Infectious Diseases and Organ Donation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a clinical manifestation indicative of the most common complication of mumps?

Pain

A red swollen testicle

Nuchal rigidity (correct)

Deafness

Which complication of mumps is reported less frequently than others?

Aseptic meningitis

Orchitis

Parotitis

Deafness (correct)

What is the primary mode of transmission for mumps?

Contact with contaminated food

Direct contact or droplet spread from an infected person (correct)

Via airborne particles only

Through contaminated water

What should be the primary focus of the home care instructions for a child with chickenpox?

Isolate the child until vesicles have dried and crusted Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the varicella-zoster vaccine is true?

The first dose is given at 12 to 15 months of age. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time frame for isolation of a child with chickenpox?

From 1 to 2 days before the rash to 6 days after vesicles crust Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common sign of aseptic meningitis, which is a complication of mumps?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of orchitis in mumps?

Red swollen testicle Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom indicative of nephrotoxicity in a patient receiving penicillin G potassium?

Acute glomerulonephritis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes live or attenuated vaccines?

Their virulence is diminished to prevent serious illness. Signup and view all the answers

How is scarlet fever primarily transmitted?

Droplet spread or contact with contaminated articles Signup and view all the answers

Which option illustrates a misunderstanding of live or attenuated vaccines?

They can lead to a full-blown clinical illness. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common misconception regarding the symptoms of an allergic reaction to medication?

Allergic reactions always present with skin rashes. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of vaccination, what should nursing students be cautious about for immunocompromised individuals?

Consulting with a healthcare provider is essential before vaccination. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about toxoids?

They are composed of live attenuated pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly confused with symptoms of an allergic reaction?

Scarlet fever caused by streptococci Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is a contraindication to organ donation?

Hepatitis B infection Signup and view all the answers

What home care instruction should be provided to parents of a child exposed to HIV?

Avoid sharing toothbrushes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for organ donation?

Penicillin allergy Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method to clean up blood spills involving exposure to HIV?

Wipe up spills with paper towels, then disinfect with bleach and water Signup and view all the answers

Why might age alone not be a definitive contraindication for organ donation?

Organs can be evaluated on a case-by-case basis Signup and view all the answers

What action should be avoided when waiting for HIV test results for a child?

Giving the child routine immunizations Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding organ donation eligibility?

Infectious diseases may disqualify organ donors Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical nursing consideration when caring for a potential organ donor?

Review contraindications for organ donation Signup and view all the answers

What are Koplik's spots typically characterized by?

Small, blue-white spots with a red base Signup and view all the answers

Why should nurses take a careful history of a child's egg allergy before administering the MMR vaccine?

The live measles vaccine is produced using chicken embryo cell culture. Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is prioritized when a child with an egg allergy is due for an MMR vaccine?

Taking a detailed allergy history before proceeding Signup and view all the answers

What is a common transmission method for rubeola (measles)?

Airborne particles and infectious droplets Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for the MMR vaccine?

Previous cold or flu symptoms Signup and view all the answers

How long do Koplik's spots typically last?

3 days Signup and view all the answers

In what scenarios should the nurse prioritize reporting an egg allergy to the healthcare provider?

Before giving the MMR vaccine specifically Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options can a nurse eliminate first when assessing a child’s readiness for MMR vaccination?

Eliminating the vaccine from the schedule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instructions should a nurse provide to a client diagnosed with influenza?

Take acetaminophen for myalgia. Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended practice to prevent the spread of influenza?

Covering your nose and mouth when sneezing into your sleeve. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding influenza vaccination is true?

Immunization is administered before the flu season starts. Signup and view all the answers

What should a client diagnosed with influenza do if they feel sick?

Stay at home until feeling better. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is considered unnecessary for a client with influenza?

Using a separate bathroom for self-isolation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for influenza?

Droplet infection from coughing and sneezing. Signup and view all the answers

If a client with influenza exhibits worsening symptoms, what is the best immediate action?

Advise them to seek medical attention if needed. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario necessitates the highest urgency for protective measures in a medical setting?

A travel blogger recently exposed to tuberculosis. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mumps and Complications

Mumps can lead to aseptic meningitis, the most common complication.
Clinical signs of meningitis include nuchal rigidity, lethargy, and vomiting.
Other symptoms: muscular pain, parotid pain, or testicular pain.
Mumps transmission occurs through direct contact or droplet spread.

Chickenpox Prevention

Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus.
Isolation is necessary until skin vesicles have dried and crusted.
Communicable period lasts from 1-2 days before rash onset to 6 days after vesicles crust.
Direct contact with vesicles or respiratory secretions spreads the virus.

Organ Donation Contraindications

Individuals with hepatitis B infection cannot donate organs.
Allergies to medication, such as penicillin, are not contraindications for donation.
Foreign travel history alone does not prohibit organ donation.
Age may affect donation eligibility depending on the organ.

HIV Exposure in Children

Parents should avoid sharing toothbrushes to minimize HIV transmission risk.
Immunizations should remain current during the diagnostic process for HIV.
Spills of blood should be cleaned using soap, water, and then rinsed with a bleach solution.

Scarlet Fever and Allergic Reactions

Scarlet fever is linked to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.
Signs indicating acute glomerulonephritis must not be overlooked.
Penicillin allergy symptoms differ from those of nephrotoxicity.

Live or Attenuated Vaccines

These vaccines have diminished potency to prevent full-blown illness.
The body produces antibodies in response to vaccination.
Individuals with immunocompromised status should consult healthcare providers before vaccination.

Measles and Vaccine Considerations

Measles vaccine is cultured from chick embryo; egg allergy history should be reported.
Possible severe allergic reactions require careful history taking.
Contraindications include severe allergic reactions to vaccine components, pregnancy, or immunodeficiency.

Influenza Home Care Instructions

Clients should practice frequent hand washing to reduce transmission.
Isolation in a room from others is unnecessary; droplet precautions are vital.
Coughing or sneezing into the upper sleeve prevents spreading infection.
Acetaminophen can be used for symptom relief, but influenza vaccine is proactive not reactive.

Triage in Emergency Departments

Rapid action needed for clients with communicable diseases.
Assessment prioritizes clients who pose the greatest infection risk to others.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various infectious diseases such as mumps and chickenpox, along with their complications and prevention strategies. Explore important considerations regarding organ donation and eligibility criteria influenced by different health conditions. This quiz is essential for understanding public health and medical practices.