39 Questions
Which of the following is a viral cause of infectious diseases of the kidneys?
Canine herpesvirus 1
What is the pathogenesis of infectious diseases of the kidneys?
Ascending from the urinary bladder or ureter
Which option is not a bacteria that can cause infectious diseases of the kidneys in cattle?
Salmonella spp
Which parasite can cause infectious diseases of the kidneys in dogs?
Toxocara canis
What type of nephritis is characterized by lympho-histiocytic inflammation in the kidneys?
Non-suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis
Which virus can cause haemorrhagic and necrotising nephritis in dogs?
Canine herpesvirus 1
What is the distribution of lesions in chronic interstitial nephritis?
Diffuse
Which of the following is a bacterial cause of infectious diseases of the kidneys?
Escherichia coli
What is the histological characteristic of acute interstitial nephritis?
All of the above
Which of the following is a parasite that can cause infectious diseases of the kidneys in horses?
Halicephalobus gingivalis
Which type of nephritis is characterized by interstitial fibrosis, loss of tubules, and loss of glomeruli?
Chronic interstitial nephritis
Which type of nephritis is characterized by showers of septic emboli and the formation of abscesses in small capillaries?
Suppurative embolic nephritis
Which type of nephritis is more frequently ascending and begins with infection in the lower urinary tract?
Pyelonephritis
Which type of nephritis is characterized by irregular, radially oriented, red or grey streaks involving the medulla?
Pyelonephritis
Which type of nephritis is characterized by necrotic transitional epithelium, neutrophils, and bacterial colonies in the medullary tubules?
Pyelonephritis
Which type of urinary tract infection is characterized by inflammation, thickening, and coating of the pelvic mucosa?
Ascending nephritis
Which type of urinary tract infection is characterized by ulceration and necrosis of the papillae?
Ascending nephritis
Which type of urinary tract infection is characterized by haemorrhagic, catarrhal, fibrinopurulent, necrotizing, or ulcerative changes?
Lower Urinary Tract infections
Which type of urinary tract infection is characterized by proliferating lymphocytes forming a lymphoid follicle?
Lower Urinary Tract infections
What are the two main pathogenetic mechanisms of infectious diseases of the kidneys?
Haematogenous (descending) and Urinary (ascending)
Name three viral causes of infectious diseases of the kidneys.
Canine herpesvirus 1, Canine Adenovirus 1, Ovine Herpesvirus 2
Name four bacterial causes of infectious diseases of the kidneys.
Leptospira interrogans, Actinobacillus equuli, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium renale
Name three parasitic causes of infectious diseases of the kidneys.
Toxocara canis, Halicephalobus gingivalis, Encephalitozoon cuniculi
What is the name of the nephritis caused by canine herpes virus 1?
Haemorrhagic and necrotising nephritis
What is the name of the nephritis characterized by tubular nephritis in the calf due to E.coli?
White spotted kidney
What are the two types of non-suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis?
Lympho-histiocytic inflammation and Suppurative interstitial nephritis
What is the cause of suppurative interstitial nephritis?
Embolic nephritis (Haematogenous) following septicaemia or pyaemia
What is the cause of pyelonephritis?
Inflammation in both the pelvis and renal parenchyma
Name three aetiologies of non-suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis.
Leptospira interrogans, Escherichia coli, Maedi-Visna virus
What are the histological characteristics of chronic interstitial nephritis?
Mononuclear cell infiltration (lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes), interstitial fibrosis, and generalized tubular atrophy and loss.
What are the histological characteristics of non-suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis?
Interstitial fibrosis, loss of tubules, loss of glomeruli, and oxidations of the glomeruli.
What are the aetiologies of suppurative embolic nephritis?
Actinobacillus equuli, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Trueperella pyogenes.
What are the aetiologies of pyelonephritis?
Escherichia coli, staphylococci, streptococci, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium renale, Actinobaculum suis.
What is the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis?
More frequently ascending due to vesicoureteral reflux, and begins with establishment of infection in the lower urinary tract.
What are the gross pathology characteristics of acute cystitis?
Haemorrhagic, catarrhal, fibrinopurulent, necrotizing, ulcerative.
What are the gross pathology characteristics of chronic cystitis associated with chronic bacterial infection and/or urolithiasis?
Diffuse, follicular, polypoid.
What are the gross pathology characteristics of chronic cystitis associated with glycosuria?
Emphysematous, typical of diabetic animals.
What are the histopathological characteristics of acute ulcerative cystitis in dogs?
Ulceration of the epithelium, inflammatory infiltrate, and hyperaemia.
What are the histopathological characteristics of chronic polypoid cystitis in dogs?
The polyp (villus-like projection) is covered by epithelium over a core of proliferated connective tissue densely infiltrated by inflammatory cells, haemorrhage, and hemosiderin.
Test your knowledge on infectious diseases of the kidneys! This quiz covers the pathogenesis and etiology of these diseases, including the viral and bacterial causes. Challenge yourself with questions on canine herpesvirus, leptospira interrogans, Escherichia coli, and more!
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