Infectious Diseases and Skin Infections Quiz

<p>Group A streptococcus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abscess (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C.perfringens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S.epidermidis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyroderma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Special platinum spatula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Otitis externa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood agar plate (BAP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covert (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eye chamber fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is zoonotic, primarily from animals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Profuse sweating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 - 21 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swabs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safety-pin appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram stain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonhemolytic, fried egg colonies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaerobic transport media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can transmit the bacterium from rodents to humans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Several weeks to months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chickenpox/Shingles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decontaminate the skin or mucous membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High visibility odors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delivery can include aerosols and human vectors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Based on ease of dissemination and public health impact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reference Labs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weather conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yersinia pestis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>National Labs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human illness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthetic biology creation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutaneous anthrax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerosolized droplets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonhemolytic, ground glass colonies on agar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea and vomiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhalation anthrax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fleas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vesicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-5 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhalation anthrax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Infection of the skin, often caused by bacteria like staphylococcus and streptococcus. It can present as a blister-like lesion (impetigo) or a painful, swollen area (erysipelas).

A skin infection that affects the hair follicles. It can range from a mild inflammation (folliculitis) to a deep, painful boil (furuncle) or even multiple boils connected together (carbuncle).

A serious bacterial infection deep within the muscles. It's often caused by Clostridium perfringens and can be life-threatening.

An infection that affects the fascia, a layer of connective tissue that surrounds muscles and organs. It can spread quickly and be very dangerous. It's frequently caused by group A streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus.

The outermost layer of the skin, responsible for protection and acting as a barrier against pathogens.

Located beneath the epidermis, this is the thicker layer of skin that contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and blood vessels.

A collection of pus that forms in the skin or subcutaneous tissue. It's often a result of infection and may require drainage.

Infections involving the soft tissues, usually occurring after an injury, surgery, or burn. Common culprits include staph, strep, and anaerobes.

Bacteria commonly found in the rectum causing bedsores or pressure sores.

Injuries take longer to heal due to impaired blood flow and immune response. Common causes include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci, Enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and anaerobes.

Sporothrix schenckii, Nocardia spp., Actinomyces spp., and Mycobacteria are common causes of nodular lymphangitis, a skin infection characterized by swollen lymph nodes.

Bacterial infections that can cause skin rashes include Borrelia burgdorferi (erythema migrans), Treponema pallidum, Rickettsiae, Leptospira, and Mycobacterium leprae.

Staphylococcus aureus is the main culprit for staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome. Streptococcus pyogenes causes scarlet fever. These are toxin mediated skin diseases.

Proper specimen collection is vital for accurate diagnosis; avoid surface contamination, decontaminate skin or mucous membrane before collection, and prefer tissue and pus aspirates. Keep tissue moist to maintain viability.

Swabs are less desirable than tissue and pus aspirates. If using swabs, place them in transport medium and use anaerobic transport media for suspected anaerobic infections.

Gram staining can detect clinically significant organisms and evaluate specimen quality. Wet mount with KOH and calcofluor white is used for fungal infections. Acid-fast staining is performed for mycobacterial infections.

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids.

Inflammation of the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye. Usually caused by trauma, but various organisms can also be involved.

A serious and rare infection that infects the inner part of the eye, including the vitreous humor.

Infection of a bone or bone marrow. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common culprit.

An infection of the external ear canal, commonly caused by moisture and bacteria. Can be mild or severe, with 'swimmer's ear' as a familiar example.

A severe, invasive form of otitis externa, often affecting patients with diabetes.

The unlawful use or threatened use of microorganisms or toxins to harm people, animals, or plants. It aims to create fear and influence governments or societies.

A type of bioterrorism where the effects are immediate and recognized early on.

A biological agent that can be easily produced and used to cause harm. It is cost-effective and can be used to create panic in a population.

A specific type of bioterrorism agent that can cause death. Often associated with the development of a fever.

Biological agents that can be disseminated (spread) easily and cause significant health problems. They are ranked by their potential for public health impact and social disruption.

A network of laboratories established by the CDC that respond to biological and chemical threats. They test for potential dangers and report findings to authorities.

A type of laboratory in the LRN that specializes in confirmatory testing. They verify the initial findings of a potential threat to confirm its presence.

Biological delivery methods refer to the ways in which a biological agent is released or spread. These methods can vary from direct release to contamination.

The size of biological particles, often in micrometers. Particles within a specific size range are ideal for spreading through air.

Weather conditions play a critical role in the spread of biological agents, affecting how successfully they can be released and dispersed.

A group of laboratories that specialize in the analysis and identification of biological agents. They are crucial for identifying a specific source or origin of a biological threat.

The spread of an infectious disease or agent from one person to another directly or indirectly.

A zoonotic infection caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, commonly spread through contact with infected animals, ticks, or contaminated water.

Transmission of tularemia occurs through contact with infected animals, ticks, or contaminated water. It is NOT spread from person to person.

The incubation period for tularemia is typically 1-21 days, with an average of 3-5 days.

The duration of illness for tularemia can range from weeks to months, depending on the severity and type of infection.

Tularemia can cause a variety of clinical presentations, including pneumonic, glandular, and ulceroglandular forms, each with its own characteristic symptoms.

Though treatable with antibiotics, untreated tularemia can have a mortality rate of 30%, particularly in the pneumonic form.

Brucellosis is a bacterial infection caused by Brucella species, primarily spread through contact with infected animals or their products. It is NOT spread from person to person.

Symptoms of brucellosis typically include fever, sweating, malaise, headache, and muscle/back pain. However, it is important to note that there is NO person-to-person transmission.

A highly contagious bacterial infection causing food poisoning, characterized by abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea, and fever. Spread through contaminated food or water. Requires enhancement in laboratory testing capacity at the CDC.

This category of biological agents poses a potential risk to public health and national security. They are moderately easy to spread and may cause illness, but have a limited impact on the overall population. Enhancing CDC lab capacity is needed to respond effectively.

A serious bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium.

The most common form of anthrax, characterized by a skin lesion developing over days from a papule to a black eschar. It is usually contracted through contact with infected animals or their products.

A rare but severe form of anthrax that occurs when spores are ingested, typically through contaminated meat. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

The most dangerous form of anthrax, caused by inhaling spores of Bacillus anthracis. Initial symptoms mimic a mild viral respiratory illness, followed by respiratory failure.

It is a bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis, a gram-negative coccobacillus. Known for its historical impact in the Black Death pandemic, it can be transmitted by fleas, direct contact with infected animals, or inhalation.

A form of plague characterized by fever, headache, chills, and painful swollen lymph nodes called buboes.

A form of plague that spreads through the bloodstream. Characterized by fever, chills, abdominal pain, and possibly necrotic changes in the skin ('black death')

A highly contagious and fatal form of plague caused by the inhalation of the bacteria. Characterized by fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.