Infectious Diseases and Viruses Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the most common symptoms of acute 2019-nCoV infections?

  • Nausea
  • Shortness of breath (correct)
  • Loss of taste
  • Rash

What serious symptoms indicate a need for urgent medical attention in COVID-19 patients?

  • Dry cough
  • Fatigue
  • Chest pain or pressure (correct)
  • Muscle aches

What is a characteristic of Norovirus?

  • Is treatable with antibiotics
  • Is resistant to acidic environments (correct)
  • Can be vaccinated against
  • Causes chronic infections

Which of the following is true regarding the Ortho Myxovirus family?

<p>The family is responsible for annual flu epidemics due to mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common methods used for diagnosing COVID-19?

<p>PCR and antigen tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about Echoviruses?

<p>Echovirus 11 causes viral meningitis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about coronaviruses is correct?

<p>Coronaviruses include four subfamilies, one of which is gamma. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main symptoms of SARS?

<p>Severe pneumonia with high fever and diarrhea. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Covid-19 from other coronaviruses?

<p>It is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a preventive measure for common colds?

<p>Handwashing and disinfection of contaminated objects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Picornavirus?

<p>Naked icosahedral capsid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of poliovirus infections are asymptomatic?

<p>90% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of poliovirus vaccine is associated with a risk of vaccine-related disease?

<p>Live (Sabin) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary condition caused by Coxsackie A virus?

<p>Herpangina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the inactivated (Salk) vaccine is true?

<p>Safe for immunocompromised individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is characteristic of paralytic polio?

<p>Asymmetric flaccid paralysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is associated with Coxsackie A16?

<p>Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of immunity does the live (Sabin) vaccine provide?

<p>Life-long immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the acute phase following viral exposure?

<p>Fever and mononucleosis-like syndrome occur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase do opportunistic infections such as candidiasis and pneumonia commonly occur?

<p>Acute phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the chronic phase of the viral infection?

<p>Symptoms are minimal with some lymph node enlargement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is indicative of the early stage of the final phase?

<p>400-500 CD4 lymphocytes per microliter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the reasons for the complexity of antiretroviral treatment?

<p>The occurrence of several viral species coexisting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with a CD4 lymphocyte count between 50 and 200 per microliter?

<p>Candidiasis in the esophagus (B), Kaposi Sarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option included in highly active antiretroviral therapy?

<p>Zidovudine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of HIV vaccines that has hindered their development?

<p>Mutation of the virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hepatitis virus is associated with chronic infection?

<p>Both B and C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is responsible for pneumonia in individuals with a CD4 count below 200 lymphocytes per microliter?

<p>Pneumocystis jiroveci (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the viral structure of Hepatitis B?

<p>DNA enveloped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical syndrome caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in infants?

<p>Bronchiolitis (A), Pneumonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to a retinitis condition in patients with an advanced HIV infection?

<p>CMV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary transmission method of the Rabies virus?

<p>Direct contact with infected animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is part of prevention for HIV?

<p>Safe sexual practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period for Rabies before symptoms develop?

<p>60-365 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom observed in the neurologic phase of Rabies?

<p>Hydrophobia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is known for causing hemorrhagic fever among the filoviruses?

<p>Marburg virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key preventive measure for Rabies in humans who are in close contact with animals?

<p>Postexposure prophylaxis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is commonly associated with the initial spread of the Ebola virus?

<p>Bats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise due to vaccination for Filoviruses?

<p>Enhanced severity of subsequent Ebola infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Coronavirus

A type of virus responsible for various illnesses, including the common cold, SARS, and MERS.

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

A respiratory illness often caused by a coronavirus, characterized by fever, coughing, difficulty breathing, and potential diarrhea.

MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)

A respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus primarily found in the Middle East, often presenting with fever, coughing, difficulty breathing, and digestive symptoms.

COVID-19

A respiratory illness caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, with varying symptom severity, from mild to severe, including fever, cough, fatigue, and potential respiratory distress.

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SARS-CoV-2

A virus responsible for COVID-19, known for its ability to spread rapidly and cause a range of symptoms.

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Picornavirus

A virus that causes a range of infections, including polio, herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and pleurodynia.

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Poliovirus

A type of picornavirus that causes polio, a disease affecting the nervous system leading to paralysis in some cases. It's almost entirely eradicated thanks to vaccination.

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Coxsackievirus A16

A type of picornavirus that causes a painful, localized illness characterized by blisters in the mouth, hands, and feet.

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Coxsackievirus B

A type of picornavirus that causes a severe chest pain, known as 'devil's grip'.

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Live (Sabin) polio vaccine

A vaccine against polio that uses a weakened, live virus. It provides lifelong immunity and herd protection.

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Inactivated (Salk) polio vaccine

A vaccine against polio that uses an inactivated virus. It's safe for immunocompromised individuals.

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Abortive poliomyelitis

A mild form of polio without paralysis. It involves fever, headache, and other flu-like symptoms.

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Paralytic polio

A severe form of polio that causes muscle weakness and paralysis due to damage to the nerves.

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Acute phase of HIV infection

This phase occurs 2-6 weeks after exposure to HIV and is characterized by flu-like symptoms like fever, swollen lymph nodes, and potentially oral ulcers or diarrhea.

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Chronic phase of HIV infection

This phase can last for several years and is marked by minimal symptoms, with the virus primarily replicating in lymphoid organs, not peripheral blood cells.

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Final phase of HIV infection

This is the final stage of HIV infection, caused by severe immune system suppression. It can take 2 to 10 years to develop and is marked by various opportunistic infections.

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Immunosuppression in HIV infection

The process of HIV replicating and causing damage to the immune system, resulting in a decline of CD4+ T cells.

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Opportunistic infections in HIV

A range of infections and conditions that can occur in people with weakened immune systems, often due to HIV infection.

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Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

The process by which a pathogen, like SARS-CoV-2, enters the body, multiplies, and causes illness. In the case of COVID-19, it involves the virus attaching to and infiltrating cells in the respiratory system.

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Orthomyxovirus

A virus with a segmented RNA genome, responsible for causing the flu. There are three types: Influenza A, B, and C, with A and B being the most common causes of human infections.

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Norovirus

A type of virus with a positive RNA genome, known for its resistance to harsh environments and its ability to cause gastrointestinal illnesses. It's commonly associated with foodborne outbreaks.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A viral infection that primarily impacts the respiratory system, particularly in infants, leading to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. It can cause fever, cough, difficulty breathing, and even cyanosis.

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Rhabdoviruses

A family of viruses that include the rabies virus, known for causing classic zoonotic infections spread from animals to humans. The rabies virus is particularly significant, leading to neurological complications and death.

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Ebola Virus Disease

A type of hemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus. The virus is endemic in certain African regions like the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan, and is often linked to bats and monkeys.

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Filoviruses

A type of filamentous, enveloped virus with a single-stranded RNA genome. This family includes the Ebola and Marburg viruses, both causing hemorrhagic fevers.

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Prodrome Phase (Rabies)

A phase in rabies infection characterized by early symptoms like fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, and lethargy. It precedes the more severe neurologic phase.

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Neurologic Phase (Rabies)

A phase in rabies infection characterized by neurological symptoms like hydrophobia, hyperactivity, anxiety, and depression. This stage follows the prodrome phase and quickly progresses.

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Coma Phase (Rabies)

A phase in rabies infection characterized by coma, hypotension, hypoventilation, secondary infections, and ultimately leading to cardiac arrest and death. It follows the neurologic phase.

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Postexposure Prophylaxis (Rabies)

A form of treatment for rabies infection, administered after exposure to the virus. This involves the use of antirabies serum and a series of five vaccinations within a month.

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Pneumonia by Pneumocystis jiroveci

A serious opportunistic infection that can occur in people with late-stage HIV/AIDS. It is characterized by inflammation of the lungs, causing shortness of breath, fever, and coughing.

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Encephalitis by Toxoplasma gondii

An opportunistic infection that can occur in people with late-stage HIV/AIDS. It affects the brain, causing headaches, confusion, seizures, and altered mental status.

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Tuberculosis

A serious opportunistic infection that can occur in people with late-stage HIV/AIDS. It is caused by a bacterium and can affect various organs, including the lungs, brain, and spine.

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Candidiasis in the esophagus

An opportunistic infection that can occur in people with late-stage HIV/AIDS. It affects the esophagus, causing pain when swallowing, sores, and difficulty swallowing.

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Kaposi's Sarcoma

A type of cancer that can occur in people with late-stage HIV/AIDS. It is characterized by reddish-purple lesions on the skin, in the mouth, or in the lining of internal organs.

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Lymphomas Non-Hodgkin

A type of cancer that can occur in people with late-stage HIV/AIDS. It involves the lymph nodes, often causing swelling and pain.

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Retinitis by CMV

An opportunistic infection that can occur in people with advanced HIV/AIDS. It affects the eyes, causing inflammation, blurred vision, and potential blindness.

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Disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum infection

An opportunistic infection that can occur in people with advanced HIV/AIDS. It can affect various parts of the body, including the lungs, brain, and skin.

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Study Notes

Clinical Virology

  • Chapter 13 of Clinical Virology course by Dra Verónica Veses Jiménez.
  • Covers various DNA and RNA viruses, including their characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical syndromes, treatment, and prevention.

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Description

Test your knowledge on infectious diseases, including COVID-19, noroviruses, and polio. This quiz covers symptoms, diagnostic methods, and key characteristics of various viruses. Challenge yourself with questions about vaccines and preventive measures related to these diseases.

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