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Infectious Diseases and Eye Infections Quiz

Test your knowledge of infectious diseases and eye infections with this overview quiz. From smallpox eradication to bacterial and fungal skin diseases, anatomy of the eye, and specific eye infections like Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus and Inclusion Conjunctivitis, this quiz covers a range of topics including case studies on Necrotizing Fasciitis and Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome.

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the skin is composed of five sublayers of epithelial cells?

Epidermis

What type of skin rash is characterized by small blisters?

Vesicular

Which viral disease is caused by Varicella-Zoster virus and can re-emerge later causing shingles?

Chickenpox

What is the term for epithelial linings serving as a protective barrier, found in the GI and urogenital tract?

<p>Mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the presumptive identity of the bacteria based on the given information?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of St. Anthony's fire as mentioned in the text?

<p>Virus that causes shingles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) mentioned in the text?

<p>IV nafcillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the additional information provided about the exfolitatin exotoxin mentioned in the text?

<p>Causes red skin appearance, acts as a protease and superantigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?

<p>Varicella-Zoster virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Inclusion Conjunctivitis?

<p>Chlamydia trachomatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical use of vaccination related to?

<p>Smallpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is caused by species of Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida?

<p>Fungal keratitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes Necrotizing Fasciitis in the given case study?

<p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes Chickenpox and Shingles?

<p>Varicella-Zoster virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Bacterial diseases of the skin mentioned in the text?

<p>Staphylococcus spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Fungal diseases of the skin mentioned in the text?

<p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eye is affected by Inclusion Conjunctivitis?

<p>External parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age group affected by Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in the given case study?

<p>Infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Fungal Keratitis mentioned in the text?

<p>Eye injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the positive subculture of the nasal swab on blood agar and mannitol salt agar plate?

<p>Confirmation of Staphylococcus aureus infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of coagulase in the context of the infection described in the case study?

<p>Promoting blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) as mentioned in the text?

<p>Exfolitatin exotoxin produced by S. aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?

<p>Varicella-Zoster virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of coagulase in the context of the infection described in the case study?

<p>It causes clotting of blood plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of St. Anthony's fire as mentioned in the text?

<p>The same virus that causes chickenpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skin rash is characterized by small blisters?

<p>Vesicular</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age group affected by Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) in the given case study?

<p>Children under 5 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical use of vaccination related to?

<p>Preventing infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) mentioned in the text?

<p>IV nafcillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Fungal diseases of the skin mentioned in the text?

<p>Species of Fusarium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Bacterial diseases of the skin mentioned in the text?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes Smallpox?

<p>Variola virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)?

<p>S. aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is caused by the reactivation of Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)?

<p>Shingles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission for Smallpox?

<p>Inhalation of infected particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme contributes to disease in Staphylococcal skin infections?

<p>Coagulase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of Necrotizing Fasciitis in the given case study?

<p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes Chickenpox?

<p>Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)?

<p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to Streptococcus pyogenes virulence?

<p>Capsule formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission for Chickenpox?

<p>Inhalation of infected particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial species causes Staphylococcal skin infections?

<p>S. aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission for Staphylococcal skin infections?

<p>Direct contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of skin rashes with their descriptions:

<p>Macular = Flat/red, less than 1cm in diameter Papular = Small, solid, and elevated Pustular = Papule filled with pus Vesicular = Small blisters</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin infection terms with their definitions:

<p>Exanthem = Widespread with systemic symptoms Enanthem = Affecting mucous membranes Maculopapular = Reddened papule Mucous Membranes = Epithelial linings serving as a protective barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viral skin diseases with their causative agents:

<p>Chickenpox = Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) Shingles = Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) Smallpox = Variola virus Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus = Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eye infections with their causative agents:

<p>Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus = Reactivation of herpes zoster virus Inclusion Conjunctivitis = Chlamydia trachomatis Fungal Keratitis = Species of Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida Necrotizing Fasciitis = Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin diseases with their causative agents:

<p>Smallpox = Historical use of vaccination Bacterial diseases of the skin = Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus pyogenes Fungal diseases of the skin = Tinea spp. and Candida albicans Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome = Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin conditions with their causative agents:

<p>Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) = Staphylococcus aureus St. Anthony’s fire = Varicella-Zoster virus Smallpox = Variola virus Shingles = Herpes Zoster virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin conditions with their characteristic symptoms:

<p>Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) = Redness running down legs, crusted blisters, skin sloughs off when wiped St. Anthony’s fire = Tingling sensation from spine to middle of ribcage, severe pain, small blisters forming a line along the skin Smallpox = Fever, rash with small, flat, red spots that become raised Shingles = Tingling sensation from spine to middle of ribcage, severe pain, small blisters forming a line along the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin conditions with their treatments:

<p>Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) = IV nafcillin St. Anthony’s fire = Antiviral and pain relief medications Smallpox = Vaccination Shingles = Antiviral and pain relief medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin conditions with their additional information:

<p>Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) = Exfolitatin Exotoxin: Causes red skin appearance, acts as a protease and superantigen St. Anthony’s fire = Same virus that causes chickenpox Smallpox = Caused by Variola virus Shingles = Reactivation of Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Infectious Diseases and Eye Infections Overview

  • Smallpox eradicated from the population in 1979; historical use of vaccination
  • Bacterial diseases of the skin caused by Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus pyogenes
  • Fungal diseases of the skin caused by Tinea spp. and Candida albicans
  • Anatomy of the eye includes external and internal parts, neuronal tissue, and eye infections
  • Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus caused by reactivation of herpes zoster virus
  • Inclusion Conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; can cause trachoma in adults
  • Fungal Keratitis caused by species of Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida; typically occurs after eye injury
  • Chickenpox and Shingles caused by Varicella-Zoster virus; clinical presentations and treatment outlined
  • Case study of Necrotizing Fasciitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes; diagnosis and treatment details
  • Case study of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in a 3-month-old baby with symptoms and healthcare context

Infectious Skin Diseases: Chickenpox, Smallpox, Staphylococcal Infections, and Necrotizing Fasciitis

  • Chickenpox is caused by Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) and can re-emerge later in life as shingles, occurring more frequently in older individuals due to decreasing cell-mediated immunity.
  • Chickenpox is usually diagnosed clinically but can also be detected through antibody and DNA tests, contracted by inhaling infected particles, and can be life-threatening in immunocompromised patients.
  • Smallpox, caused by the variola virus, has been eradicated from the human population since 1979 and is transmitted through direct or indirect contact and inhalation of aerosolized particles.
  • Smallpox treatment involves diagnosis based on viral cultures and serology, and there is no FDA-approved treatment, with children no longer routinely vaccinated against it.
  • Staphylococcal skin infections are caused by S. epidermidis and S. aureus, with the latter possessing enzymes that contribute to disease and can result in conditions like folliculitis, furuncle, and carbuncles.
  • Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a resistant strain, being treated with vancomycin and no longer confined to hospitals but also occurring as a community-acquired infection.
  • A case study describes a patient with necrotizing fasciitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, leading to septic shock and gangrene, with the incidence of the disease rising due to an increase in the use of NSAIDs.
  • Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors include a capsule to avoid phagocytosis, pilus-like M protein, lipoteichoic acid for adherence, streptolysins to lyse blood cells, and degrading enzymes like DNAses and hyaluronidase.
  • Chickenpox is caused by Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) and can re-emerge later in life as shingles, occurring more frequently in older individuals due to decreasing cell-mediated immunity.
  • Chickenpox is usually diagnosed clinically but can also be detected through antibody and DNA tests, contracted by inhaling infected particles, and can be life-threatening in immunocompromised patients.
  • Smallpox, caused by the variola virus, has been eradicated from the human population since 1979 and is transmitted through direct or indirect contact and inhalation of aerosolized particles.
  • Smallpox treatment involves diagnosis based on viral cultures and serology, and there is no FDA-approved treatment, with children no longer routinely vaccinated against it.

Infectious Diseases and Eye Infections Overview

  • Smallpox eradicated from the population in 1979; historical use of vaccination
  • Bacterial diseases of the skin caused by Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus pyogenes
  • Fungal diseases of the skin caused by Tinea spp. and Candida albicans
  • Anatomy of the eye includes external and internal parts, neuronal tissue, and eye infections
  • Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus caused by reactivation of herpes zoster virus
  • Inclusion Conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; can cause trachoma in adults
  • Fungal Keratitis caused by species of Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida; typically occurs after eye injury
  • Chickenpox and Shingles caused by Varicella-Zoster virus; clinical presentations and treatment outlined
  • Case study of Necrotizing Fasciitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes; diagnosis and treatment details
  • Case study of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in a 3-month-old baby with symptoms and healthcare context

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