Infectious Diseases Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?

  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Leishmaniasis
  • Lymphatic filariasis
  • Chagas disease (correct)

    • What is the treatment for Chagas disease in the acute phase?

  • Nifurtimox (correct)
  • Sodium stibogluconate
  • Pentostam
  • Benznidazole

    • Which parasite is responsible for causing Toxoplasmosis?

  • Trypanosoma brucei
  • Trypanosoma cruzi
  • Toxoplasma gondii (correct)
  • Leishmania donovani

    • How can humans get infected with Toxoplasmosis?

    <p>Via cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Toxoplasma gondii is responsible for the acute phase of infection?

    <p>Tachyzoites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is transmitted to humans via sand flies?

    <p>Leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for visceral leishmaniasis?

    <p>Antimony compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by nematodes in the family Filarioidea?

    <p>Lymphatic filariasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the early stage in the life cycle of filarial worms?

    <p>Microfilariae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease affects the lymphatic system?

    <p>Lymphatic filariasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is transmitted to humans via cats?

    <p>Toxoplasmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system includes lymph nodes, vessels, and organs like the spleen, thymus, and tonsils?

    <p>Lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of taking aspirin when having an enlarged spleen?

    <p>Increased risk of severe reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circuit carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs and back?

    <p>Pulmonary circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral disease causes symptoms including fever, sore throat, and fatigue?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is related to the lymphatic system and characterized by inflammation of the lymph nodes?

    <p>Lymphadenitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of reactivating cytomegalovirus (CMV) in immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>Severe illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, a cancer of B lymphocytes?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cardiovascular system carries oxygen-rich blood to the body?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is related to the cardiovascular system and characterized by inflammation of the heart's lining?

    <p>Endocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of vertical transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

    <p>Severe birth defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which systemic viral disease is associated with distinct symptoms and transmission methods?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of inflammation in the endocardium?

    <p>Increased risk of blood clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is responsible for Elizabeth's bacterial endocarditis?

    <p>Streptococcus mutans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential complications of infective endocarditis?

    <p>Stroke and abscesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is responsible for causing malaria?

    <p>Plasmodium falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key symptoms of malaria?

    <p>Chills, fever, and sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism causes babesiosis?

    <p>Babesia microti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Chagas disease?

    <p>Reduviid bug bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the acute symptoms of Chagas disease?

    <p>Enlarged spleen and liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key aspects of malaria management?

    <p>Treatment with chloroquine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the life cycle of Plasmodium?

    <p>Sporozoites, merozoites, and gametocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of bacterial endocarditis?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Babesiosis typically present in immunocompetent patients?

    <p>Mild flu-like illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of bacterial endocarditis on heart valves?

    <p>Formation of infected vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial infection is associated with the presence of lipoproteins, F1 protein capsule, biofilm formation, and a type III secretion system as virulence factors?

    <p>Plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is transmitted by ticks and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ankles?

    <p>Rocky Mountain spotted fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial infection can be transmitted from person to person and presents with distinct forms including bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic?

    <p>Plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by ticks and presents with a bull's-eye rash in the early stage?

    <p>Lyme disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial infection lives inside macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract and can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route?

    <p>Typhoid fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease has distinct stages with varied symptoms, including neurological and cardiac involvement in the second stage?

    <p>Lyme disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial infection presents with rose spots and can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route?

    <p>Typhoid fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is easily transmitted from person to person and can present with a bull's-eye rash?

    <p>Lyme disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial infection is transmitted by ticks and lice and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ankles?

    <p>Rocky Mountain spotted fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks?

    <p>Lyme disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial infection can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route and lives inside macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Typhoid fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease has easily transmissible pneumonic and non-transmissible bubonic forms?

    <p>Plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Symptoms that can help differentiate circulatory system infections caused by viruses from those caused by bacteria and parasites are ______ and ______.

    <p>fever, sore throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prevention strategies based on transmission routes for microbes that cause systemic infections include ______ and ______.

    <p>hand hygiene, vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mira's positive mono test indicated that her symptoms were likely caused by a ______ infection.

    <p>viral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nurse practitioner found that Mira had a mild fever, pharyngitis, swollen tonsils, and some swollen lymph nodes in her neck, which are all symptoms of ______.

    <p>infectious mononucleosis (mono)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan __________ cruzi

    <p>Trypanosoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infected cats can release up to 100 million __________ every day for 7–21 days

    <p>oocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan __________ gondii

    <p>Toxoplasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The female sand fly is the insect vector for __________

    <p>Leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Filariasis describes a group of diseases caused by nematodes in the family __________

    <p>Filarioidea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ albicans can invade beyond the mucosal surface and infect virtually any organ system

    <p>Candida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The early stage in the life cycle of filarial worms is the production of __________

    <p>Microfilariae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the number or function of neutrophils is decreased, __________ may invade beyond the mucosal surface and infect virtually any organ system

    <p>yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The treatment for visceral leishmaniasis involves antimony compounds such as sodium stibogluconate or __________

    <p>Pentostam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acute phase of Chagas disease may present with heart failure, enlarged esophagus, and __________

    <p>colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The key symptom of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals is more serious compared to immunocompetent individuals and may lead to __________ disease

    <p>congenital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The treatment that works best in the acute phase of Chagas disease is __________ or benznidazole

    <p>Nifurtimox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems- Mira was advised to rest, take ibuprofen, and avoid strenuous activities due to a potential enlarged spleen from ______

    <p>infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    • Aspirin was contraindicated due to the risk of severe ______

    <p>reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mira was cleared to resume soccer after a follow-up visit showed her spleen was not ______

    <p>enlarged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pulmonary circuit carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs and ______, while the systemic circuit delivers oxygen-rich blood to the body

    <p>back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inflammation can occur in the ______, pericardium, and myocardium

    <p>endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphadenopathy, lymphadenitis, and ______ are conditions related to the lymphatic system

    <p>lymphangitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis, with symptoms including fever, sore throat, and ______

    <p>fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EBV is also associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, a cancer of B ______

    <p>lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpes virus causing asymptomatic infections, reactivation in immunocompromised individuals, and ______ transmission

    <p>vertical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Other systemic viral diseases include dengue virus, Ebola virus, and ______ virus, each with distinct symptoms and transmission methods

    <p>Chikungunya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systemic Bacterial Infections and Their Characteristics- Sepsis is an immune response due to bacteria in the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and septic ______.

    <p>shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A case study of a patient with Yersinia pestis infection (plague) illustrates the transmission and symptoms of the disease, including bubonic, septicemic, and ______ forms.

    <p>pneumonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virulence factors of Yersinia pestis include lipoproteins, F1 protein capsule, biofilm formation, and a type III ______ system.

    <p>secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by ticks and has stages with distinct symptoms, such as a bull's eye rash in the early ______.

    <p>stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, lives inside macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract, and can be transmitted through the ______ route.

    <p>fecal-oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rocky Mountain spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by ticks and lice, and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ______.

    <p>ankles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pneumonic plague is easily transmitted from person to person, in contrast to bubonic plague, which is not ______.

    <p>transmissible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks, presents with a bull's-eye rash and is treated with antibiotics like ______.

    <p>doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lyme disease has distinct stages with varied symptoms, including neurological and cardiac involvement in the second ______.

    <p>stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route and presents with rose ______.

    <p>spots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rocky Mountain spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by ticks and lice and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ______.

    <p>ankles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacterial infections of the heart have different manifestations, and endocarditis can be compared and contrasted based on different ______.

    <p>types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elizabeth, 58, with mitral valve prolapse, on immunosuppressive therapy, developed ______ endocarditis after a dental procedure, caused by Streptococcus mutans

    <p>subacute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacterial ______ can be subacute (gradual, with fatigue, fever, weight loss) or acute (sudden, potentially fatal within days)

    <p>endocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pathogenesis of infective endocarditis involves ______ gaining access to the bloodstream, adhering to cardiac valve surfaces, creating infected vegetation, and potential complications like stroke or abscesses

    <p>pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Images show normal and infected ______ valves, illustrating the impact of bacterial endocarditis

    <p>heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The complex life cycle of ______ involves sporozoites, merozoites, and gametocytes, with symptoms including chills, fever, and sweating

    <p>Plasmodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasmodium's immune evasion and treatment with ______ are key aspects of malaria management

    <p>chloroquine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Babesiosis, caused by ______ microti and transmitted by ticks, leads to mild flu-like illness in immunocompetent patients and prolonged illness in immunosuppressed individuals

    <p>Babesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chagas disease, caused by ______ cruzi and transmitted by the Reduviid bug, presents with acute symptoms such as enlarged spleen and liver, and chronic symptoms 10-20 years after infection

    <p>Trypanosoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Reduviid bug releases the ______ in its feces, entering the host through nearby bug bites

    <p>parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text aims to construct lists of systemic ______ infections, relate disease stages to the infecting agent's growth cycle, list affected organ systems, and devise infection prevention plans

    <p>parasitic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The content provides detailed insights into the pathogenesis, symptoms, and treatment of ______ endocarditis, malaria, babesiosis, and Chagas disease, highlighting the impact of these infections on human health

    <p>bacterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bacterial Infections and Systemic Parasitic Infections: Understanding the Links and Implications

    • Elizabeth, 58, with mitral valve prolapse, on immunosuppressive therapy, developed bacterial endocarditis after a dental procedure, caused by Streptococcus mutans.
    • Bacterial endocarditis can be subacute (gradual, with fatigue, fever, weight loss) or acute (sudden, potentially fatal within days).
    • Pathogenesis of infective endocarditis involves pathogens gaining access to the bloodstream, adhering to cardiac valve surfaces, creating infected vegetation, and potential complications like stroke or abscesses.
    • Images show normal and infected heart valves, illustrating the impact of bacterial endocarditis.
    • Malaria affects 219 million people worldwide, causing 435,000 deaths, mostly in children, and is transmitted by four species of Plasmodium.
    • The complex life cycle of Plasmodium involves sporozoites, merozoites, and gametocytes, with symptoms including chills, fever, and sweating.
    • Plasmodium's immune evasion and treatment with chloroquine are key aspects of malaria management.
    • Babesiosis, caused by Babesia microti and transmitted by ticks, leads to mild flu-like illness in immunocompetent patients and prolonged illness in immunosuppressed individuals.
    • Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by the Reduviid bug, presents with acute symptoms such as enlarged spleen and liver, and chronic symptoms 10-20 years after infection.
    • The Reduviid bug releases the parasite in its feces, entering the host through nearby bug bites.
    • The text aims to construct lists of systemic parasitic infections, relate disease stages to the infecting agent's growth cycle, list affected organ systems, and devise infection prevention plans.
    • The content provides detailed insights into the pathogenesis, symptoms, and treatment of bacterial endocarditis, malaria, babesiosis, and Chagas disease, highlighting the impact of these infections on human health.

    Systemic Bacterial Infections and Their Characteristics

    • Sepsis is an immune response due to bacteria in the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and septic shock.
    • A case study of a patient with Yersinia pestis infection (plague) illustrates the transmission and symptoms of the disease, including bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic forms.
    • Virulence factors of Yersinia pestis include lipoproteins, F1 protein capsule, biofilm formation, and a type III secretion system.
    • Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by ticks and has stages with distinct symptoms, such as a bull's eye rash in the early stage.
    • Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, lives inside macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract, and can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route.
    • Rocky Mountain spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by ticks and lice, and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ankles.
    • Pneumonic plague is easily transmitted from person to person, in contrast to bubonic plague, which is not transmissible.
    • Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks, presents with a bull's-eye rash and is treated with antibiotics like doxycycline.
    • Lyme disease has distinct stages with varied symptoms, including neurological and cardiac involvement in the second stage.
    • Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route and presents with rose spots.
    • Rocky Mountain spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by ticks and lice and presents with a rash starting on the wrists and ankles.
    • Bacterial infections of the heart have different manifestations, and endocarditis can be compared and contrasted based on different types.

    Bacterial Infections and Systemic Parasitic Infections: Understanding the Links and Implications

    • Elizabeth, 58, with mitral valve prolapse, on immunosuppressive therapy, developed bacterial endocarditis after a dental procedure, caused by Streptococcus mutans.
    • Bacterial endocarditis can be subacute (gradual, with fatigue, fever, weight loss) or acute (sudden, potentially fatal within days).
    • Pathogenesis of infective endocarditis involves pathogens gaining access to the bloodstream, adhering to cardiac valve surfaces, creating infected vegetation, and potential complications like stroke or abscesses.
    • Images show normal and infected heart valves, illustrating the impact of bacterial endocarditis.
    • Malaria affects 219 million people worldwide, causing 435,000 deaths, mostly in children, and is transmitted by four species of Plasmodium.
    • The complex life cycle of Plasmodium involves sporozoites, merozoites, and gametocytes, with symptoms including chills, fever, and sweating.
    • Plasmodium's immune evasion and treatment with chloroquine are key aspects of malaria management.
    • Babesiosis, caused by Babesia microti and transmitted by ticks, leads to mild flu-like illness in immunocompetent patients and prolonged illness in immunosuppressed individuals.
    • Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by the Reduviid bug, presents with acute symptoms such as enlarged spleen and liver, and chronic symptoms 10-20 years after infection.
    • The Reduviid bug releases the parasite in its feces, entering the host through nearby bug bites.
    • The text aims to construct lists of systemic parasitic infections, relate disease stages to the infecting agent's growth cycle, list affected organ systems, and devise infection prevention plans.
    • The content provides detailed insights into the pathogenesis, symptoms, and treatment of bacterial endocarditis, malaria, babesiosis, and Chagas disease, highlighting the impact of these infections on human health.

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    Lecture 20: Systemic Infections PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of bacterial infections and systemic parasitic infections with this quiz. Explore the pathogenesis, symptoms, and treatment of bacterial endocarditis, malaria, babesiosis, Chagas disease, sepsis, plague, Lyme disease, typhoid fever, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Understand the impact of these infections on human health and learn about their characteristics and transmission.

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