Pathology of the Kidneys
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a viral cause of infectious diseases of the kidneys?

  • Canine herpesvirus 1 (correct)
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Escherichia coli
  • Actinobacillus equuli

What is the pathogenesis of infectious diseases of the kidneys?

  • Descending through the bloodstream
  • Descending through the urinary system
  • Ascending through the bloodstream
  • Ascending from the urinary bladder or ureter (correct)

Which option is not a bacteria that can cause infectious diseases of the kidneys in cattle?

  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Actinobacillus equuli
  • Corynebacterium renale
  • Salmonella spp (correct)

Which parasite can cause infectious diseases of the kidneys in dogs?

<p>Toxocara canis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nephritis is characterized by lympho-histiocytic inflammation in the kidneys?

<p>Non-suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus can cause haemorrhagic and necrotising nephritis in dogs?

<p>Canine herpesvirus 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distribution of lesions in chronic interstitial nephritis?

<p>Diffuse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a bacterial cause of infectious diseases of the kidneys?

<p>Escherichia coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the histological characteristic of acute interstitial nephritis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a parasite that can cause infectious diseases of the kidneys in horses?

<p>Halicephalobus gingivalis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nephritis is characterized by interstitial fibrosis, loss of tubules, and loss of glomeruli?

<p>Chronic interstitial nephritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nephritis is characterized by showers of septic emboli and the formation of abscesses in small capillaries?

<p>Suppurative embolic nephritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nephritis is more frequently ascending and begins with infection in the lower urinary tract?

<p>Pyelonephritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nephritis is characterized by irregular, radially oriented, red or grey streaks involving the medulla?

<p>Pyelonephritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nephritis is characterized by necrotic transitional epithelium, neutrophils, and bacterial colonies in the medullary tubules?

<p>Pyelonephritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of urinary tract infection is characterized by inflammation, thickening, and coating of the pelvic mucosa?

<p>Ascending nephritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of urinary tract infection is characterized by ulceration and necrosis of the papillae?

<p>Ascending nephritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of urinary tract infection is characterized by haemorrhagic, catarrhal, fibrinopurulent, necrotizing, or ulcerative changes?

<p>Lower Urinary Tract infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of urinary tract infection is characterized by proliferating lymphocytes forming a lymphoid follicle?

<p>Lower Urinary Tract infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main pathogenetic mechanisms of infectious diseases of the kidneys?

<p>Haematogenous (descending) and Urinary (ascending)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three viral causes of infectious diseases of the kidneys.

<p>Canine herpesvirus 1, Canine Adenovirus 1, Ovine Herpesvirus 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name four bacterial causes of infectious diseases of the kidneys.

<p>Leptospira interrogans, Actinobacillus equuli, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium renale</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three parasitic causes of infectious diseases of the kidneys.

<p>Toxocara canis, Halicephalobus gingivalis, Encephalitozoon cuniculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the nephritis caused by canine herpes virus 1?

<p>Haemorrhagic and necrotising nephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the nephritis characterized by tubular nephritis in the calf due to E.coli?

<p>White spotted kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of non-suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis?

<p>Lympho-histiocytic inflammation and Suppurative interstitial nephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of suppurative interstitial nephritis?

<p>Embolic nephritis (Haematogenous) following septicaemia or pyaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of pyelonephritis?

<p>Inflammation in both the pelvis and renal parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three aetiologies of non-suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis.

<p>Leptospira interrogans, Escherichia coli, Maedi-Visna virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the histological characteristics of chronic interstitial nephritis?

<p>Mononuclear cell infiltration (lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes), interstitial fibrosis, and generalized tubular atrophy and loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the histological characteristics of non-suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis?

<p>Interstitial fibrosis, loss of tubules, loss of glomeruli, and oxidations of the glomeruli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the aetiologies of suppurative embolic nephritis?

<p>Actinobacillus equuli, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Trueperella pyogenes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the aetiologies of pyelonephritis?

<p>Escherichia coli, staphylococci, streptococci, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium renale, Actinobaculum suis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis?

<p>More frequently ascending due to vesicoureteral reflux, and begins with establishment of infection in the lower urinary tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the gross pathology characteristics of acute cystitis?

<p>Haemorrhagic, catarrhal, fibrinopurulent, necrotizing, ulcerative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the gross pathology characteristics of chronic cystitis associated with chronic bacterial infection and/or urolithiasis?

<p>Diffuse, follicular, polypoid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the gross pathology characteristics of chronic cystitis associated with glycosuria?

<p>Emphysematous, typical of diabetic animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the histopathological characteristics of acute ulcerative cystitis in dogs?

<p>Ulceration of the epithelium, inflammatory infiltrate, and hyperaemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the histopathological characteristics of chronic polypoid cystitis in dogs?

<p>The polyp (villus-like projection) is covered by epithelium over a core of proliferated connective tissue densely infiltrated by inflammatory cells, haemorrhage, and hemosiderin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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