48 Questions
What is the primary component of viruses?
Protein coat
What is the key characteristic of viruses in terms of replication?
Replication only in host cells
What is the host range of each virus?
Limited number of host cells it can infect
What is the most common biological entity on earth?
Bacteriophages
What do bacteriophages infect and set in motion a genetic takeover of?
Bacteria
What is the primary role of phages in molecular biology?
Origins of molecular biology
What is the defining characteristic of viruses in terms of life forms?
Borrowed life between life-forms and chemicals
What is the structure of a virus?
Very small infectious particle consisting of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat
What is the nature of viruses in terms of being cells?
Viruses are not cells
What is the role of viruses in a living host cell?
Replicated only when in a living host cell
What is the incredible specificity of bacteriophages leading to?
Emergence of phage therapy
What is the nature of viruses in terms of genetic material transfer?
Involve transfer of genetic material
What is a characteristic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2?
High number of asymptomatic carriers
What is a characteristic of fungal diseases?
Caused by toxic metabolic products and parasitic properties of fungi
What is a characteristic of algae?
Contain chlorophyll and carry out oxygenic photosynthesis
What is a characteristic of lichens?
A symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae
What is a characteristic of prions?
Infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals
What are the pathogenic properties of fungi?
Toxic metabolic products and parasitic properties
What is a characteristic of viruses?
Can inhibit host DNA/RNA and protein synthesis
What is a characteristic of protozoa?
Unicellular organisms without cell walls
What is a characteristic of COVID-19 vaccines and biotherapeutics?
Show promise in combating COVID-19
What is a characteristic of prions in comparison to conventional viruses?
Devoid of DNA or RNA
What is a characteristic of faster and cheaper tests developed for pandemic control?
Developed for pandemic control through test and trace strategies
What is a characteristic of fungi?
Eukaryotes with chitin cell walls and diverse species
What is the primary component of a virus?
Nucleic acid
What is the nature of viruses in terms of being cells?
They are acellular
What is the defining characteristic of viruses in terms of life forms?
They lead a kind of borrowed life
What is the incredible specificity of bacteriophages leading to?
Emergence of phage therapy
What is the role of viruses in terms of replication?
Replicate only in host cells
What do bacteriophages infect and set in motion a genetic takeover of?
Bacteria
What is a virus's host range?
A limited number of host cells that it can infect
What is the key characteristic of the life cycle of phages?
Involves transfer of genetic material
What is the primary role of phages in molecular biology?
Origins of molecular biology
What is a characteristic of viruses in terms of genetic material transfer?
They can transfer genetic material between life-forms
What is the structure of a virus?
A very small infectious particle consisting of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat
What is a characteristic of viruses in terms of being obligate intracellular parasites?
They can replicate only within a host cell
What is the primary mode of reproduction for fungi?
Budding
What is the primary component of prions?
Protein
What is the primary characteristic of algae?
Contain chlorophyll
What is the primary pathogenic property of fungi?
Toxic metabolic products
What is the primary characteristic of viruses in terms of being cells?
They are not cells
What is the primary characteristic of lichens?
Symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae
What is the primary characteristic of COVID-19 vaccines and biotherapeutics?
They show promise in combating COVID-19
What is the primary characteristic of faster and cheaper tests developed for pandemic control?
They are for pandemic control through test and trace strategies
What is the primary characteristic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2?
Highly problematic due to its large number of asymptomatic carriers
What is the primary characteristic of prions in comparison to conventional viruses?
Devoid of DNA or RNA
What is the primary characteristic of viruses in terms of genetic material transfer?
They transfer genetic material to host cells
What is the primary characteristic of protozoa?
Unicellular organisms without cell walls
Study Notes
Viral Pathogenesis and Pandemics, Fungal and Protist Infections, and Prions
- Viruses can penetrate and grow inside host cells, inhibit host DNA/RNA and protein synthesis, and cause a Cytopathic effect (CPE).
- COVID-19, caused by a Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is highly problematic due to its large number of asymptomatic carriers, effective human-to-human spread, and severe disease in some individuals.
- Vaccines and biotherapeutics show promise in combating COVID-19, with many drugs and monoclonal antibodies in the pipeline.
- Faster and cheaper tests are being developed for pandemic control through test and trace strategies.
- Fungi are eukaryotes with chitin cell walls and diverse species, including molds and mushrooms, and can cause mycoses with varied pathogenic properties.
- Fungal diseases, such as systemic mycoses and superficial mycoses, are caused by toxic metabolic products and parasitic properties of fungi.
- Ergot toxin from Claviceps purpurea and Aflatoxin from Aspergillus are examples of pathogenic properties of fungi.
- Fungi can be filamentous (molds) or macroscopic (mushrooms) and unicellular (yeasts), with different modes of reproduction and pathogenic potential.
- Algae, containing chlorophyll and carrying out oxygenic photosynthesis, are a large and diverse group, including pathogenic species like red tide dinoflagellates and Pfeisteria.
- Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae, while protozoa are unicellular organisms without cell walls, with various groups like amoebae, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoans, some of which are pathogenic.
- Prions are infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals, propagate by converting normal proteins into the prion version, and are associated with diseases like scrapie in sheep, mad cow disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.
- Prions are distinct from conventional viruses, devoid of DNA or RNA, and composed primarily of a protein called Prion.
Viral Pathogenesis and Pandemics, Fungal and Protist Infections, and Prions
- Viruses can penetrate and grow inside host cells, inhibit host DNA/RNA and protein synthesis, and cause a Cytopathic effect (CPE).
- COVID-19, caused by a Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is highly problematic due to its large number of asymptomatic carriers, effective human-to-human spread, and severe disease in some individuals.
- Vaccines and biotherapeutics show promise in combating COVID-19, with many drugs and monoclonal antibodies in the pipeline.
- Faster and cheaper tests are being developed for pandemic control through test and trace strategies.
- Fungi are eukaryotes with chitin cell walls and diverse species, including molds and mushrooms, and can cause mycoses with varied pathogenic properties.
- Fungal diseases, such as systemic mycoses and superficial mycoses, are caused by toxic metabolic products and parasitic properties of fungi.
- Ergot toxin from Claviceps purpurea and Aflatoxin from Aspergillus are examples of pathogenic properties of fungi.
- Fungi can be filamentous (molds) or macroscopic (mushrooms) and unicellular (yeasts), with different modes of reproduction and pathogenic potential.
- Algae, containing chlorophyll and carrying out oxygenic photosynthesis, are a large and diverse group, including pathogenic species like red tide dinoflagellates and Pfeisteria.
- Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae, while protozoa are unicellular organisms without cell walls, with various groups like amoebae, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoans, some of which are pathogenic.
- Prions are infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals, propagate by converting normal proteins into the prion version, and are associated with diseases like scrapie in sheep, mad cow disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.
- Prions are distinct from conventional viruses, devoid of DNA or RNA, and composed primarily of a protein called Prion.
Test your knowledge on Viral Pathogenesis and Pandemics, Fungal and Protist Infections, and Prions with this informative quiz. Explore topics such as the pathogenic properties of viruses, the challenges posed by COVID-19, the diverse nature of fungi and protists, and the unique characteristics of prions. Gain insights into the mechanisms of infection and the potential strategies for combating these infectious agents.
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