted based on different ______.
types
Elizabeth, 58, with mitral valve prolapse, on immunosuppressive therapy, developed ______ endocarditis after a dental procedure, caused by Streptococcus mutans
subacute
Bacterial ______ can be subacute (gradual, with fatigue, fever, weight loss) or acute (sudden, potentially fatal within days)
endocarditis
Pathogenesis of infective endocarditis involves ______ gaining access to the bloodstream, adhering to cardiac valve surfaces, creating infected vegetation, and potential complications like stroke or abscesses
pathogens
Images show normal and infected ______ valves, illustrating the impact of bacterial endocarditis
heart
The complex life cycle of ______ involves sporozoites, merozoites, and gametocytes, with symptoms including chills, fever, and sweating
Plasmodium
Plasmodium's immune evasion and treatment with ______ are key aspects of malaria management
chloroquine
Babesiosis, caused by ______ microti and transmitted by ticks, leads to mild flu-like illness in immunocompetent patients and prolonged illness in immunosuppressed individuals
Babesia
Chagas disease, caused by ______ cruzi and transmitted by the Reduviid bug, presents with acute symptoms such as enlarged spleen and liver, and chronic symptoms 10-20 years after infection
Trypanosoma
The Reduviid bug releases the ______ in its feces, entering the host through nearby bug bites
parasite
The text aims to construct lists of systemic ______ infections, relate disease stages to the infecting agent's growth cycle, list affected organ systems, and devise infection prevention plans
parasitic
The content provides detailed insights into the pathogenesis, symptoms, and treatment of ______ endocarditis, malaria, babesiosis, and Chagas disease, highlighting the impact of these infections on human health
bacterial
Study Notes
Bacterial Infections and Systemic Parasitic Infections: Understanding the Links and Implications
- Elizabeth, 58, with mitral valve prolapse, on immunosuppressive therapy, developed bacterial endocarditis after a dental procedure, caused by Streptococcus mutans.
- Bacterial endocarditis can be subacute (gradual, with fatigue, fever, weight loss) or acute (sudden, potentially fatal within days).
- Pathogenesis of infective endocarditis involves pathogens gaining access to the bloodstream, adhering to cardiac valve surfaces, creating infected vegetation, and potential complications like stroke or abscesses.
- Images show normal and infected heart valves, illustrating the impact of bacterial endocarditis.
- Malaria affects 219 million people worldwide, causing 435,000 deaths, mostly in children, and is transmitted by four species of Plasmodium.
- The complex life cycle of Plasmodium involves sporozoites, merozoites, and gametocytes, with symptoms including chills, fever, and sweating.
- Plasmodium's immune evasion and treatment with chloroquine are key aspects of malaria management.
- Babesiosis, caused by Babesia microti and transmitted by ticks, leads to mild flu-like illness in immunocompetent patients and prolonged illness in immunosuppressed individuals.
- Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by the Reduviid bug, presents with acute symptoms such as enlarged spleen and liver, and chronic symptoms 10-20 years after infection.
- The Reduviid bug releases the parasite in its feces, entering the host through nearby bug bites.
- The text aims to construct lists of systemic parasitic infections, relate disease stages to the infecting agent's growth cycle, list affected organ systems, and devise infection prevention plans.
- The content provides detailed insights into the pathogenesis, symptoms, and treatment of bacterial endocarditis, malaria, babesiosis, and Chagas disease, highlighting the impact of these infections on human health.
Systemic Bacterial Infections and Their Characteristics
- Sepsis is an immune response due to bacteria in the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and septic shock.
- A case study of a patient with Yersinia pestis infection (plague) illustrates the transmission and symptoms of the disease, including bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic forms.
- Virulence factors of Yersinia pestis include lipoproteins, F1 protein capsule, biofilm formation, and a type III secretion system.
- Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by ticks and has stages with distinct symptoms, such as a bull's eye rash in the early stage.
- Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, lives inside macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract, and can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route.
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by ticks and lice, and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ankles.
- Pneumonic plague is easily transmitted from person to person, in contrast to bubonic plague, which is not transmissible.
- Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks, presents with a bull's-eye rash and is treated with antibiotics like doxycycline.
- Lyme disease has distinct stages with varied symptoms, including neurological and cardiac involvement in the second stage.
- Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route and presents with rose spots.
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by ticks and lice and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ankles.
- Bacterial infections of the heart have different manifestations, and endocarditis can be compared and contrasted based on different types.
Bacterial Infections and Systemic Parasitic Infections: Understanding the Links and Implications
- Elizabeth, 58, with mitral valve prolapse, on immunosuppressive therapy, developed bacterial endocarditis after a dental procedure, caused by Streptococcus mutans.
- Bacterial endocarditis can be subacute (gradual, with fatigue, fever, weight loss) or acute (sudden, potentially fatal within days).
- Pathogenesis of infective endocarditis involves pathogens gaining access to the bloodstream, adhering to cardiac valve surfaces, creating infected vegetation, and potential complications like stroke or abscesses.
- Images show normal and infected heart valves, illustrating the impact of bacterial endocarditis.
- Malaria affects 219 million people worldwide, causing 435,000 deaths, mostly in children, and is transmitted by four species of Plasmodium.
- The complex life cycle of Plasmodium involves sporozoites, merozoites, and gametocytes, with symptoms including chills, fever, and sweating.
- Plasmodium's immune evasion and treatment with chloroquine are key aspects of malaria management.
- Babesiosis, caused by Babesia microti and transmitted by ticks, leads to mild flu-like illness in immunocompetent patients and prolonged illness in immunosuppressed individuals.
- Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by the Reduviid bug, presents with acute symptoms such as enlarged spleen and liver, and chronic symptoms 10-20 years after infection.
- The Reduviid bug releases the parasite in its feces, entering the host through nearby bug bites.
- The text aims to construct lists of systemic parasitic infections, relate disease stages to the infecting agent's growth cycle, list affected organ systems, and devise infection prevention plans.
- The content provides detailed insights into the pathogenesis, symptoms, and treatment of bacterial endocarditis, malaria, babesiosis, and Chagas disease, highlighting the impact of these infections on human health.
Test your knowledge of bacterial infections and systemic parasitic infections with this quiz. Explore the pathogenesis, symptoms, and treatment of bacterial endocarditis, malaria, babesiosis, Chagas disease, sepsis, plague, Lyme disease, typhoid fever, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Understand the impact of these infections on human health and learn about their characteristics and transmission.
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